Do friends know when the world's first electric car was? You may not believe it, the world's earliest electric car was in the 20th year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, that is, in 1894. This should be the earliest new force to build cars, so do you still think that electric cars are something new?
Hybrid vehicles during the Qing Guangxu years
First, the earliest hybrid technology - born in the Qing Dynasty
In fact, as early as the last century, electric vehicles were hoisted by fuel vehicles. The reason why electric vehicles were eliminated in that year was the same as today, charging was inconvenient and the endurance was short. However, electric vehicles are like leeks, after cutting a stubble, after a while there will be another stubble.
In 1996, General Motors of the United States launched an electric vehicle- the EV1, which was longer than the Qing Dynasty model and could run more than 100 kilometers. But there is no egg use, or charging is inconvenient, the endurance is short, and it is still dry but the fuel vehicle. After a while, the leeks grew again. An electric car company called Tesla was established, just in time for countries around the world to propose the concept of carbon neutrality for environmental issues, and the fuel vehicle with smoke on the tail was the first to be targeted. As a result, countries have begun to send green cards, purchase tax exemptions, and huge subsidies like crazy, all to promote electric vehicles. So, without these promotions, the transformation of electric vehicles may once again fail. Because of the inconvenience of charging and the problem of short battery life, from the beginning of the Qing Dynasty to today's 21st century, it has never been fundamentally solved. So is electric vehicle really the future?
1996 General Purpose EV1
not necessarily! At least for now, electric vehicles are not as secure as hybrids. When it comes to hybrids, many people think that the world's first hybrid was the Toyota Pres, which came out in 1997. In fact, as early as the 24th year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, that is, in 1898, the world's first hybrid car had already appeared, and it was the work of Porsche. At that time, fuel vehicles and electric vehicles had just appeared, and Porsche was thinking about how to solve the problem of short battery life of electric vehicles, so it installed an engine on the electric vehicle and used it as a generator. The generator powers the motor, and the motor drives the wheels, so that the problem of short endurance is solved. If you want to have a longer battery life, just increase the fuel tank. To be honest, seeing here many friends may feel very familiar, isn't this the ideal ONE that has not been hot in recent years?
1997 Toyota Prius
This is the range extended hybrid that has been passed down from the Qing Dynasty to today. In fact, range extender hybrids are very common in our lives.
Second, range extender hybrid - commonly used in mining trucks
The world's largest engine, with a displacement of 25,480 liters, has 110,000 horsepower, 7.6 million Nm, and a 14-cylinder layout in an inline, with a single cylinder displacement of 1,820 liters. What is such a large engine used for?
In fact, this is a kind of marine slow engine, although the displacement is very large, but the speed is very low. The maximum speed is only 102 rpm, which is generally only used on giant freighters transporting goods. This thing is not to mention the fuel consumption of 100 kilometers, you can't afford to drink water, not to mention that it burns heavy oil. What is heavy oil? Heavy oil is a heavy oil that is left after crude oil has extracted gasoline and diesel, which is characterized by large molecular weight, high viscosity and low price. Conventionally powered aircraft carriers also use heavy fuel. That's not the larger the vehicle engine will be, of course not.
The world's largest engine
For example, many trucks are now electrically driven, especially mining trucks. With a load capacity of hundreds of tons, it requires a strong torque, and the power output characteristics of the motor are very suitable. Maximum torque can be achieved with just one step on the throttle. However, pure electric endurance is short, how do these trucks solve it? That is to install a generator in the car to power the battery. Many people have already discovered that this is not the extended range technology. Yes, range-extending technology has been used on locomotives, ships, buses and heavy trucks since very early on, so it's nothing new.
Mining heavy trucks
For example, a large truck, it spends almost all of its time loading, unloading, and driving at low speed. Driving at low speeds is a very efficient working condition for motors. When the truck is loaded and unloaded, the engine can start working to charge the battery, and it can be used for energy recovery when it goes downhill, and the same is true for buses. However, the range extender technology is used in ordinary household vehicles, in fact, the effect is not as cost-effective as that used in commercial vehicles, because family cars often drive at high speeds. Many people know that fuel vehicles run high speed is more fuel-efficient, but electric vehicles run high speed is very expensive, so there will be a lot of various hybrid technologies on the market. For example, series, parallel, series parallel, various connections. What is the difference between him and them?
Third, how to choose so much hybrid
People often ask me, there are so many types of hybrid vehicles on the market, which one is more reliable? In fact, it depends on whether it is reliable or not, depending on what you want. If you want power, the power of the extender hybrid is generally stronger, but the fuel consumption is not low. I know many people will definitely ask, is there a strong power, low fuel consumption? There really is. What is a hybrid first? Only a car with both an engine and an electric motor can be called a hybrid. It's like having two cooks, and when there are fewer guests, the manager asks the two cooks to take turns stir-frying. There are more guests, and the manager lets these two people work together, one person cuts, one person stirs, in order to maximize efficiency. Therefore, how to balance the relationship between the engine and the electric motor is the key factor in evaluating the quality of a hybrid vehicle.
Chery range extender engine
The manager of this assigned task is called an electromechanical coupling system in a hybrid system. We take GAC Trumpchi's GMC 2.0 hybrid system as an example, the 2.0 ATK hybrid special engine, the use of a lot of technology. Like DLC coating, exhaust gas recirculation, intelligent thermal management and much more. But you don't need to know this, you just need to know that its thermal efficiency of 42.1% is a very exaggerated value. With a good engine, you have to have a good electromechanical coupling system to distribute power. At present, most manufacturers' electromechanical coupling systems are single gears, while GAC's GMC is two gears. What are the benefits of adding a gear?
Trumpchi Shadow Cool
Let me give you an example, for example, when driving high-speed, many people know to run high-speed and save fuel, why? Because of this working condition, the efficiency of the engine is very high. At this time, the electromechanical coupling system of the hybrid will completely hand over the wheels to the engine, but if you only have one gear, it is obvious that the engine speed will be very high. Friends who have driven manual gears should know what it is like to run 60 in a gear, noisy and expensive. Therefore, at this time, the electromechanical coupling system with two-speed Trumpchi GMC hybrid will put the engine in a more efficient working range, so that the energy consumption of the whole vehicle is lower and the power is stronger. And because it uses the FORM of AT, the shift action will be more supple. Of course, the more gears, the better, and the weight size and cost of each additional gear will increase accordingly, but the performance will not increase linearly with the increase of gears. The two-speed transmission is the result of detailed testing and analysis by GAC Motor.
Trumpchi GS8
When we drive an ordinary fuel vehicle, we will evaluate whether the gearbox of a car is smart enough, and in the hybrid car, it is actually the electromechanical coupling system that is not smart enough. For example, when you are stuck in traffic, you must use pure electric drive to drive the most fuel economy; when overtaking, it must be the engine and electric motor that work together most rapidly. This is a test of the cleverness of the electromechanical coupling system. The intelligent energy management strategy of Trumpchi GMC Hybrid can plan the drive mode according to real-time navigation road conditions and power consumption. For example, when congestion is caused, reduce the frequent intervention of the engine and drive as purely electrically as possible. When accelerating at the urban elevated and medium-high speed, the tandem range increase mode or the engine direct drive low gear mode is adopted; when driving at high speed, the engine direct drive and high gear mode are used.
Trumpchi Shadow Cool
Unlike the much-identical pure electric models, hybrid models have a variety of different technical routes. Different technical routes lead to completely different outcomes. In fact, most car companies are gambling, betting that the technical route they choose will become the mainstream in the future. There is no shortcut to success, and if the car company takes a more road, the user can walk less.