Weihai has a long history and is well-known. From ancient times to the present, in this beautiful land, many stories have happened. In order to tell the story of Weihai and inherit the culture of Weihai, the chief editor of the Weihai Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference published the book "Weihai in the Story", which collected and sorted out a series of good stories from the themes of regional memory, family imprint, historical past, cultural celebrities, political officials, and iron bones in the battlefield. From now on, we will set up a special topic to serialize the stories in the book, welcome to pay attention!
Chapter Four 丨Cultural Celebrities 丨
"Dong Qiao's Hermitage in the West Mountain"
Text: Yin Rujin
One evening after the frost fell in the seventeenth year of Ming Chongzhen (1642), a heavy fog shrouded Rongcheng Weide Mountain. At this time, a gloomy traveler, in the twilight sky, walked alone in the remnants of The Weide Mountain, the West Mountain (now Wangjia Mountain, Slang Island Town, Rongcheng City). At this time, the West Mountain has long been thinned by the autumn wind. The infinite scenery of the mountains and rivers here is just the spring breeze of this traveler's future. The Western Mountains at the moment are full of withering. In the vast twilight fog, facing the dry mountains and thin waters of late autumn, this traveler seemed to have thousands of emotions in his chest in exhaustion, and his expression appeared to be sad but solemn. He sat down on a rock with him, took out a dry cigarette bag and put a pot on it, and smoked it silently. Twilight Travelers pondered for a long time. I don't know how many things he smoked a few bags of cigarettes and thought about, in the twilight of the mountains, you can see that his expression has gradually changed from the previous pity and solemnity to the indifferent and relieved. When he stood up and casually slapped the dirt and dust on his body, he laughed to himself.
That night, the traveler found a bamboo temple in the depths of the Western Mountains. In the morning, he wrote a five-word poem that he had recited in the night, laying out a pen and paper: "Poverty and sorrow, decay and illness." The autumn color of the sac is old, and Lu Jiu is old and close. The red coat tree of Xueli, the stream and the mountain illuminate the late people. Where lao lao is, self-conscious stone spring clear. ”
Who is this traveler? Why is it so lonely and depressed? Why did you brave the autumn wind and cold to come alone to this inaccessible dry water and thin mountain?
The origin of the matter must start from the "change of Jiashen" in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
"The change of Jiashen", the Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains, the dynasty changed, and the Ming Dynasty withered away. This made the loyal people of the Ming Dynasty full of grief and indignation, and many Ming officials and intellectuals vowed to "never be clean." For example, there are many people in Changning Xizhuangyuan, Hunan Province, who "do not stand up to the Qing Dynasty with their heads and do not step on the land of the Qing Dynasty with their feet". The lone traveler mentioned earlier is one of these people who cling to the feelings of the past dynasty.
Traveler's name is Dong Qiao (東樵), formerly known as Zhenqi (振起), Ziqiao Valley (樵谷), Yinggu (莺谷), East Lake (東湖), later renamed Zhu Shanqiao (朱山樵), a native of Xiaotaozhang Village in Laiyang, Shandong, and a resident of Laiyang in the late Ming Dynasty. He was taught by his father since childhood, read a lot of books, and worked in poetry.
◎Source: Rongcheng Cultural Tourism
Dong Qiao had positive political ambitions in his early years, hoping to make contributions to the country with his talents and learning. After the great change in Jiashen, his will gradually weakened. Coupled with the long-term inability to change the identity of the sentient beings, making it difficult to display his talents, this made his mood more depressed and depressed, and he drifted around, and even lived in seclusion.
Secluded and secluded, in ancient China was respected by the world, the hermits thus enjoyed a very high honor, there are many words of praise, people praise them "jade hui ice clean" "light life and heavy road, the world is rare", worship them maverick, indifferent, open-eyed magnates, dung prince. Therefore, some readers who did not have a smooth career, could not pass the examination, and were cynical, became hermits and lived in seclusion in the mountains and forests. In fact, some of them are truly indifferent to fame and fortune and live in seclusion, some are rebellious acts due to cynicism, some are escaping from reality, and even more are using this to sell their reputation and reputation.
Cain and Shi are relative concepts, and Dong Qiao's seclusion is completely different from the above. Daoguang's Rongcheng County Chronicle commented on him this way: "... Mr. With the name of the tree, also with the character of the tree, the empty mountain is not connected with the world, the name of the fleeing city is xie, and the Ming Dynasty is only one person. This righteous man who was indifferent to fame and fortune, full of his homeland, and bent on restoring the Qing Dynasty not only vowed to be "not clean", but also practiced "not to be clean". There are historical records: in the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648) and the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661), the peasant anti-Qing war led by Yu Qi broke out in Qixia, Shandong, and Dong Qiao twice personally participated in the rebel army of Yu Qi(Qi Jiguang's grandson) and served as a strategist. In order to avoid persecution by the Qing court, Dong Qiao changed his name and surname, mixed with fishing, and lived in seclusion.
