As the world knows, at the time of the Two Song Dynasties, lexicography reached its peak. However, he did not know that in the leisurely world of Song Ci, the great man who inherited the words of his predecessors and enlightened the atmosphere of future generations was him——
He has the heart of "worrying about the world before the world, and enjoying the happiness of the world after the world";
He is born with the nature of "as hot as fire, as wet as water";
He opened his lips of "rather die than be silent";
He opened his eyes of "not pleasing to things, not grieving with oneself" --
He is Fan Zhongyun, who "seeks to be worthy of the sages, and learns to help the world".
In Fan Zhongyan's literary world, the number of poems is the largest, with 305 poems; followed by prose, there are dozens; and the last word composition, only 5 poems exist. However, these 5 poems can compete with the 305 Prime Minister of Poetry, and their weight should not be underestimated, and they play an important role in the development of Song Ci.
1. Inherit the past
"Silver Lantern and Ouyang Public Seat Sub-topic"
Last night, because of looking at Shu Zhi, he laughed at Cao Cao Sun Quan Liu Bei.
Exhausted the organs, in vain, only three parts of the world.
Qu Finger carefully pondered, scrambled, Liu Ling was drunk.
There is no one hundred years old in the world, less obsessed, old and emaciated.
Only in the middle, some teenagers, bear to tie the floating name?
A pin and a thousand gold, ask the white hair, how to avoid?
In the third year of Emperor Renzong's reign, Fan Zhongyan was appointed as a suffragan and presided over the "New Deal for the Qing Calendar", and Ouyang Xiu, who was then a knowledgeable system and like-minded with Fan Zhongyan, actively supported political reform, but in the end, due to the obstruction of the old school, the reform failed.
Fan Zhongyan was also degraded in the fifth year of the Qing calendar. On the eve of being degraded, Fan Zhongyan and Ouyang Xiu met together and poured out what they thought in their hearts--last night they picked up the lamp to read the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", and could not help but laugh at Cao Cao, Sun Quan, and Liu Bei--these three people spared no effort and worked hard to compete for dominance, but only fell into three parts of the world.
They all came to this matter, and thought about it carefully, rather than liu Ling, they were not as good as Liu Ling, drinking him drunk and drunk, living him a dashing and unsatisfactory. How many people can live to be 100 years old? He was mad and ignorant in his youth, and he was thin and haggard in his later years. Only in the middle of the road through a short period of youth, how can you bear to indulge in fame and fortune and stagnate? Even if the official is a pint and is entangled in thousands of gold, how can I hide from the old Ran Ran?
"Dingfeng Bo · Since the former second house town under the camp of Hundred Flowers Island pro-production"
Luo Qi was full of spring twilight in the city. Hundred flowers on the island to find fangs to go.
Puying Reed Flower Yingpu. Endless places.
Suddenly into Taoyuan Road.
Mo Wei Shan Weng chatted about Yi Yu. The number of hours of mourning.
Warblers solve new sound butterfly dance. Talent with.
There is no joy in fighting for my generation.
At that time, Fan Zhongyan was already an old man who had experienced three demotions and was almost obedient, and because of political frustration, Fan Zhongyan often traveled to Baihuazhou to dispel his depressed mood -- although the city was full of Luo Qi and prosperous, the heart of spring seemed to be no longer in the city, so he went to the Hundred Flowers Island outside the city to look for it.
It is indeed playing here - the reed flowers and the blue water reflect each other, full of beauty, the sky is clear and blue, endless, in this quiet place, trance feels like you are in a paradise. Hugh blamed me for enjoying comfort, fame and fortune, but a vain paper, and the number of days to gain and lose. You listen, the yellow warblers in the fields know how to sing new songs, and the flowers and butterflies still know how to dance new dances, which is an instinct given by heaven, so how can we ask my generation not to be happy?
The above two poems are more broad in subject matter: one is to read history and write about their subsequent feelings, one is to chant the scenery, to praise the elegant and beautiful situation; the theme is quite a bit of Taoist thought, not to seek fame and fortune, to draw from vain honor, but to be happy with wine, drunk between beautiful scenery and good times; the use of words is delicate and does not lose its understanding, there is no sense of difficulty and obscurity, it is gentle but not sad, and it does not show a state of despair and desolation - although political frustration, the heart is sad and depressed, but the overall tone is not very bleak: since "the number of times the merits have been lost", there is no need" Tie the floating name", or take advantage of the good time of "warbler to solve the new sound and butterfly dance", and live with peace of mind. So I finally issued a "Oh, Weisi people, who am I with!" "A positive sigh.
