Qing Shengzu Kangxi (Fourth Emperor of the Qing Dynasty)
Father: Shunzhi Son: 4 sons Yongzheng Grandson: Qianlong
Outstanding politicians and military experts, who were sober-minded and both literate and military, stressed study on themselves, were diligent and prudent in their administration of the DPRK, and handled relations between famous ethnic groups well, thus creating a prosperous era of Kangqian, promoting the social and economic development of the early years of the Qing Dynasty, and laying the foundation for the territory of China's multi-ethnic unified country
He succeeded to the throne at the age of 8, pro-government at the age of 14, reigned for 61 years from 1661 to 1722, the longest reigning emperor in Chinese history
At the age of sixteen, he got rid of the auxiliary minister Ao Bai
At the age of twenty, he faced the San Francisco led by Wu Sangui
Eliminate the Ming Dynasty regime in Taiwan
Three Signs of Gardan
Politically, we should strengthen the centralization of power, pay attention to recuperation, develop the economy, and co-opt the Han scholars
The Kangxi Emperor flaunted benevolent government, but in his later years he was tired and diligent, and the phenomenon of corrupt officials appeared
The struggle for the throne by the princes because of the incident of deposing the crown prince had a negative impact on the politics of the Kangxi Emperor in his later years
Flatten San Francisco and consolidate unity
In the twelfth year of Kangxi, the three princes of Pingxi, Wu Sangui (Zhenshou Yunnan), Shang Kexi, the king of Pingnan (Zhenshou Guangdong), and Geng Jingzhong, the king of Jingnan (Zhenshou Fujian), launched a rebellion, and Kangxi divided and disintegrated, concentrated his forces to attack Wu Sangui, and then dispatched elite generals to break through one by one, after eight years, he put down the rebellion in one fell swoop and maintained unity
To unify Taiwan, the government set up counties
After solving the San Francisco problem, Kangxi set out to solve the Taiwan problem
In the fourth year of the Ming Dynasty (1624), the Dutch invaded and occupied Taiwan
In the 18th year of Shunzhi (1661), Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan from the Dutch, and soon After Zheng Chenggong died of illness, his son launched an anti-Qing policy and blockaded the sea frontier
From the second year of Kangxi to the twentieth year of Kangxi, Kangxi repeatedly knew that he would use great righteousness to appease Taiwan, but unexpectedly, the descendants of the Zheng clan always adhered to the position of separatism, and after eighteen years of unsuccessful appeasement, Kangxi ordered the use of force to recover Taiwan
In June 1683, the Qing army captured the Thirty-six Islands of Penghu
In July, the Zheng family saw that the general trend had gone, indicating that they had surrendered
In August, when Taiwan returned, Kangxi decided to set up a county in Taiwan, and explicitly announced that Zheng Chenggong was not a traitor and a thief, and buried the coffin of Zheng's father and son in his hometown, and the descendants and generals properly placed them, and sealed the officials and gave them houses
Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar
The Heilongjiang River Valley in the northeast, at the time of Nurhaci and Huang Taiji, has been completely restored to the Qing Dynasty, because the Qing army entered the Guanba Banner south, the army of Tsarist Russia took the opportunity to invade the Heilongjiang River Valley, kangxi unified Taiwan, decided to counterattack the invasion of Tsarist Russia, two wars achieved a complete victory in the Yaksa counterattack, Kangxi twenty-eight years (1689), Kangxi sent a mission to Nebuchu, negotiated with the Russian mission, and signed the "Sino-Russian Nebuchu Treaty" (delineating the eastern border between China and Russia), The first equality treaty signed against foreign countries in Chinese history laid the foundation for the northern territory of China's territory, which has been until now
Pro-conquest of Shuo Desert, and good Mongolian
Mongolia was once divided into three parts
Southern Mongolia: Nurhaci and Emperor Taiji submit them to (inside
Mongolia)
Western Mongolia: The Southern Expedition threatened the Qing Dynasty, and Kangxi decided to march in person and defeated Geldan
Desert Northern Mongolia: A Series of Co-optation Measures Solved (Outer Mongolia)
Mongolia became the strong Great Wall of the Qing Dynasty, and China's historical problems from the Xiongnu of the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Mongols of the Ming Dynasty have not been solved, and Kangxi has solved them
Kangxi: Learning, diligence, benevolence
Kangxi's spirit and attitude of study are unprecedented among the emperors in Chinese history
