Text/ Yo yo deer singing
For five thousand years in China, Fan Zhongyan is a unique existence.
Zhu Xi said that Fan Zhongyan was "the first-class figure in the history of heaven and earth"; Chen Ya said: "The Yuan Qi of my Dao"; Feng Mengzhen praised: "The Master Table Hundred Worlds, a Special Character". Today's middle school students ask each other: Dear, have you finished memorizing "Yueyang Louji"?
In my point of view, it is slightly different: Fan Zhongyan is a fierce person for five thousand years.
First of all, it is to be cruel to yourself.
Fan Zhongyan's father died when he was two years old, and his mother was forced to remarry by life. Fan Zhongyanshan Temple to study, in order to save time and expenses, he used millet every day to cook porridge, put it overnight, and cut the porridge into 4 pieces with a knife after solidifying, and ate 2 pieces in the morning and evening. Classmates sent him a little food, he also refused, "gentleman is poor." This is the origin of the idiom "cut the porridge and break the sword".
It was the Song Dynasty, and the emperor personally visited Ying tianfu (present-day Shangqiu, Henan) to worship his ancestors. The whole city went to watch the "True Dragon" style, and Fan Zhong, who was studying alone, went to see the liveliness: "Emperor, I always have to see him in the future, and now I don't have that time." "It is said that during those 5 years, he did not even take off his clothes when he slept, because he had to seize the time to study.
Look, since childhood, Fan Zhongyan has been a cruel person. Later, Fan Zhongyan was admitted to the Jinshi, and then later became the leader of the "New Deal for the Celebration of the Calendar", and it was indeed common to see the emperor.
Second, it is cruel to the superiors.
At that time, the empress dowager was in power, and the emperor wanted to lead the civil and military officials to celebrate the empress's birthday. At the age of forty, he had just been promoted to the central government as a librarian (Secretary of the Cabinet, hey, why librarian again?). Fan Zhongyun jumped out to stop: The emperor would worship the empress dowager in the inner court, and lead the civil and military officials to disobey the rules, which was not OK. He also asked the empress dowager to "roll the curtains and withdraw from work."
He was immediately demoted from the imperial capital. Because the empress dowager is also a cruel person.
At the local level, he was in charge of judicial adjudication and often argued with his superiors. His superiors suppressed him with official positions, but he never gave in. As soon as the case was completed, he copied the original copy of the entire process of the argument on the screen, and within a few days the screen was full. Can you imagine sending a circle of friends to brush the screen after arguing with our superiors today?
Many years later, Fan Zhong flooded everywhere and was given the opportunity to serve in the capital, and before the bench was hot, he opened fire on Lü Yijian, the current prime minister. He produced a "map of the hundred officials" showing how the prime minister opened the back door and appointed private individuals. The prime minister sent a fierce counterattack: "Overstepping one's duties, recommending the party, and alienating the monarch." This stick is meant to be beaten to death.
Fan Zhongyan was degraded again. Degraded far.
On the way to the demotion, his wife died, and Fan Zhongyun himself became seriously ill. My friend Mei Yaochen really couldn't see it, and wrote a poem of "Woodpecker" and a poem of "Lingwu Fu" to him: My brother, in the face of corrupt officials, don't be too upright, be more "annunciation birds", don't be like woodpeckers, peck at the insects in the forest, but provoke the owner of the forest, and invite the disaster of killing.
Fan Zhongyan replied indignantly: No matter how much people hate the dumb sound of woodpeckers, this is my lifelong invariable creed - "Rather sing and die, not live in silence."
For example, before exposing yan Wenying, a close minister of the emperor's side, he arranged family affairs and said to his eldest son, Chunyou, "I am invincible, I will die!" ”
Fierce. Later, Hu Shi said that Fan Zhongyan's eight words of "rather die than silently" were 740 years earlier than the classic "not free, rather than die" uttered by the American Patrick Henry.
Written on the Fan Zhongyan Memorial Hall is Zhu Xi's comment "first-class person". I think it is better to use Wen Zhenggong's original words "Ning Ming and die without silence", which is the best expression of the integrity of Chinese scholars
There was such a ruthless man, and the officials of the Song Dynasty also learned from him, one after another. The "History of Song" records that "every time I am grateful for the affairs of the world, I do not hesitate to fight for myself, and for a while the scholar and doctor correct the style and discipline, and advocate it from the middle of the river."
Third, Fan Zhongyan was even more ruthless against foreign enemies.
At that time, western Xia attacked the Great Song, the Song army was defeated, and the Song court was shaken. The emperor who had been inheriting the peace for a long time remembered Fan Zhongyun, who was relegated to a certain corner: Ai Qing, you are on.
On it, on it. As mentioned earlier, Fan Zhongyan is a literati, but he is also a cruel person.
Life and death look down, and if you don't obey, you will do it.
