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Lao She plays an important role in the literary world, known as the "People's People's Artist", his works are popular among the population, selected for language textbooks, is recognized by everyone, but was "shelled" by Han Han and Chen Danqing: "The writing is very poor", "without reading", public opinion is in an uproar, there is very little support, more is scolding: a racing driver who writes bestsellers, an artist who draws, how dare to be so arrogant?!
I think that Liang Shiqiu's group of people are very lively in their writing, so they read more of their words. Including Lao She Mao Dun, their writing is very poor.
And Barkin, poorly written. Ice Heart had no way to see at all. Lao She is fine, but without reading, you can read it. Qian Zhongshu is of course well-educated and insightful, but he is not the kind of writer I like.
No matter how others evaluate and hype, the level status of these people will not waver, they are all written by any one of them, Lao She's "Camel Xiangzi", "Four Generations Together", "Tea House" are familiar, Ba Jin's "Home", "Spring" and "Autumn" are well-known overseas, and they are the best works to describe the decline of the feudal family after "Dream of the Red Chamber". Although Mao Dun is somewhat unfamiliar, "Midnight" is "China's first successful novel of realism".
Han Han Chen Danqing as a celebrity in public comments, of course, is not right, but this conversation is suddenly enlightening, the original famous artists are not perfect, we look up to them from childhood, did not think of questioning, did not question, has been when they are gods, in fact, reading without thinking without insight is equal to white reading, the famous works of famous artists will only applaud is a kind of blasphemy.
What is the literary level of the famous artists? There is no doubt that it must be first-class, otherwise it will not be famous, otherwise it will not be selected into textbooks for hundreds of millions of students to study, but is there any flaw? Today, take Lao She's "Camel Xiangzi" as an example to analyze.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="15" > environment description is complex and lengthy, simple and straightforward</h1>
"Camel Xiangzi" is Mr. Lao She's representative work, "Under the Hot Sun and Heavy Rain" is an unchanged chapter in the textbook, depicting the heartache of Xiangzi pulling a cart in the storm, truly and profoundly reflecting the tragic experience of the working people, expressing the author's deep sympathy for the laborers struggling at the bottom of the old society, and the depiction of the scenery in it is gratifying.
The willow trees on the street seemed to be sick, and the leaves were rolled on the branches with layers of ash; the branches did not move at all, hanging listlessly. There was not a single water spot on the road, and it glowed white dryly. How high the dust flew up on the sidewalk, it connected with the gray gas in the sky, forming a vicious gray sand array that burned the faces of pedestrians. Everywhere it was dry, everywhere it was hot, everywhere it was stuffy, and the whole old town was like a burned brick kiln, making people breathless.
Just a short paragraph can be seen extraordinary, Lao She's text is easy to understand, shallow and straightforward, very infectious, with the harshness of the environment to write Out Shoko's difficulties, portraying the character image, but this chapter is placed in the whole work to show deficiencies.
The whole book has 24 chapters, this is 18 chapters, the climax is about to open, the reader is looking forward to seeing the story, Lao She has arranged such a long period of environmental description, the environment can show the characters, of course, it is necessary to explain the environment, but generally at the beginning, the middle can but not be large, because it will affect the fluency of the story.
No matter how well written the environmental description is, it cannot be noisy, but Lao She uses a large section of ink, which is not to shape the characters, but to show off the writing skills. Turning the whole book, you will find that there are many environmental descriptions, Lao She from time to time to a large paragraph, turning over and over the environment is harsh, nothing more than highlighting Xiangzi's diligence, verbose and lengthy.
The complex description of the scenery is sometimes full of charm, forming a unique artistic conception, but Lao She's text is not elegant, but a popular model, he wrote a look to understand, no need to think and no aftertaste, willow trees rolled, dust on the road, and Xiangzi pulled the car in the rainstorm, Lao She expressed too simple and straightforward.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="77" > psychological description is delicate and tortuous, and does not match the identity</h1>
More complicated than the description of the environment is the psychological description, which is also the most touching place of "Camel Xiangzi", Xiangzi is not good at talking, in order to portray the characters, you have to write the inner world, Lao She can put Xiangzi written vividly, relying on psychological description, but he wrote too much, the whole book has at least 15,000 words in writing what he thinks and feels, but Xiangzi is illiterate, simple-minded rough man.