These two words as a whole coincide with the creative style of the early Northern Song Dynasty, and also show the process of decay of the song scene from the five dynasties of the late Tang Dynasty to the early Northern Song Dynasty.
2. Kaihou
"Fisherman's Pride Autumn Thoughts"
The scenery in the autumn is different, and the geese in Hengyang go without noticing.
The four sides are sounded in one corner. In a thousand hills, the long smoke and sunset are closed.
A glass of turbid wine is a thousand miles away, and Yan Ran has not returned to the house.
Qiang pipe slow frost all over the ground. People do not sleep, the general white hair Zhengfu tears.
During the first year of the Song Dynasty and the third year of the Qing calendar, Fan Zhongyan, who was then the deputy envoy of Shaanxi Anderson and the governor of Yanzhou, was sent to the northwest front, shouldering the heavy responsibility of defending the northwest frontier of the Northern Song Dynasty.
On a certain autumn dusk, looking at the sad and magnificent scenery full of sorrow, I couldn't help but raise my pen under the long smoke and sunset -- the autumn solstice to the northwest side of the plug, painting a scenery that was different from that of his hometown of Jiangnan: You see, the geese have no nostalgia for this place, and they have not turned their heads back to Hengyang; you listen, at dusk, only the four sides of the sound sound with the trumpets of the army; you look, in that layer of mountains, although there is smoke and mist, the mountain is sunset, but the lonely city gate is closed, and no one can appreciate this poignant scenery.
Just drink a cup of turbid wine to dispel this bitter silence, but I can't help but think of my hometown thousands of miles away, but I failed to defeat the enemy like Dou Xian did, carved a stone Yanran, and could not make a plan early. The melodious sound of the Qiang flute accompanied by frost and snow on the ground formed the night of the border plug. But the people in the border are unable to rest in peace -- the general has white hair because of the military, and the soldiers will shed the tears of homesickness because of the long-term border pass...
This word changes the tone of the song word, which is more low and tactful, and opens up the voice of generosity and eloquence. It is not only the first side word in the Song Ci, but also the earliest bold word in the Song Ci, and it has played a great reference role in the later Expansion of the expression field of Su Shi. Such a "word three eagles", in addition to Fan Zhongyun, who is the "first person of the Song Dynasty", who can do it?
Su Shi once commented on Fan Zhongyun: "Out of the name, in the name of the sage; happy after the people, worry before the people first." Through the heavens and the earth, the que yiran, the sages, the unprecedented... However, As the "master of the first life", Fan Zhongyun is not a mythical legend, he not only has the world's home country in his chest, but also has the feelings of ordinary people.
"Sumucha Nostalgia"
Blue clouds, yellow leaf land,
Autumn colors are continuous, and the waves are cold and smokey.
Mountains reflect the slanting sun and receive water,
The herbs are merciless, and more outside the oblique sun.
The soul of the dark country, the remembrance of the journey,
Night and night unless, good dreams leave people to sleep.
Mingyue Building rests alone,
The wine enters the intestines and turns into tears of acacia.
This word was written at about the same time as the previous one, although the communication is nostalgic, but the writing scene is completely different - white clouds flying in the blue sky, yellow leaves dancing all over the ground. Qiu looked at his own appearance with a complicated mood towards a pool of blue waves, raised his hand to sort out the clouds, but touched the cold smoke that shrouded the waves, and the cold smoke seemed to be wrapped in a green color. The distant mountains are lazily bathed in the sunset, and the blue sky is friendly holding the green water, while the herbs on the shore are mercilessly scorching the scenery and disappearing beyond the westward sunset. Once again, I miss my hometown, and I have lost my soul. The melancholy in the prison journey haunted me like a shadow endlessly, and only in my dreams could I stop for a moment. On the night of the moon, Hugh wants to go up to the tall building alone with wine, but he can know that the wine has entered the intestines and turned into drops of clear tears, and each drop is telling the moonlight about the endless lovesickness.
Although the theme of this word does not deviate from the traditional sorrow and hate, the vastness of the artistic conception makes the same word envious. The whole word is low and gentle, but it does not lose the spirit of shen xiong and qing. In the Qing Dynasty, Zou Qimo's "Yuanzhi Zhai Zi Zhen" commented: "The first paragraph is more into the beautiful language, and the second paragraph is purely written with tenderness, so it becomes a masterpiece." ”
"Royal Street Walk: Autumn Nostalgia"
Falling leaves are fragrant. The night was silent and cold.