Dong Qiao first moved from Laiyang east to Songjiao in Ninghai Prefecture (present-day Muping District, Yantai), then to Rongcheng Chengshan in the East China Sea, and finally to the west of the Rongcheng Weide Mountain Range for a long time.
At this time, it was late autumn, and Mr. Dong Qiao Dong, who had no choice but to repeatedly choose to live in a secluded place, was in a mood like the smog in the sky, gray and gloomy, which could be described as sad. Full of tired nostalgia and nostalgia for homesickness and the love complex of "greeting" with old friends, he wrote sullenly: "Aging thinks about the past, luxury changes the world." In the helplessness of lamenting the sudden change of the world, there is a bitter taste of drinking alone.
Dong Qiao, who is indifferent to fame and fortune, lives in seclusion in the Western Mountains, slowly relieving his leisurely feelings and chaotic mood of being concerned about his old dynasty. Xishan Mountain is deeply forested and lush with pines, oranges, mulberries, locusts and persimmons, chestnuts, springs, cuckoos and waterfalls in the mountains, strange peaks and strange rocks... There are many natural scenes that make him linger. He immersed himself in the mountains and meditated on the water, cultivated quietly, and wrote poems and lyrics in his leisurely time, which on the surface seemed to be a leisurely and self-reliant life of seclusion.
◎ Source: Weihai in the Story
However, this hermit poet seems to be single-mindedly secluded and loves landscapes and landscapes to compose poetry, but in fact he has not been completely "born" and devoted himself to seclusion. The inability to display his personal political ambitions and his deep feelings of home and country have made him unforgettable from beginning to end. This is expressed in many of his landscape poems, either directly expressive or implicitly euphemistic:
"Idle Steps": "The sun is short and the years are at ease everywhere." The usual rough noodles were left for hospitality, and the old farmer asked the old farmer after considering the mulberry. Xue ji steps in addition to the birds and finches, the Moon Ming River sea lying fish dragon. I like to see the cultivation of bamboo as promised, do not wait for the three spring flowers to be strong. ”
"Seashore": "The poor mountains of the earth are also exhausted, and the sky is far away and the white clouds are flat." The mirage city moved to Long Island, and the wolf beacon hidden city. The waterfowl is more sunny, and the sea is brighter on the evening. Isn't it true that the south wind is solved? Labor is self-indulgent. ”
Although the title of the poem is "idle walking", although the poem says that "the years are relaxed everywhere", but the kind of hatred and sorrow brought to him by the domination of the country by others, how can the "south wind" solve it? Since there is no solution, it can only be "hard work and self-indulgence". However, the poet is not willing to be drunk for a long time, he compares himself to the "Moon Ming River Sea Lying Fish Dragon" and the Qing Void "Xiu Zhu", saying that he is like the sun on the sea, the brighter it is in the evening ("The sea is brighter and brighter"), and his ambition is self-evident.
◎Source: Rongcheng Cultural Tourism
Dong Qiao's feelings of home and country, the spirit of a true hermit, and his outstanding poetic and literary talents were highly respected by the people of the times. The early Qing Dynasty calligrapher Yu Sifu once said an inspirational word to Dong Qiao: Mo'an grass is a flowing apartment, so that the whole scale can be started in large quantities. It was written as a Yang Lian, in order to indicate that Dong Qiao was not willing to live in peace, but at the moment to wait for the opportunity to do things, Kuang Ming's lofty ambitions to restore the homeland of Daming; in the fourteenth year of Shunzhi (1657), the painter Xihu Dai Cang personally painted "Wild Tree Map" for Dong Qiao.
After Dong Qiao lived in seclusion in Xishan, many celebrities actively approached him and were proud of him. At that time, the famous scholar Zhao Shizhe took his son and the famous scholar Li Yihu with his family and volunteered to come to Rongcheng West Mountain to work and write with Dong Qiao, accompanied by him day and night. The famous scholar Song Lian, who moved to The West Mountain and Dong Qiao became close friends. Laiyang Ming's zhusheng Qushu also gave up his Confucian clothes and lived in seclusion with Dong Qiao.
While dong qiao planted trees with these friends and composed flowers and poems, he also made friends with other literary friends in the world and sang with them. Among them were Song Jicheng, who was once known as one of the "Sages of the Southern Kingdom", the realist poet Xu Ye, the "Xuancheng School" poet Shen Bi, the general editor of the "Jiangnan Tongzhi" He Huan, the historian and literary scholar Wu Sugong, the astronomer and mathematician Mei Wending, and the Suzhou Huqiu Lingyan Temple Hongchu Zen Master.
Friends came and sang and encouraged them, bringing great comfort and warmth to Dong Qiao's soul.