As a scholar of Longtuge, he passed through the western frontier and took over Yanzhou (present-day Yan'an, Shaanxi), which had just experienced a siege, and as soon as he left, he changed the military system and retrained elite soldiers. Later, he sent his own sons to seize the key areas occupied by Western Xia, built Dashun City as quickly as possible, and then personally led heavy troops forward to repel the attack of 30,000 troops of Western Xia.
This is a nail into the enemy's body.
The entire Song Dynasty, facing the western Xia defense line, was often beaten to pieces, and only Fan Zhongyun's defense line was stable. When the nearby war zone was attacked, the emperor said, "If Zhongzhong floods to help, I will have no worries." ”
The point is that Fan Zhongyan has a lot of ruthless people under him. For example, when he reported the "name of the first rank of the powerful martial general on the side", there were four people in the first class, and these four people had a long impact.
For example, Di Qing, who later became the number one military general of the Song Dynasty, was also the number one person in Chinese military history. Di Qing is a typical ruthless man, often serving as a pioneer. After four years of combat, 25 battles were fought, and as many as eight times the arrows were thrown.
For example, Zhong Shiheng is also a cattle man. At that time, Fan Zhongyan designed the walled city tactic, and a new official "Zhicheng Affair" was produced in the history of the Song Dynasty officials. After Fan Zhongyan excavated Zhongheng, he awarded the first "Zhicheng Affair" to Zhongshiheng, and later promoted and recommended him continuously (even the epitaph was written by Fan Zhongyan). Seed Shiheng himself is a fierce person, and his descendants are also fierce enough, and gradually developed the "seed family army" and became a long-term and important reliance on border defense in the Song Dynasty. In the "Water Margin", Lu Zhishen's "old seed sutra slightly Xianggong" and "small seed jing slightly Xianggong" are the seed family army.
Because he is fierce, he is good at discovering cruel people. The Western Xia people called Fan Zhongyan "Longtu Laozi". The legend of the side rumor: "There is a fan in the army, and the western thief is frightened and frightened." ”
The "History of Song" records that when Fan Zhongyan was in office, the border Qiang people "all painted portraits of Lisheng Shrine." And his pawns, hundreds of Qiang chieftains, weeping like fathers, fasted for three days. Lu You's "Weinan Anthology" said: "Fan Zhong flooded the air pressure Lingxia, so he begged for the west and Yuan Hao was ambushed."
This is, fierce people respect cruel people.
Fourth, Fan Zhongyan was ruthless enough with vested interests.
Fan Zhongyan is the leader of the "New Deal for Celebrating the Calendar". This is an enduring issue in China's political history.
One of the main points of the New Deal was the laying off of unqualified cadres, the change of the rules of automatic promotion at the end of the year, and the system in which the children of officials were assassinated. This offended the entire bureaucracy, and open guns and arrows poured in.
But Fan Zhongyan is a cruel person, how can a cruel person care about this.
Not only was he cruel to the bureaucracy, but he was also cruel to the emperor. On this day, Song Renzong asked the ministers: "Since ancient times, only villains have formed friends, do gentlemen also have friends?" ”
The party is the most defensive and taboo problem of the emperors of all generations, and once it is discovered, it will be a heavy hand and cut the grass and remove the roots. Of course, Fan Zhongyan knew what the emperor wanted, but he was afraid to go back on the spot: "On the border, brave people, who are not afraid of war, form a party; those who are timid and afraid of war also form a party." There are evil and good things, and there are righteous people forming a party and doing good deeds, what is bad for the country? ”
The tiger whiskers have been bold, and Fan Zhongyun is the dragon whiskers.
In this way, it is not possible not to degrade.
This cruel man is full of righteousness. Thanks to The fact that Song Renzong was the emperor who ranked first in the thickness for thousands of years, he only degraded it, otherwise he would have killed it directly.
Folk songs say, "The imperial court has no worries about Fan Jun, and the Beijing master has nothing to do with Xiwen." "Xiwen is Fan Zhongyun's word. However, such a ruthless person was doomed to not be able to stay in the imperial court for too long, and soon after the "New Deal for celebrating the calendar" began, Fan Zhongyan was driven to a distant place, and the political enemy was happy, "a net was exhausted."
But how can a ruthless man be bothered by all this clamor? Fan Zhongyan, 58, wrote the "Record of Yueyang Lou": "Do not be happy with things, do not grieve with yourself." The world is worried and worried, and the world is happy and happy. ”
In Chinese history, this is the first explicit exposition of the social responsibility of readers.
Casually written, it is a famous sentence, recited for thousands of years. Why? Fierce. Please note that Fan Zhongyan has not actually been to Yueyang Tower. Yueyang Lou was built by his friend and invited him to write an essay, which he used to spit out his life's aspirations.
The most ruthless person is to carry the whole world up.
