With a total area of 2.72 million square kilometers, Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country, and Mongolia has a total area of 1.56 million square kilometers, making it the second largest landlocked country in the world. On the map, the world's two landlocked countries look like neighbors, but in fact these two countries are separated by two world powers, China and Russia. China and Russia share a 55-kilometer border here, while the straight-line distance between the two countries is only 38 kilometers.
It is this short distance of 38 kilometers that makes the two largest landlocked countries in the world out of reach, and forms a special geographical phenomenon of the junction of the four countries. So why is there such an awkward border pattern between Mongolia and Khan? All this starts from the Soviet Union's border demarcation of the allied countries, if China and Russia border, then Mongolia and Khan can not be connected, if Mongolia and Kazakhstan border, then China and Russia can not communicate with each other, and the Soviet Union finally chose China and Russia to border, the reason behind the border between China and Russia is diverse, some people think that the Soviet Union let China and Russia border is to leave a passage south into the mainland Xinjiang, so is this really the case? The terrain of the Sino-Russian and Western borders is very complicated. Over here. The border starts at the top of Kuitun Mountain in the Altai Mountains, and ends at the junction of China, Russia and Kazakhstan, and on the Chinese side is the famous Kanas Nature Reserve on the mainland. Kuitun Mountain is located at the junction of China, Mongolia and Russia, and the highest point of the summit is 4082 meters above sea level. Kuitun Mountain was named by Genghis Khan, which means what a cold hill, which shows how harsh the geographical and climatic environment is here. The mountain that extends in three directions with Kuitun Mountain as the center forms a nailed three-country border. The mountains along the border stretch for hundreds of metres and are covered with snow all year round, forming a natural barrier. With an altitude of 2,000 to 4,000 meters above sea level and an average annual temperature below zero, it is an insurmountable watershed between the three countries. Topographically, there is not a single mountain pass between this section of the Sino-Russian border that can be freely crossed.
At the same time, Kazakhstan was also part of the Soviet Union, so it is not true to say that this is a family left by the Soviet Union to go south into Xinjiang, in fact, the main purpose of the Sino-Russian border is to separate Mongolia and Kazakhstan, in the Qing Dynasty, Outer Mongolia and Kazakhstan are actually cut off, and the exchanges between the two places are also very close, they will migrate to each other seasonally, and the two sides rely on two mountain corridors to enter and exit each other. Therefore, in Kazakhstan. There are also many ethnic Mongols in the eastern part of Saxostan, and many Kazakhs in the western part of Outer Mongolia. With the gradual expansion of Tsarist Russia's power into Central Asia and Kazakhstan's accession to the Soviet Union, how to firmly control the land of Kazakhstan became a matter for the Soviet Union to consider. In the eastern part of Kazakhstan, the Soviet Union gradually exerted influence on Outer Mongolia and instigated the independence of Outer Mongolia. If more than 4.2 million square kilometers of land in Mongol and Han were still connected, it would be extremely detrimental to the Soviet Union's control of the two regions. Therefore, the Soviet Union plus Kazakhstan and Outer Mongolia two important passages were assigned to Russia, after all, Russia is the main part of the Soviet Union, and the more closed the two places become, the more dependent they will be on the Soviet Union, which is extremely important for the Soviet Union to control the two places.
In addition, once Kazakhstan's ethnic composition was very single, most of the population was Kazakh, so the Soviet Union in the name of compensation land, part of the Russian land to Kazakhstan, now most of the land in northwest Kazakhstan was once part of Russia, this land allocated to Kazakhstan has a very large number of Russians, once caused Kazakhstan's ethnic Russian population to exceed the Kazakh population, the Soviet Union tried to assimilate Kazakhstan, The goal of controlling Kazakhstan has been achieved. However, the USSR. Unexpectedly, the mighty Soviet Union suddenly collapsed in 1991, Kazakhstan became independent, and as a blessing in disguise, inherited vast territory and became the world's largest landlocked country. After the founding of the state, they set their capital at the Sino-Kazakh border city of Alamotu, a city in Transnikgu that has always been the largest and most prosperous city in Kazakhstan. In 1997, Kazakhstan moved its capital to Astana, a bitterly cold region, in order to control the ethnic Russian population in the northwestern part of the country. Therefore, although the Soviet Union created the status quo that the two countries did not border Mongolia and Han, it acquired vast territory for Kazakhstan, and it can be said that the wife of the loss and the army.