The late Qing dynasty poet Huang Zunxian wrote in his poem: "Generous and tragic singers, since ancient Yan Zhao Duo. That's true. In the history of thousands of years of Chinese civilization, Yan Zhao, a hot land, has a shining soul and a proud and dry cloud. A fierce and high-pitched song echoed in the long sky of history.
First, historical folk customs nurture the soul of Yan Zhao
Yan Zhao is popular because of its location in Shuofang, and he is still martial against the border nomads. Since ancient times, "generous and tragic songs" have become a unique spiritual symbol of Hebei people, and the spiritual history of rangers has accumulated deep roots. Sima Qian vividly summarized this ranger spirit in the "History of the Rangers": "His words must be believed, his deeds must be fruitful, he has promised to be sincere, he does not love his body, and he has gone to the hardships of the soldiers, and he has already survived and died, but he has not been able to do anything, and he is ashamed of his gains." "Yan Zhao Xia often takes care of each other, promises a thousand dollars, and sees the road unevenly, and sacrifices his life to help.
Hebei is referred to as Ji, and Jizhou was known as the "head of Kyushu" when Dayu ruled the world of Kyushu. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, the Hebei region was mainly divided into Yan and Zhao. The State of Yan is located in the north of Hebei, and its history predates the existence of the State of Zhao, and by the middle and late Warring States period, King Yan Zhao had greatly increased its national strength after many years of Taoguang and cultivated obscurity, and the State of Qi was defeated. Later, the Yan state declined, the Qin army came to Yishui, and the Yan prince Dan sent Jing Ke to assassinate the King of Qin, playing the magnificent song "The wind is Xiaoxi and the water is cold, and the strong man is gone and will not return", which became the spiritual background of the Yan people. The state of Zhao was located in the south of Hebei, originating from the three branches of Jin, and the center of gravity of the country moved from Jinyang (Taiyuan, Shanxi) to Handan, Hebei, from Shanxi as the main body to Hebei as the main body. During the reign of King Wuling of Zhao, in order to remove the threat of the state, he carried out a vigorous reform of Hufu riding and shooting, which opened the pace of integration of the Han and nomadic peoples, thereby destroying the Zhongshan State and laying the national spirit of the Zhao State of openness, inclusiveness, enterprising and martial arts. Although the state of Zhao was eventually destroyed by the state of Qin and failed to complete the great cause of unifying China, the heroic and popular style of the Zhao state and the fierce folk style of the Yan state complemented each other, and gradually integrated the cultural and spiritual characteristics of Yan and Zhao through the great unification of the territory of Qin Shi Huang and the ideological unification of Emperor Wudi of Han.
The cultural background of Yan Zhao's generosity and tragic songs can also be traced back to the earlier story of the shameful observance of the Boyi brothers in the late Xia Shang in the eastern Hebei region. Bo Yi and Shu Qi were brothers, with the surname Mofei, and their father Zi Chao was the king of the Guzhu Kingdom of the Shang Dynasty (present-day Qian'an, Hebei), and made their youngest son Shu Qi the crown prince. After Zi Chao's death, Shu Qi believed that he should not inherit the throne, which was his father's favor. So he insisted on ceding the throne to his eldest brother Patrick. Boyi resolutely refused to accept it, saying that it was his father's last order and could not be violated. Brothers, you resign, and no one will take the throne. They saw the struggle for power as a disgrace, preferred to give up their relics to take righteousness, and finally both ran away from home. The countrymen had no choice but to let Shuqi's second brother become the king.
It can be seen that Yan Zhao's heroic soul is rich in connotation, not only embodying masculine loyalty, but also full of righteous loyalty. For thousands of years, it has been passed down from generation to generation.
Second, Yan Zhao has been a heroic warrior since ancient times
There are many heroes in the land of ancient Yan and Zhao, and the people of Yan and Zhao often use their lives to tell the world what justice is and what is the value of life? Although most of their fates are full of tragedy, they can light up the vast night sky and ignite the flame of hope that justice will triumph over evil. Yan Zhao's soul vividly interprets the beauty of masculinity and boldness, and interprets the sublime style of heroism.
Every time there is chaos, especially in the beacon years when the nation is in danger and wolf smoke is everywhere, there will always be a trace of Yan Zhao people, who will save the building and save the people from fire and water. Yan Song, a traitor of the Ming court, was in charge, and Yang Jisheng, a "tough man" in Rongcheng in Hebei Province and a member of the military selection department of the military department, risked his death to impeach Yan Song. The 100-day restoration was short-lived, and Tan Sitong, who refused to flee to be martyred by changing the law, was strewn across Caishikou, Beijing, and no one dared to collect the corpse for him, and the Great Hero of Youyan and the Great Dao King of Cangzhou, Hebei, cried and collected his blood, and Wang Wu escorted Tan Sitong's remains to Liuyang, Hunan Province, thousands of miles away. In December 1911, the Xinhai Luanzhou Uprising broke out, causing a sensation throughout the country and echoing the Wuchang Uprising. After the failure of the uprising, hundreds of revolutionaries who were committed to dedicating themselves to democracy and the republic threw their blood on this hot land.
