The Museum of Ancient Chinese Architecture, a collection of buildings from the Six Dynasties, is hidden in a small village
Shanxi, with mountains and rivers on the surface, has a brilliant civilization.
Thousands of years of civilization infiltration, as long as you set foot on, there are many ancient buildings.
Compared with many well-known buildings, there are also some buildings of great value, hidden in unknown corners.
05
A ridiculous land lawsuit
The southeast of Shanxi is the old revolutionary area, during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, there was a Li Xiangyang-style killer hero named Huang Xiaodan.
The picture comes from the Internet
This name is in line with the habit of our villagers in the southeast of Shanxi Province to name boys, but it is an elegant way of writing big eggs, small eggs, and hairy eggs.
Chairman Mao once praised Huang Xiaodan: "There is a Huang Xiaodan in the southeast of Jindong, who scared the enemy out of his heart, and I think he is Huang Daring." ”
Such a heroic figure, in the historical materials of the 50s and 60s, has a very vague origin.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he went to Beijing to participate in the National Militia Conference, which was "Pingshun Huang Xiaodan"; Later, it became "Lucheng Huang Xiaodan".
Because Lizhuang Village, where Huang Xiaodan is located, has adjusted the zoning more than once, which has caused this folk hero to constantly change his household registration.
The picture comes from the Internet
Don't underestimate this matter, because the demarcation issue between Lucheng and Pingshun has also led to lawsuits in two counties.
At the junction of these two counties, there is a famous "Gejing Cold Spring", the spring water is clear and sweet, trickling down, and the four seasons are endless. There is an ancient temple called Yuanshan Temple by the mountain spring, also known as Gejing Temple.
Songtao, mountain springs, and ancient temples constitute a scenic spot of "Gejing Cold Spring", which is one of the eight scenic spots of Lucheng County in ancient times.
"Gejing Cold Spring" is not only because of the good scenery, but also because of a famous Taoist alchemist and pharmacist Ge Hong.
The picture comes from the Internet
His father-in-law is named Bao Liang, and both of them are very important figures in the history of Taoism. This Bao Liang is our Changzhi person, and his daughter Bao Gu is also a figure who knows all five skills.
Although it was the Northern and Southern Dynasties at that time, it cannot be said that Ge Hong did not have the opportunity to follow Bao Gu back to his parents' house, and it is also possible for Ge Hong to go to this spring in Lucheng to collect medicine and alchemy.
The problem is that there was no Pingshun County at that time, and it was not controversial to say that this spring water belonged to Lucheng.
But during the Ming Dynasty, because of Chen Qing's uprising, it shook the Ming court a lot. Shoufu Xia Yan even went to the southeast of Jin to direct the counterinsurgency.
The picture comes from the Internet
After Chen Qing was successfully suppressed, Xia Yan suggested that a place in Huguan, Lucheng, and Licheng should be selected to establish Pingshun County.
"Gejing Cold Spring" is very close to Gao'an Village in Pingshun County, but Shenquan Village in Lucheng County (now a district) also has a saying that the name of this village is because of "Gejing Cold Spring".
The people from the two places quarreled and quarreled to Yan Xishan, and Yan Xishan appointed officials to deal with the matter.
This official, in response to Pingshun County's claim that Gao'an Village is closer to "Gejing Cold Spring", mentioned that "Gejing Cold Spring" is closer to Lucheng County, which rejects Pingshun County's proposal.
06
Lose in hake, but gain in herring
Although Binh Thuan County has lost a famous scenic spot with both nature and humanity, Binh Thuan County's own attractions have sprung up like mushrooms after a rain.
Especially before the establishment of the county, it was the "Longmen Temple" of the eight scenic spots in Licheng County, and now it deserves to be the proudest building in Binh Thuan County.
The picture comes from the Internet
Longmen Temple, located in Shicheng Town, is the junction of Shanxi, Henan and Hebei provinces, adjacent to Linzhou in Henan and Shexian in Hebei.
The upper reaches of the Hongqi Canal is the Zhuozhang River in Shicheng Town, which is surrounded by mountains and has a steep terrain.
However, the mountains are wide and the soil is thick, which is a great challenge for farming. But in Pingshun County, Shicheng is a relatively rich place because of its abundant water sources.
Historically, it has been a battleground for soldiers.
There are two theories about his name: one is that Zhao Shile stationed troops here, and the other is that Jin Shi Jingjiao was stationed here after five generations.
The picture comes from the Internet
For a long time, the entire Shangdang region was the Shura field where the Han Rong were fighting, and of course it also contributed to the integration of multiple cultures.
In addition to the Confucian culture and the indigenous religion of Taoism in the Central Plains, Buddhism has also penetrated strongly into the corners of the people in this place.
When Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty Yuwen Yong destroyed the Buddha, the high-level leaders of the Northern Qi Dynasty adopted a consistent supportive attitude towards Buddhism.
During the reign of Emperor Wenxuan Gao Yang, Shi Facong built the "Fahua Temple", which was the predecessor of Longmen Temple.
The picture comes from the Internet
However, in addition to the fact that he traveled to Songyue when he was young, Shi Facong's main spiritual experience was in the south, and during Gao Yang's reign, he had already passed away, so it was impossible to establish Longmen Temple, which was attached to later generations.
What is more credible is that during the five dynasties, there was a son surnamed Zhang in a village called Houbi near Shicheng.
During the Tongguang period of the Later Tang Dynasty, after the entire Changzhi was completely subordinated to the Later Tang Dynasty, he ended his wandering and returned to the local area.
