Throughout the five thousand years of China, there have been 408 emperors in the past dynasties, and most of our impressions of the emperors are from literary works such as TV dramas and novels, in which the important way to distinguish the emperor is the emperor's nickname and temple number. For example, Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty, Liu Qi of the Han Jing Emperor, Zhao Zhen of the Song Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Emperor, and so on.
Here I first want to popularize a knowledge with you, that is, the emperor's name and temple number. Taking Emperor Wu of Han as an example, Emperor Shizong of Han is Liu Che's temple number, and Emperor Wu of Han is Liu Che's courtesy name. After the death of the emperor, the next generation of emperors and literati were sealed, not the emperor's self-appointed titles, such as the now popular "Qing Ping Le", Zhao Zhen did not know that his name was Song Renzong when he was alive. The temple number and the name of the temple have an advantage, after the death of the emperor, the merit is left to the descendants, and this merit will be reflected in the temple number and the name. For example, the Han Dynasty's Abolition Emperor, this nickname is the evaluation of the Han Abolition Emperor by posterity.
Among them, every emperor has a title, regardless of whether he reigned politically clear or not, there will be a title, and the ancient scholars generally also have a title. It is possible to distinguish between merits and deeds, and all titles are beautiful, peaceful, and evil. For example, Emperor Renzong of Song's title was "Emperor Tianfa Dao Jigong Quande Shenwen Shengwu RuiZhe MingXiao Emperor", and Song Gongzong of the Southern Song Dynasty, whose nickname was "Abolished Emperor".
The temple number, as the number used when worshipping in the temple, is divided into "ancestor" and "sect". Temple numbers are much more formal and discreet, originating in the Shang Dynasty, and not all emperors had temple numbers. Later, as the title became longer and longer, the title had little effect on the emperor's merits, and the temple number was more representative of the emperor's merits.
In addition to the 14 emperors of Wang Mang, only four of the Western Han Dynasty had temple titles, namely Liu Bang of Han Gaozu, Liu Heng of Han Taizong, Liu Che of Han Shizong, and Liu Qing of HanZhongzong.
According to the ritual constraints of the dynasties on the temple number, the founding emperor can be called "zu", and the emperors of this dynasty in the future must be called "Zong". But why was this rule broken in the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty? There were three ancestors in the Qing Dynasty, namely the Qing Taizu NurHaci, which is understandable; the Qing Dynasty Ancestor Fu Lin, this is incomprehensible, Shunzhi did nothing, and finally for the sake of women to become a monk, not even Shouye, but was called "Zu"; there is also the Qing Shengzu Kangxi, Kangxi is already the fourth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and even called the ancestor, it is a bit unreasonable.
It has to be said that in the three dynasties of Han, Tang and Song, the temple number was still extremely cautious, and the emperors of these three dynasties had only one "ancestor", and the later emperors could only be called zong no matter how much merit they were. For example, Emperor Wu of Han can only be Han Shizong, the world of the Tang Dynasty is almost laid down by Li Shimin, Li Shimin's temple name is only Tang Taizong, and only Zhao Kuangyin of the Song Dynasty is Song Taizu. All if the temple number has a gold content, the highest of the Han Dynasty, the second of the Tang Dynasty, and the third of the Song Dynasty. The gold content of the Ming and Qing dynasties seems to be very low.
Shunzhi called "Zu" completely unworthy of this title, leaving aside for the time being. So why is Kangxi called "Zu"? Of course, this was not set by Kangxi himself, but by future generations, that is, Yong Zheng. On the merits of Kangxi during his reign, it is indeed called an emperor throughout the ages, and it is extremely glorious to level the Three Domains and ping the Gar Clan, to recover Taiwan, to expand the territory, and to create the prosperous era of Kangqian. But it seems a bit far-fetched to be called "Ancestor" and "Holy Ancestor".
Kangxi originally had the temple title as Zong, but Yongzheng was elevated to the throne for his own political purposes. To say that Kangxi's merits, under the premise that the gold content of the temple number in the Qing Dynasty is not high, zu is not impossible, but the holy ancestor is too exaggerated, and the Tang Dynasty only posthumously named LaoZi Li Er as Tang Shengzu, Kangxi is more vain than the sage Laozi, feeling slightly weak, this temple number is more of a political purpose of Yongzheng, and I personally feel that his merits should be higher than that of Shizu and Chengzu.
Yongzheng explained why Kangxi called him "Zu": "My emperor Kao Daxing Emperor succeeded to the throne, and the old classics should have been called Zong, but Jing Yun: The ancestor has merit and the sect has virtue. My Emperor Kao Hongyou Junlie, Crown Ancient And Present, Tuoyu Open Frontier, Extremely Boundless, and More Than Sixty Years of Hand-Determined Taiping, Deyang Enpu, King of All Nations, On Succession is Shoucheng, on XunYe is actually pioneering. Yi Yi Chongzu, Fang Fu Feng Gong. ”
Yongzheng means: "After my father succeeded to the throne as emperor, after his death, according to the old regulations, he should be called 'Zong', but the classical saying is 'calling the ancestor is a person who has merit, and calling the ancestor is a person with moral character'. My father reigned for more than 60 years, not only meritorious but also virtuous, he possessed both of these points, so I mean to call the father emperor temple 'ancestor', only in this way can he express his immeasurable contribution to the Great Qing Dynasty. ”
The Qing Dynasty was not the Song Dynasty, and the literati did not have so much power to compete with the emperor, and since Yongzheng said so, the chancellor honored the Kangxi Temple as "Holy Ancestor" at the behest of the Yongzheng Emperor. The full title of the Kangxi Emperor was: Hetian Hongyun Wen Wu Ruizhe Gong Jian Jian Yu Xiao Zhong Zhong Gong Zhen Zhong Gong Zhen Zhong Gong Gong Ren Emperor Ren Abbreviation: Emperor Ren.
In fact, the "Three Ancestors and One Sect" on the Temple number of the Qing Dynasty did reduce the gold content of the temple number since ancient times. The temple numbers most used for sacrifice are extremely important in the traditional culture of the Han people, and even the emperor cannot change or seal them at will. As the ruling class of the Manchus, the Qing Dynasty naturally did not seem so solemn about Han culture. This is also the most fundamental reason why the Qing Dynasty daxing the literary prison and the temple number is so high.
In fact, about the temple number and the nickname are all small common sense in history, understand these small common sense and read history with ease. This book can help you understand the common sense of Chinese history, from now on for history is no longer a layman to see the hilarity, click the link below to buy it~
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