The mountains and rivers are broken, the people are not living, the times are exploring, and the Bohai Bay has come out of a generation of Jie Li Dazhao, shouldering morality with iron shoulders, and sprinkling the spark of the Chinese revolution. After being arrested and imprisoned, Li Dazhao was the first to go to the gallows, die generously, and calmly take righteousness in the face of the enemy.
Third, the arduous and extraordinary War of Resistance interprets the style of Yan and Zhao
The main battlefield of the anti-Japanese guerrilla war led by the Communist Party of China was in the land of Yan and Zhao, and the arduous war of resistance showed the generosity and tragedy of Yan Zhao.
At the beginning of 1933, the Wokou invaded, the Great Wall shook, and wolf smoke was everywhere. In the Gubeikou, Xifengkou and Lengkou wars, the military and the people closely cooperated, fought the Great Wall in blood, and forged the heroic soul of the Chinese nation. Tianjin's Yishi Daily once reported the touching deeds of a 12-year-old child and 49 blind people in Tangshan who donated money to purchase a national salvation aircraft under the title "People's Hearts Don't Die in the Mountains - Donate to Save the Country". The people of Qian'an donated materials and labor, and helped the troops dig trenches and repair fortifications on the hard mountain land day and night. After the battle began, the people brought water, food and wounded to the officers and men participating in the battle. Some peasants joined the army to defend their hometowns, and some led the way for the 29th Army death squad to attack the enemy camp. Young students from nearby rushed to the front of the battle and killed the enemy side by side with patriotic officers and soldiers. Some enlightened landlords and gentry also put national righteousness first, donated money and materials, donated guns, and supported or participated in the Great Wall War of Resistance.
The Great Wall War of Resistance failed, and eastern Hebei fell, but the people of eastern Hebei never submitted to the enslavement of the Japanese invaders. Under the leadership of the underground party of the Communist Party of China, from anti-slavery education to armed struggle, the secret movement to save the country has never stopped. From November 23 to 28, 1936, Fang Da, a pioneer Chinese war correspondent, went to the jurisdiction of the Japanese puppet regime in eastern Hebei to investigate and write the article "A Glimpse of Eastern Hebei" (published in the 7th issue of World Knowledge in 1937): "We believe that the young people of Jidong, although they all hold deep resentment under this harsh environment, they are not anesthetized by the puppet government, and in everyone's heart, there is still a passion for resistance!" Although the traitors gave this land to the enemy, the hearts of our people are not dead, and the people are ready to restore their land and power at any time! ...... In short, Jidong is in a state of chaos, although the traitors are dreaming of turning this land into a 'royal paradise', but this is just a dream! As for the Ambition Country, he actually did not have the ability and courage to directly control the three million Chinese in eastern Ji! ”
In the summer of 1938, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the people of eastern Hebei, who had been ravaged by Japan, set off a vigorous anti-Japanese uprising of the people of eastern Hebei under the banner of the anti-Japanese national united front based on the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. On July 6, an uprising broke out in Gangbei Village, Luan County, and on the 7th, Yankou Town at the junction of Fengrun and Qian'an. In just two months, from Shanhaiguan in the east, Chaobai River in the west, Wuling Mountain in the north, and Bohai in the south, the great uprising spread to more than 20 counties. In this great uprising, there were more than 200,000 workers and peasants, patriots of all strata, and armed forces of various democratic parties, the number of anti-Japanese coalition troops grew to more than 70,000, and the number of other anti-Japanese armed forces reached nearly 30,000. The rebel army fought in concert with the Eighth Route Army to recover nine county towns including Qian'an, shaking the rule of the Japanese puppets. "Generosity and hatred of the strong man's heart, the temple of the tomb forest village is heavy at night. It turned out that the man who was a farmer in the field was a national salvation man in Xingbang. "The Great Anti-Japanese Uprising in eastern Hebei is inevitable. In the arduous War of Resistance, the former servants of county and district cadres generously donated their lives, and only in the former Qian'an area, songs of generosity and sorrow echoed endlessly, such as Li Fangzhou, a patriotic teacher born into a wealthy merchant family and secretary of the secretary of the Qianqingping Third Regional Committee, who was arrested and tortured by the enemy and died generously by keeping secrets. Wei Chunbo, the magistrate of Fengluanqian County, 7 loyal martyrs devoted themselves to the anti-Japanese resistance, and 6 people donated their lives... All the first regimental cadres of the 12th Regiment of the Whirlwind Brigade of the Eighth Route Army in eastern Hebei were killed, and most of the grassroots cadres and ordinary soldiers were from the peasant children of eastern Hebei, and many of them became unknown martyrs with blood stained the battlefield. People are familiar with the five heroes of Langya Mountain, and in eastern Hebei, a group of heroes like Langya Mountain was also born. On April 3, 1942, Liu Chengguang, political commissar of the 12th Regiment of Eastern Hebei, and Su Liancun, instructor of the Second Battalion, led the soldiers of the 4th Company and the Special Service Company to escort a group of political cadres to Pingxi for training and were surrounded by more than 10 times the Japanese puppet army in Jiashan. "Only solve the battlefield to die for the country, why should the shroud of Mag be returned!" If the bullets run out, never be taken prisoner! When you fall, you must also maintain a charging posture, this is the true color of the disciples of Jidong. According to incomplete statistics, during the National War of Resistance, about 30,000 soldiers and thousands of cadres died in eastern Hebei.