It is said that Wushen has reached this point, "chiseled the peak of Yanlan and ten thousand thousands, and the image of eighty good looks", and "the palace is magnificent, so it is constructed". After that, Wushen became the chief monk of Longmen Temple.
The picture comes from the Internet
Zhao Guangyi, Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty, once gave the temple the name "Huiri Temple", but after Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, it was named "Longmen Temple", which should be the main reason why the name of Longmen Temple has been used to this day.
Like many ancient buildings, Longmen Temple has experienced many disasters.
Especially in the Ming Dynasty Chenghua years, the overall pattern was seriously damaged, since the second courtyard after the building was all destroyed, only the west side hall and the Song Dynasty Daxiong Treasure Hall still maintain the five dynasties, and the remaining Tianwang Palace (now the mountain gate).
Many of today's Longmen Temple buildings were rebuilt during the Wanli period.
07
Set the afterglow of the Six Dynasties
Longmen Temple sits in the north and faces south, 65 meters wide from east to west, 78 meters long from north to south, and covers a total area of about 5,070 square meters. The layout is arranged in three axes.
The picture comes from the Internet
The central axis is arranged with three courtyards, arranged with the mountain gate, the main hall, the apse, and the Buddha Pavilion (destroyed), each courtyard is equipped with the east and west side halls, and the courtyard is built with the terrain, forming the shape of gradually stacking high.
Tianwang Hall belongs to the Jin Dynasty building, three rooms wide, hanging gable roof, the front eaves beware of the tween between the bucket arch 45 °, 60 ° oblique arch share, the characteristics of the Jin Dynasty are significant, the column forehead, the frame fang, the bucket arch is the Jin Dynasty relics.
The west side hall was built in the Later Tang Dynasty, which is the oldest building in the temple and the only one known in China in the period of the five dynasties.
The picture comes from the Internet
Daxiong Treasure Hall Daxiong Treasure Hall was built in the Northern Song Dynasty Shaosheng five years, located in the middle of the central axis, three rooms in width and depth, and the ancient building of the top of the mountain with a single eaves and nine ridges.
Although the palace has been renovated by the decoration of the Ming and Qing dynasties, it retains the characteristics of the Song Dynasty architecture from the proportion of its opening to the details of the components, and the yellow and green glazed ridged beasts on the top of the hall are made in the Ming Dynasty.
The hall enshrines the Buddha Sakyamuni (modern statue), and the murals are in the style of the Ming and Qing dynasties
The main hall is three rooms wide, the pedestal is high, the single eaves rest on the top of the mountain, six rafters are deep, and the eaves are far-reaching,
The symmetrical layout of the central axis shows the revered status of the central axis building in the monastery, and the ancillary buildings such as the monk's house and the treasury in the front and back of the south and the west axis are composed.
The picture comes from the Internet
The east axis is composed of the courtyard of the South Holy Monk's Hall, the Water and Land Hall and the Meditation Hall and the Monk's House, the buildings on the east and west axes are all composed of the south front yard, the middle courtyard and the back yard, and the buildings of the two axes are mostly built in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
The lamp Buddha hall of the apse is a building of the Yuan Dynasty, and the murals are from the Ming and Qing dynasties, but the colored sculptures are modern. Although the modern colored sculpture has higher technical means, it is far from the ancient times from an aesthetic point of view.
There are also more than 10 tomb towers of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties in the ditch ground in the west of the temple. The overall layout of the temple is scattered, the main and secondary are clear, and the design of the space is advanced layer by layer, the transition is orderly, and it is unique, showing the understanding and ingenuity of the craftsmen of the Song Dynasty on the space environment.
The picture comes from the Internet
Most of the ancillary cultural relics such as statues, murals, classics and offerings in the halls of Longmen Temple have been damaged and scattered, and only 3 stone Buddha bodies, Buddha seats and murals of the Yuan and Ming dynasties remain in the post-Tang Dynasty.
But fortunately, in the temple still retains the five generations after the Han Yin Emperor Qianyou three years of the scripture building 1 pass and the Northern Song Dynasty Qiande five years of the "old master tower record" and other dynasties of the stele 20 passes, in the temple outside the west ditch there is the patriarch tomb 1, the southeast slope of the temple has more than 10 monk tombs and the Song and Ming dynasties tomb tower 4.
Longmen Temple also preserves the big iron bell 1 and the inscription of the past dynasties cast during the Ming Dynasty, among which there are still 3 stone statues of the Song Dynasty, three stone towers of the Song Dynasty, 1 stone carving of the railing, all of them are beautiful in shape, the carving skills are smooth, and it seems that the legacy of the Tang Dynasty is still followed.
The picture comes from the Internet
In addition, the dragon mouth spits water, the stone valley dragon gate, the golden lamp flowing oil, the banner pole holy brain, the five sandalwood and the acacia, the soul stele, the Bodhisattva welcomes, the cliff stone Buddha of the dragon gate eight scenes, also has the "eight treasures of the dragon gate" said.
This ancient temple is of great value, but because it is in a remote corner and is inaccessible, perhaps it is a blessing in disguise.
Resources:
Xun Jian, Editor-in-Chief, Historical Relics: Sixty Cases of Ancient Buildings in Shanxi, China Building Materials Industry Press, 2019.01, p. 256
Zheng Qingchun, Civil Engineering Huazhang, Shanxi People's Publishing House, 2006.06, p. 55
Ma Xiao,Zhang Xiaoming. Ancient Museum in the Mountains of Longmen Temple, Pingshun[J].Chinese Cultural Heritage,2010(02):38-43.
The team that created this article
Author | Zhao Xiyi
Curated | Zhao Xiyi
Edit | Zhao Xiyi
*The picture comes from the Internet, if you have any questions, please contact