In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Shizhen, a poet from Huantai County in Shandong Province, who was also a poet leader with Zhu Yizun, the founder of the Zhejiang Western School of Words, and was collectively known as the "King of Southern Zhubei", met Dong Qiao when he was a professor of Chengshan Wei and became friends. Wang Shizhen greatly appreciated Dong Qiao's indifference to fame and fortune, his lack of seeking fame and fortune, and his heart for the bright festival of gaofeng in his homeland, calling Dong Qiao a "High Priest of the East China Sea", and wrote a poem to send a message to Dong Qiao: "Wen Bu Kun's house, living in a few years later." The human population is divided into mirages, and the sea is out of autumn. The shimaya is idle fishing, and Yamada is on plowing late. On the day of the chaos, the White Society fled alone. Dong Qiao replied, "Don't be alarmed, your face is white and your hair is even more." Jun huai is generous, and the world is long cloudy and sunny. The vicissitudes of the sea look at the carp, and the white clouds drive the deer to cultivate. In order to shame the city well, keep the old farmer's name. Dong Qiao replied very modestly - "To be ashamed to flood the city well, to keep the name of the old farmer", but he was not willing to be patient, expressing his lofty ambition and ambition of "looking at the kunhua in the vicissitudes of the sea".
How can a poet full of feelings of home and country be willing to live in seclusion in the mountains and forests forever and not ask about the world?! In fact, the fire of hope in his chest that was anti-Clear and restored to the light had not been extinguished from beginning to end!
Dong Qiao has lived in seclusion in Rongcheng West Mountain for more than 40 years, wandering through rongcheng mountains and rivers, and his mind has gradually become idle and scattered unconsciously. During this period, he created a large number of landscape idyllic poems, depicting the beauty of nature while exuding the interest of living in seclusion. For example, the famous "Cloud Light Cave", "The landscape is really a good thing, and it is not easy to pass." Come to the vanity of the people, I intend to tie the pavilion. Hanging low cloud trees, open windows near the stars. The wind is fine, and it is left for the bright moon to listen. "It is a unique five-word sentence that praises the chakra mountain. Another example is "Autumn Hope": "The coastal ruins are thin, and the pine forests are green." The mountain spring children are counted, and the wild women are returned. Birds compete for remnants, cattle and sheep scatter near the edge. Autumn frost is picturesque, mostly in front of the green peak. But in fact, he still has the feelings of home and country, he does not forget to send his home and country to the landscape, to convey righteousness to words, and to speak and to poetry, as can be seen in the above-mentioned "Seashore" and "Idle Steps". At this time, his poems are clear and bright, which is related to his good mood.
◎Source: Rongcheng Cultural Tourism
However, in the poet's poems in his later years, although the poetic style is not obviously different, the momentum has diminished, and his past ambitions are not very strong, and there are sometimes sighs and envy of others: "Shame I am sent to the sea, so the people built a grand plan on the shores of the sky." It is not difficult to see that a kind of ambitious and helpless mood wanders in loneliness and is tied up in a low voice.
Under the cold cold moon, the west wind blew through the hut, Dong Qiao was torn and cold, alone with a lone lamp, the white note on the table was not dried, and the ink stains remained on it to flash black light like an unknown world outside the door, but there was still a ray of hope shining in his eyes, but as the moon sank in the west, this light soon dimmed. What surrounded and enveloped him was still the boundless silence, the coldness, and the resentment and sorrow that the Mountains and Rivers of Daming could not be restored...
According to the "Rongcheng Cultural Overview", Dong Qiao died in the twenty-sixth year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1687). Because of the admiration for Dong Qiao's "talent and integrity", "many local officials and famous literati and scholars have gone to Dong Qiao Xishan to pay their respects." In the fifty-first year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1712), Professor Wang Ping of Chengshan Wei, Shen Tingfang of Denglai Qingdao in the Tenth Year of Qianlong (1745), Song Shengxian of Rongcheng County in the Seventh Year of Jiaqing (1802), and Zhou Yaoting, a water master of Rongcheng in the eleventh year of Daoguang (1831), all admired Dong Qiao's talent and integrity, and wrote nostalgic poems in the historical records.
Dong Qiao was a famous poet in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Dong Qiao's historical relics and writings, especially the integrity he showed in his lifetime, were later successively included in Yongzheng's "Wendeng County Chronicle", Daoguang's "Wendeng County Chronicle", Daoguang's "Rongcheng County Chronicle", Xuantong's "Shandong Tongzhi", the Republic of China's "Laiyang County Chronicle", "Rongcheng County Chronicle" and many other historical collections of poetry manuscripts, as well as many ancient celebrity scholars. As a result, future generations have the privilege of being able to appreciate and remember.
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Producer: Yin Hongjun
Chief Editor on Duty: Wang Lan
Review: Sun Meiling
Text: Yin Rujin
Intern Editor: Xin Wang
Source: Weihai in the Story