The pearl curtain rolls in the jade floor, and the sky is light and the Milky Way is hanging on the ground.
Every year and tonight, the moon is like a practice, and the length is a thousand miles.
The sorrow has been cut off for no reason to get drunk, and the wine has not arrived, and it has first become a tear.
The residual lamp is extinguished on the pillow, and the taste of lonely sleep is exhausted.
All came to this matter, and there was no way to avoid it.
The specific creation time of this word is difficult to verify, but the theme is clear, and it is a word of autumn night nostalgia. On a cold autumn night, Fan Zhong looked at the yellow leaves falling to the ground, along with the fallen flowers lying in the arms of the incense steps, and couldn't help but feel nostalgic - this lonely night, as if he could hear the sound of frost turning and shattering. The beaded curtain is high, but it is people who go to the empty building, and accompany the empty building, there is also an empty heaven, in that vast and prosperous world, the Milky Way is a clear atmosphere, pouring itself into the earth on earth. The moonlight is always so bright and white silk year after year, close at hand, making people seem to be within reach, but the people under the moon are thousands of miles apart. With all these sorrows in their hearts, how can people indulge in wine? I'm afraid that the wine has not yet flowed into the intestines of sorrow, and I will fly into the tears of lovesickness first. Well, try to sleep peacefully, but you have already tasted the taste of loneliness, how can you fall asleep? Get up and light the flickering lamp and recline between the pillows. At such a moment, this kind of scene, full of acacia has nowhere to hide, either between the eyebrows or in the heart.
Fan Zhongyan has been in detention for many years, and he is full of lovesickness and sorrow, and he must sing three sighs. The word is sody and blunt. Li Panlong of the Ming Dynasty once commented in "Caotang Poetry Yu Jun": "The moonlight is like day, the tears are deeper than the wine, and the scene is two." ”
Although the above two poems are delicate and melancholy in content, whether it is "autumn colors and waves", "mountains reflecting the sun and the sky receiving water", or "the sky is light and the milky way is hanging", the words depict a grand and vast time and space background, which is very different from the narrow and deep environment of other contemporaries "Xiaoyuan Xiang trail" and "courtyard deep"; the style is deep and sincere, graceful and moving. The content and style are integrated, making the fanzi body clean and strong, and the gods are graceful and real.
When the Northern Song Dynasty was founded to The Song Renzong, due to economic prosperity and the pleasures of life gradually became fashionable, the disciples mostly created lyrics with the theme of eroticism, and the words were beautiful and bright, and once showed a prosperous appearance. Fan Zhongyun, who had both the wisdom of the ancients and his own thoughts, ascended to the altar of words at this time, turned his thoughts and talents into butterflies, flew into thousands of households, and flew into the pair of wisdom ears. He was as immaculate as a god in the heavens, and even though he had been an official several times, he was always "happy to get the immortal realm", and he wandered outside the gods, devoting all his eyes and efforts to the actual life of the people of his home country. He inherited the past and opened up the world, which greatly changed the Song people's concept of disease-free groaning, beautiful and soft creation, and guided the change of the creative atmosphere of the lexicon at that time, which was mostly based on the theme of eroticism, which had a profound impact on the lexicon of later generations.
Mao Zedong once commented on Fan Ci: "Between the two factions of elegance and extravagance, it is both desolate and beautiful, and people do not get tired of reading." "Words are like their people, God is caused by sexual spirits, and the grace and boldness of Fan Zi are caused by Fan Zhongyan's clear and upright personality and great righteousness——
If he does not have the heart of "worrying about the world before the world, and enjoying the happiness of the world after the world";
If he has no nature "as hot as fire, as wet as water";
If he does not have the lips of "rather die than to be silent";
If he does not have the purpose of "not pleasing to things, not to grieve with oneself" -
There will also be no Fan Zhong drowning in the Song Ci that "inherits the past and the future, and is vast and clear and clear outside the gods".
Author: Zhao Pengyan, pen name "Wan Wan'er", female, 25 years old, graduated from Nanjing University with a master's degree in editing and publishing, and is currently a first-grade Chinese teacher at Nanjing Yutong Experimental School. Words to me are like the love of a previous life, like the love of the afterlife. It is the sunshine and air in my life, giving me warmth, providing me with breathing, and making me grow happily in the world.