Similarly, the common people of eastern Jidong are also bloody. On January 25, 1941, the villagers of Panjiayu Village, Fengrun County, Hebei Province, were savagely massacred by more than 3,000 days of puppet troops. Old man Pan Guosheng threw off his burning shirt, rounded his eyes, and roared, "Follow me if you are not dead, fight!" "The old man rushed to the tongue-breathing machine gun, raised his legs, flew up and kicked over the enemy's machine gun shooter, he clutched the reddened barrel of the machine gun, and with all his strength, smashed it on the devil's head. At this time, more than a dozen devilish bayonets stabbed, and before the machine gun could exert its power, Pan Guosheng died tragically under the enemy's bayonet. Outnumbered, 1,280 people in the village were brutally murdered by the Japanese invaders. In the face of the enemy's butcher's knife, the villagers of Panjiayu were not slaughtered like sheep.
In addition to the tenacious military and people in the indomitable land of Yan Zhao to save their lives, many outstanding Yan Zhao men are determined to save the country by aviation, and in the face of Japanese fighters with plaster flags raging over Shenzhou, they fly backward fighters in the bloody sky. The author checked the vast sea of archives and historical materials and found that in the martyrs' archives of the Nanjing Anti-Japanese Air Force Memorial Hall, 43 were martyrs from Hebei, ranking among the top in all provinces in the country. For example, Air Force ace pilot Zhou Zhi opened a single plane to chase down three Japanese fighters; Ren Yunkaku slammed the Japanese flagship "Izumo; Duan Wen was angry and annihilated the enemy chief; Xu Baobi shot down the Japanese army "Heavenly King Samurai" ... These Hebei Air Force athletes spilled their blood in the sky, and used their youth to compose a majestic and tragic music, showing the bones of Yan Zhao. According to the archives, they not only had superb flying skills, but also fought bravely, had a heroic personality, and were simple and tenacious. For example, Zhou Zhikai, a native of Luan County, commented on his personality: "Zhou Zhikai is loyal and kind-hearted, and whenever he encounters an enemy plane, he first forces the order to land a prisoner, and if he does not comply, he will destroy it." Never willing to take on the bombing, afraid of the wounded to die. If ordered to attack, they will also risk a low descent and drop bombs on the target. Song Yijing, a pilot from Shenze, recorded: "Filial piety to parents, like swimming, photography, heroic personality, loyalty, generosity and righteousness, quite the style of a strong man in the north." Yutian pilot Yuan Xugang commented: "Heroic personality and helpfulness. Sun Shicheng from Hejian wrote: "Strong physique, loud voice, open-mindedness, and humorous and dignified, his opinions are often expressed in Beijing accent, and each one is shocked." Get along with your comrades-in-arms, be kind as the stream, treat people sincerely, and have the style of Yan Zhao Haojie..."
Ancient people, a masterpiece for all generations.
Fourth, Yan Zhao Xia bone is safe today?
"Autumn wind thin horse thistle north, apricot blossom spring rain Jiangnan." Hebei was once a veritable "chivalrous" province in China. However, contemporary Hebei people, how many points of ancient Yan Zhao Xia bones remain?
With the development of history, Hebei became the hinterland of the Central Plains, especially after the Yuan Dynasty, Beijing in the territory of Yan and Zhao became a unified dynastic capital, opening the radiation of imperial capital culture to Yan Zhao culture. After hundreds of years of dynastic order discipline, Yan Zhao's chivalrous and righteous spirit gradually converged, and the people's customs became forbearant and burdensome. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the long-term peaceful environment further deepened the sense of caution and conservatism in the suburbs of Gyeonggi in Hebei, and the former martial arts and brave culture lost its geographical and temporal and spatial support. The culture of Yan Zhao's soul has faded, the wind of raising the flag, only the top, and following the tide and impetuosity prevails, and the Yan Zhao people's mentality has become increasingly conservative, their personalities have become honest, loyal and docile, and their sense of existence is getting weaker and weaker.
I firmly believe that the tenacity and righteousness in the bones of our ancestors still swell in the bloodline of the contemporary Yanzhao people, and once the nation reaches a time of crisis, the national righteousness of the Hebei people will never be missing, and the spiritual background of the heroic sages will not fade.
Generous and sad singers, the future is still promising.