The "Prince of Liberty" movement, led by Prince Talal, expressed the desire for a constitutional monarchy and the demand for a national parliament to be elected by partial elections, with liberal and nationalist tendencies.
The "Prince of Freedom" is mainly composed of young, Saudi princes whose mothers are not prominent in their families.
The "Prince of Freedom" tried to implement their political plan by uniting with King Saud, but King Saud apparently did not intend to carry out any political reforms, let alone share power with the young prince.
It is also very important that Talal did not have the support of religious leaders and tribal leaders.
Talal's constitution and reform plan explicitly adhered to the Arab character and Muslim heritage of the Saudi state, but did not call for protecting the power and status of religious and tribal leaders.
The Prince of Liberty movement was supported by intellectuals with university education abroad and some military officers, but the status and influence of these social forces in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were limited.
In fact, the goal of the "Prince of Liberty" in advocating political reform is to distribute state power among the members of the royal family and to change the principle that status and power in the royal family and government are determined by the order of origin and seniority, not to weaken the ruling power of the Saudi royal family.
The political fate of Prince Free headed by Talal belongs to the liberal and constitutional faction in Saudi Arabia, and their political fate shows that Saudi Arabia lacks a free and constitutional social foundation and that the objective conditions for political reform are not yet available.
Official religious political authority provides the necessary religious-political legitimacy for the change of power within the Saudi family.
In the power struggle between King Saudi Arabia and Crown Prince Faisal, core members of the Saudi family have repeatedly consulted with official religious authorities on the transfer of power.
During this period, power struggles within the Saudi family led to a complex and dangerous political situation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the official religious authority led by the Wahhab family became to some extent the mainstay of preserving the kingdom's historical traditions and political institutions.
Faced with demands for constitutional reform by the Prince of Liberty, the official religious authority ruled that its draft constitution was inconsistent with Islamic law, denying the religious and political legitimacy of the Prince of Liberty's constitution.
The leader of the Wahhab family, as an important political ally of the Saudi family, has played a key role as a mediator and arbiter in the power struggle within the Saudi family.
Mohammed ibn Ibrahim, a member of the Grand Mufti Wahab family of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, ibn Abd al-Latif Al-Sheikh, was entrusted by the Saudi Royal Consultative Council to persuade King Saud to voluntarily resign.
When King Saud refused to transfer power, and a civil war loomed with the Saudi family, the core members of the Saudi family decided to carry out the process of removing the king.
Official Orema played an important role in the process of removing King Saudi Arabia, by providing Shari'a recognition for this change of throne.
The official religious authority, headed by the Grand Mufti, issued a Fetva ruling on the necessity and reasonableness of the transfer of power, which was then endorsed by members of the Saudi family and the Council of Ministers.
The official Fetwa of the Olema and other religious-political actions, such as the oath of allegiance to the new king, provided religious-political legitimacy for an orderly transfer of power within the Saudi family.
Although the official Olema led by the Wahhab family played an important role in this power struggle within the Saudi family, it was not until 1964, when King Faisal came to the throne, that Olema did not express any opinion on the Saudi political process.
The official religious authority is concerned with maintaining the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's Islamic and secular political system in the face of the threat of King Saudi rule and Egyptian President Abdel Nasser's subversion.
Thus, the official religious political forces are important players in the Kingdom's united front against political threats, and the official Orema and its Fetva are essentially important tools for the Saudi family leadership to cover up the dispute.