Xiangzi is a countryman, has not studied, has a stubborn personality, and is a low-level manual laborer who pulls a car for a living, but his feelings are delicate and sensitive close to Jia Baoyu, which has a logical flaw.
Of course, the country people will think, no reading does not affect thinking, but it will not be delicate, but thick lines, choose one to give up another, very simple, not to mention That Xiangzi's personality is stubborn and does not turn, he usually does not say a word, forced to fight, and said that the most concerned pulling car did not have more than two words.
"I don't want to be idle!" He only said this, in order to save himself the trouble and quarrel.
"I will! Can't make any money! I can pull carts, I love pulling carts! The tendons on Shoko's head jumped up.
Shoko was speechless again.
Xiangzi spoke loudly, all short sentences, not even a slight detour, but Lao She let him sit down and think about it after having a relationship with Tiger Girl, and last night's events made him suffocate, doubtful, ashamed, sad, and felt a little dangerous.
Shoko's first reaction is to wonder, what kind of person is Tiger Girl? He had always respected it, he had never heard that tiger girls had irregularities, and no one was talking about tiger girls behind their backs, so why was there last night? Shoko temporarily returned and no one knew, how could Tiger Lady wait for him wholeheartedly? Is it any one?
After doubting the chastity and character of the tiger girl, Shoko thought of marrying a relative, which was his second thought, he wanted to wait until he had a car, life was more comfortable, he wanted to marry a young and strong girl, who ate bitterly, and could wash and do, he had always been disciplined, because he wanted to marry a girl who was clean and innocent
After thinking about the family affair, Shoko is more disgusted with tiger girls, taking her as a friend, it is indeed good, but when the wife looks, ugly, old, powerful, don't face! The tiger girl was more hateful than the soldiers who robbed him of his car and almost killed him, and the tiger girl destroyed him and made him a thief of the ladies! Disgusting Tiger Girl is Shoko's third thought.
Xiangzi thought of Liu Siye again, did Liu Siye know that Tiger Lady was broken? I don't know if Shoko is carrying the black cauldron alone, I know but I don't care, what kind of crap is the father and daughter? What is he mixed with this kind of person? Shoko made up her mind:
Even if their father and daughter were willing, he couldn't ask for her; it didn't matter if Old Man Liu had sixty cars, or six hundred cars, six thousand! He had to leave the people and depots at once and cut them off. Shoko has the ability of Shoko, with his own ability to buy a car, marry a wife, this is the right light!
Xiangzi's fourth thought is not to marry Tiger Girl, not to marry it, then think about how to clean up the aftermath, you have to give Tiger Lady and Liu Siye an explanation, but Lao She came to a 500-word psychological description, let Xiangzi recall last night, he was resentful and annoyed, but he was attracted, he couldn't forget, last night coiled in his heart, he didn't know how to be good, for the present and the future, there was no way, as if it was a small worm in the spider web, it was too late to struggle.
Good contradictions and entanglements are unforgettable, but not over, because Shoko wants to drink, he wants to drink people do not know, but dare not go, he remembered to buy a car, but could not concentrate on thinking. He should have gone back to the depot, but he was afraid to go back. He was afraid of encountering tiger girls, and the more he wanted to hide, the more he wanted to meet, so strange, he remembered poking the honeycomb when he was a child...
The five big and three thick Xiangzi words are not two sentences, but Lao She has given him seven tricks of linglong heart, let him think endlessly, just think of a good thing and quickly overthrow, dislike the tiger girl and can not get rid of the temptation, want to cut off two knives and do not want to leave, complicated, contradictory, thousands of twists, this is still a simple Wooden Xiangzi?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="88" > too sympathetic to Shoko and lose objectivity</h1>
Writers must have feelings for the characters in the pen, no emotion can not write fresh, this point Lao She naturally understands, but Lao She does not understand, in addition to pouring emotions, but also to maintain an omniscient perspective, both can go deep into the heart, but also can look at the cold, write the advantages and write the shortcomings, the characters are not shy about the description and evaluation.
Xiangzi is kind, industrious, down-to-earth, Lao She is very appreciative, he does not hesitate to write and ink, with a large section of environmental and psychological description to shape Xiangzi more three-dimensional and distinct, even if the writing is not fluent enough, but also at all costs, Lao She sympathizes with Xiangzi's suffering, he repeatedly uses harsh environment to set off Xiangzi's tenacity.