Kangxi was unfortunate at an early age, his father Shunzhi died at the age of 8, his mother died at the age of 10, he became an orphan, his grandmother was raised by Xiaozhuang, and the unbelief inspired Kangxi to study more diligently, and Kangxi learned lifelong, perfecting himself and promoting his own learning
Many emperors of the Ming Dynasty did not go to the dynasty and did not pro-government, Kangxi from the age of 14 pro-government, discussing military affairs, starting every morning at dawn (7/8 o'clock)
Kangxi stipulated: The prosperous world breeds people Ding never adds, and later Yongzheng stipulates: Spread ding into the land, and China's thousands of years of poll tax are abolished
The most important manifestation is to punish corrupt officials, to commend clean officials, to set an example through clean officials, to make them show benevolence, because they have direct contact with their subjects
Kangxi sent Yu Chenlong to Guangxi Luocheng County to do Zhi County, the people are poor, a desolate, the county yamen three grass houses, the county town only six households, Yu Chenlong and the boss surname as a family, reclamation of land, recruit displaced people back to their hometown to live and work in peace, after seven years, Luocheng County has greatly improved, outstanding performance, was recommended as Zhizhou, the people are very reluctant, when leaving a blind man said that adults halfway no money to eat, although I can't see but I will tell fortune to earn money, so take him, half the way really no money to eat, rely on blind fortune telling to earn money to eat, rely on blind fortune telling to earn money to eat, The performance of Zhizhou was also very good, Kangxi commended, after the promotion is still not greedy, and later promoted to the viceroy of Liangjiang
After his death, the citizens went on strike, gathered along the streets to weep, mourned Yu Chenlong, and when the funeral was administered, the generals, the governors, and the governors of various major officials went to the place where Jackie Chan lived, and there was not a single remnant of the family, and all the officials present shed tears
Kangxi Commendation: Yu Chenlong is the first Qing official today
Kangxi's education of his descendants
Kangxi's education of his descendants, among the Chinese emperors, was very special, teaching by example, hunting with him, fighting with him, and cultivating in practice
There is also a very important school education, look at the day when the princes are studying
Yin Shi (3-5 o'clock): Go to Changchun Garden without Yi Zhai and review the first one
Day's homework, the crown prince is 13 years old
Midnight (5-7 o'clock): The teacher comes to the classroom, and master Manchu is master
Hatta, HanWen master Tang Bin, etc., first gave the crown prince a line
Bow down to the etiquette, and then check the lessons of the princes,
Endorsement
Chenshi (7-9 o'clock): Kangxi descended to Wuyizhai, the crown prince
They went outside to greet, sit down, endorse, and Kangxi was casual
Click a paragraph, the prince back, sure enough a word good, check
After finishing Kangxi, he went to deal with political affairs
9-11:00: It was very hot at the time, and it was not allowed to take it when reading
Fan, dangerous placket sitting, this lesson writing, every word
Write a hundred times and practice calligraphy
Noon (11-13 o'clock): the guards deliver food, and do not rest after eating,
Keep chanting and memorizing
From time to time (13-15:00): Go to the courtyard outside the WuyiZhai and ride and shoot, rest, and physical activities
Shen Shi (15-17 o'clock): Kangxi came again and checked the gong again
Lessons, endorsements
Unitary hour (17-19 o'clock): The princes shoot arrows first, then the masters, and finally Kangxi himself
After school, there is no cold and heat, every day
Under this kind of education, none of Kangxi's descendants were clumsy and mischievous
Finally, look at Chairman Mao's evaluation of Kangxi
Mao Zedong: Kangxi marched on Kaldan three times, united the Mongols, and firmly held Xinjiang. He invaded Tibet, revitalized the Yellow Religion, honored the Dalai Lama, escorted the Sixth Dalai Lama into Tibet, defeated the Dzungars, and took a crucial step in maintaining the unity of the southwest frontier. He invaded Taiwan, fought fiercely in Penghu, and completed the great cause of reunifying Taiwan. He recovered Yaksa in the northeast, organized the people of all ethnic groups in the northeast to carry out the struggle against Russia, signed the "Treaty of Nebuchu" with Tsarist Russia, guaranteed that we would never fight in Heilongjiang, won the victory of independent diplomacy, and made major contributions to consolidating the northeast frontier.