Cruel people do things, often not understood by the people of the time. In 1050, there was a great famine in Wuzhong, and many people starved to death on the road. At this time, Fan Zhongyan was in charge of Hangzhou, and he dispatched grain from warehouses, collected money and materials from the people, and provided disaster relief and famine relief. At the same time, the people of Wuzhong were encouraged to continue to hold boat and boat races, and from spring to summer, they tried their best to let the residents of the city travel on a large scale and enjoy the fun, and the officials feasted and drank on the lake every day; Fan Zhongyan also told the temples and government offices to build a lot of construction, renovate warehouses and houses, and projects in various places one after another. As a result, the supervision organs impeached Fan Zhongyun for not showing compassion for the absurd government, playing and playing without restraint, and vigorously building civil engineering and injuring the people's financial resources. The imperial court was held accountable, and Fan Zhongyan explained: When these projects come together, those who do trade, catering, craftsmen, and people have a way to live, which is the best disaster relief. Facts have proved that this year, in the disaster areas of the two Zhejiang Roads, only Hangzhou, which was managed by Fan Zhongyan, spent safely, and the people did not go into exile. Many of our practices today, such as Roosevelt's New Deal, have actually been played by Fan Zhongyan long ago.
I read Fan Zhongyun's chronology repeatedly. Interesting corners are often found carelessly.
Once, a stranger came to Fan Zhongyan and said that he wanted to fight with him in the army and kill the enemy. Fan Zhongyan immediately saw that this was a talent: "Young man, being a soldier is not suitable for you, I have a copy of "Moderation" here, I don't want money for you." The heavy responsibility of saving the world and maintaining world peace is entrusted to you. This young man went back to study this "Zhongyong", and later founded "Guan Xue", the science of science was opened up, was honored as Zhang Zi, was named a sage, and was enshrined as the thirty-eighth place in the Western Temple of Confucius, becoming a major town in the history of Chinese thought. Zhang Zai's "establishment of a heart for heaven and earth, a destiny for the people, a continuation of learning for the saints, and a peace for all generations" is called "the four sentences of the horizontal canal", which has been praised throughout the ages.
See? It's really "open peace".
True ruthless people often create an era with one sentence.
Another time, a show talent came, asked to see Zhongyun, asked for help, and Zhongyun gave ten thousand. After a year, Xiu cai came again and gave another ten thousand. He asked Xiucai, "Why are you so 'servant road'?" Xiucai said: "There is an old mother, there is no way to support." If you can get a hundred dollars a day, that's enough. Fan Zhongyan arranged a position for him, three thousand in January, and took him to study "Spring and Autumn" until Fan was transferred.
Ten years later, a Sun Fu appeared in Taishan, Shandong, teaching students with "Spring and Autumn", with countless famous disciples, becoming the "Taishan School". This Sun Fu is the show talent of that year. (Coincidentally,) Fan Zhongyan passed it on to the military general Di Qing, which was also "Spring and Autumn". ）
This is the true story in "The Case of Song Yuanxue".
However, Fan Zhongyan's fiercest thing is another little-known thing.
Fan Zhong flooded a piece of land, Mr. Yin Yang said, my God, feng shui treasure land, live here, descendants will take over the Gongqing. Fan Zhongyan said: Since it is so expensive, then donate it to run a school, everyone is rich and noble together, and the family has the good of the whole place to represent the secretary of state.
It is said that Fan Zhongyan was very poor when he was a child, and later became an official, with a high salary, but still lived a poor life. The History of song records, "Non-guests do not weigh meat. The wife is clothed and fed, and can only recharge herself. "That is, the level of barely subsistence line, even meat is rarely eaten." However, one day he suddenly bought a thousand acres of good land in Suzhou. Just when everyone thought he was going to start corrupting and start enjoying life. He said: Run a "righteous village" and use these fertile fields to support the children of the clan and neighbors to study.
Cruel people do things differently. Fan Zhongyan created a complicated charity manager system for "Fan's Yizhuang". It will be a thousand years before people find out how powerful Mr. Fan is: the longest-running, largest-scale, most heavily managed, and most widely influential private charity in China's history. Two hundred years later, in the fourth year of Song Lizong Jiaxi, the scale of Yitian increased to 3168 mu; in the 20 years of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, it increased to 4892 mu. Until the Republic of China period, Yizhuang was still running.
It has been running for nearly a thousand years. Alone, nothing else.
Fan Zhongyan's family has also developed from more than 90 people when Yizhuang was opened to a large family family. Historians and education experts believe that the Yixue founded by Fan Zhongyan is the earliest compulsory education school in China. (In 1987, when Suzhou Chengfan Middle School renovated the school gate, a party "Fan Wenzheng Righteous And Righteous Learning And Exempted from Science and Service Provincial Monument" was raised from the dirt.) ）
The other deeds of the ruthless Fan Zhongyan, although they were famous in the world at that time, eventually drifted away with the wind. But "Fan's Yizhuang" has influenced for a thousand years. This is the most unique of Fan Zhongyan's various "fierceness".
Fan Zhongyan once commented on Yan Ziling's "Gentleman's wind, the mountains are high and the waters are long", in fact, this cruel man himself, why not "the mountains are high and the waters are long"?
Yo yo deer singing