But Lao She only writes one, but less writes the second, why is a person always so miserable? It seems that all the unfortunate things in the whole world have caused him to crash, and the poor people must have something to hate, and Lao She tries his best to render pity, but rarely writes about The hatefulness of Xiangzi.
At first reading, I sympathize with Shoko, but I can substitute for it, and I find that Shoko's stupidity is more than tragedy, and the two great disasters in his life can be avoided by another person.
After three years of sun and rain, Xiangzi finally had her own car, the news of the war spread everywhere, Xiyuan came to the soldiers, Changxindian fought, the Qihua Gate had been closed for half a day, and Xiangzi did not pay attention. The price of grain has risen, the rich people have fled for their lives at a high price, the car does not dare to go out of the city, and after more than ten days of "rumors", Xiangzi still pulled the car out of the city, and for the sake of two dollars and the compliment of the "big man", he was even arrested by the soldiers with the car.
There are so many drivers and car dealers in Beijing, how can it be the unlucky xiangzi? Lao She did not have a harsh word.
Tiger girl is particularly pampered after pregnancy, greedy greasy and do not love sports, resulting in too large fetus, tiger girl is the first child, older, but Xiangzi still pulls the car, tiger girl can not support, let Xiangzi ask the midwife, it is not yet time to give birth, but tiger girl can not stand the torture, crying and shouting to find death, Xiangzi's approach is: do not pull the car for the time being.
Tiger girl from the middle of the month to the end of the month, unlike people, Xiangzi watched every day, the midwife implied that Xiangzi would have difficulty giving birth, and the midwife would only deliver, but Xiangzi did nothing, he guarded the tiger girl for three days and three nights, watching the tiger girl shout Buddha to make a wish, the voice of the shout was dumb, and there was no idea, or the tiger girl let him ask the shrimp toad immortal.
Please shrimp toad immortals to get five dollars, Xiangzi has no money, Tiger Lady took out the last seven or eight dollars, Xiangzi invited the two people who pretended to be gods and ghosts, he prostrated his head in confusion, Tiger Lady drank the rune or made trouble, the eyeballs have slowly turned upwards, Xiangzi stood up straight and knelt in front of Gao Xiang, Tiger Lady only had a big mouth of throat, it would not make a sound, and the last hope was to send it to the hospital.
But Xiangzi opened his mouth and cried, the little Fuzi who helped him went to the hospital to ask after tears, delivered 20 yuan, difficult childbirth to the hospital to get dozens of yuan, Xiangzi only had the car worth 80 yuan, but he felt that there was no way, had to wait for the damn to die! Tiger Girl and the dead child lost their breath, Shoko sold the car for the funeral, and his wife, children and car were all gone.
This tragic farce makes it impossible to watch, Shoko's stupidity is outrageous, but Lao She has only one sentence: stupidity and cruelty are some of the phenomena here; so stupid, so cruel, but there is another reason, floating through a sentence.
Xiangzi's stupidity and incompetence are far better than kindness and hard work, he always encounters bad luck, and there is no way to meet him, but Lao She highlights Xiangzi's advantages, tries to dilute the shortcomings, and attributes the tragedy of the characters to the external environment. Lao She favored Xiangzi, favored to excuse him, read the original text to know that Xiangzi and Tiger Girl that night was Xiangzi's initiative
He warned himself to be careful, but he was bold. He drank three cups of wine in a row and forgot what it meant to be careful. Looking at her in a daze, he somehow felt very happy and bold; extremely brave to catch a new experience and pleasure at once. Usually, he was a little afraid of her; now, she had no place to be afraid. Instead, he himself became majestic and powerful, and seemed to be able to take her in his hands like a cat.
But after a night, Xiangzi regretted it very much, he hated the tiger girl for being old, ugly, and powerful, accusing the tiger girl of not having a face, and interestingly, Lao She only wrote about the psychological activities of Xiangzi alone in the whole book, so that the reader thought that it was all, and what Xiangzi thought and felt was absolutely correct.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="94" > prejudice and wanton ridicule of women</h1>
Tiger Girl is the most tragic heroine, not one of them. The average life expectancy of the Republic of China is 35 years old, the age of the tiger girl is set to thirty-seven eight, seventeen or eighteen years older than Xiangzi, the age is deadly enough, the tiger girl is still ugly, vulgar and tough, there is no feminine charm, but Lao She is not enough, and then add a fatal blow: not a virgin, no face.
Tiger girl eats wine and vegetables alone but puts three wine glasses, does not sleep at 11 o'clock at night, wipes the powder and wipes the red lips, wears a light green silk jacket, Qingyang fat leg single pants, let Xiangzi feel strange and flustered, Lao She wrote so, Tiger Girl is really indefensible, all the descriptions imply that this person is unruly, it seems that any coachman can.
But after reading the novel, we all know that Tiger Lady is very strong, she inherits Liu Siye's temperament, even if her father dares to scold and grin on her, she still scolds back, even if no one provokes her, her body is tired and she wants to find someone to scold, how can people with this personality do things.
Besides, Tiger Lady is the daughter of the owner of the car shop, wearing satin, eating wine and vegetables, a person with a head and a face, all the drivers stare at her, if there is any handle, where can still manage people
Don't look at the tiger girl who is old and ugly, but has a high vision:
Tiger Lady prefers this stupid big man, what she says, Xiangzi always listens attentively and does not argue with her; other coachmen, because of the suffering, always speak horizontally; she is not afraid of them at all, but she is not willing to pay more attention to them; her words are left to Xiangzi to listen.
Tiger lady married to the same age can only be a continuation, she can not be wronged, she is a strong woman, is a career, find a young and obedient stick guy, both can be as "wild and unrestrained" as before, as well as the warmth of the family, she can firmly grasp the initiative of life, she looks at Xiangzi strong, kind, spirit, is the best among the coachmen.
The three paved rooms of the depot, one of which is used as a cabinet room, only the drivers are allowed to come in to pay bills or negotiate things, not allowed to enter casually, Shoko can go in to eat is the tiger girl's kindness, the tiger girl lives in everyone's sight, there is no privacy to speak of
He had always respected her, and had never heard of anything unruly about her; though she was very casual and cheerful to everyone, they had not spoken of her behind her back; even if any of the coachmen had said bad things about her, they had said that she was terrible, nothing else.
To be strong, tough, and unashamed, the tiger girl was constantly ridiculed, "She blushed, black and red, plus half-residue powder, and green light, like a piece of boiled old pork liver, the color is complex and ugly" "like a big black tower" "The black face has a layer of small white goosebumps, like a frozen chicken with plucked hair", the tiger girl is extremely unbearable in the eyes of her husband Xiangzi:
She is also a strange thing that is both old and new, a girl and a lady; like a woman and a man; like a man, and like a vicious beast!
Lao She is extremely sarcastic to tiger girls, using harsh words to not like famous people, but the point of ridicule is nothing more than "old" and "ugly", this discomfort reaches its peak when reading Xiao Fuzi, Xiao Fuzi is a secret prostitute, who lives by selling meat, but is praised:
In his eyes, she was the most beautiful woman, beautiful in her bones, that is, she was full of sores, rotting the skin and flesh, and in his heart, she was still very beautiful. She is beautiful, she is young, she is strong, she is thrifty.
Dazaoyuan is the bottom of Beijing, but Xiaofuzi is also spurned in Dazayuan, and the bastard father wants to leave her blood and tears money, and insults her, and Xiaofuzi does not dare to come out. One is Shoko's wife, the other is a lover, Lao She's attitude is completely different, which is a reflection of the female view.
Lao She appreciates the kind, simple, obedient, weak, insulted, willing to sacrifice of the bottom of the women, even if Xiaofuzi is a prostitute is beautiful, and the tiger girl is a beggar, strong, bold, spicy, is a strong person in life, not a traditional woman, shrewd and capable pursuit of love is all wrong
At the end of the novel, I always feel that it is not enjoyable enough, Lao She wrote about the darkness of the environment, wrote about the tragic experience of Xiangzi, but did not think deeply about the root of the tragedy, lacked the analysis of the bones, and he was even unwilling to deeply analyze the inferior roots of Xiangzi's character, which was related to Lao She's personality and growth experience.
Lao She is a well-behaved citizen class, in his view, the national order is more important than interests, the bad people in his writing are all the destroyers of order, and the good people in his pen are simple people who are hardworking, such as Xiangzi, who praises good people, but only mocks bad people, not kills them all, this ambiguous attitude makes contemporaries very dissatisfied, especially with humor, even the ridicule is dissolved.
Watching Lao She's works is like eating brine and boiling, simple and refreshing, with unique tastes, but the ingredients are all stewed together, regardless of each other, there is nothing to analyze in depth.
#Han Han ##陈丹青 #
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