In the long river of 5,000 years of history in China, there are countless national treasures, which are the crystallization of the people's wisdom and the witness of historical changes. Since the first museum was established in the mainland in 1905, there have been cultural relics and antiques in it, but there are still a large number of cultural relics scattered among the people.
These scattered folk treasures are often not well protected, and the exquisite calligraphy and paintings are disfigured due to improper preservation by insect moths, bronzes are cleaned with sulfuric acid and rust... There are many such cases, and more cultural relics are dusted by the fact that the owner does not understand its value.
It goes down in history but can't be found
In the thirteenth time in "Dream of the Red Chamber", there is such a sentence, "Just listen to the cloud plate coming out of the second door, and knock four times in a row, it is the sound of mourning." "
The "cloud plate" mentioned in this is a flat iron piece in the shape of a cloud head at both ends, which was used as a signal for the gathering of newspapers and was first used in temples, and was used by monks to gather monks to inform them of activities such as eating suhoor.
It is also recorded in the qing dynasty history books that the cloud board can be used as an alarm device in the military, and after detecting the enemy army, the cloud plate is knocked on to report the letter.
The "Manchu Old Archives" records that in 1618 AD, a small group of Ming troops wanted to sneak into the city of Hetuala at night, but 10 kilometers away from the city of Hetuala, they were found by the outpost sent by Nurhaci, and the outpost immediately sounded the cloud board, and the alarm sounded quickly to the city of Hetuala, Nurhaci organized a soldier and horse defense, and the Ming army failed in the sneak attack.
Archaeologists have found through the reading of documents that in the Song Dynasty, the cloud plate was widely used as a communication tool, and in the Qing Taizu period, the cloud plate used was made of pig iron, the pig iron was hard, and the sound of tapping was spread more widely.
Because pig iron is more likely to rust, very few have been preserved in history, especially the cloud plate in the Nurhaci period of the Qing Taizu, which has always stayed in the history books, and many archaeologists have searched for many years but have never been traced.
Thirty years later, he appeared at Mountain Elementary School
In 1955, a staff member of the Imperial Palace in Shenyang went to the countryside to investigate the countryside of Haicheng, Liaoning, and overheard a knocking sound, which attracted the attention of experts, and after asking the local villagers, they learned that the sound came from a nearby primary school and was the bell for students to and from class.
The sound was not as thick as the ancient bell, nor as loud as the electric bell used in other schools, and the staff came to the school with a strong curiosity, saw an iron plate under the eaves of the school, and after asking the principal, they learned that the crisp and melodious sound just now came from.
The two sides of this iron plate are rolled up, shaped like a cloud, the pattern on the iron plate is exquisite, and there is an inscription in the middle, he carefully observed the pattern and text on the iron plate, and hurriedly asked the principal to take off the iron plate.
Then holding the iron plate carefully rubbed the pattern, only to see that the pattern on the iron plate is extremely elaborate, the two lines inscribed in the middle of the plate body can still be faintly recognized, and the book "Great Golden Mandate of Heaven Decay Hai Nian Cast Niuzhuang City".
The staff was overjoyed, and this iron plate was most likely recorded in the history books, so they negotiated with the principal to replace the iron plate with a newly purchased bell.
The cloud plate he brought back was identified as one of the cloud plates cast during the Nurhaci period of 30 years of painstaking searching, and Nurhaci realized the importance of the cloud plate in the war after entering Liaodong, and used the cloud plate to alarm the defense line of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
At that time, the casting technology of Niuzhuang City Iron in southern Liaoning was very mature, and after Nurhaci rebuilt Niuzhuang City, a batch of metal cloud plates were cast here.
Most of the cloud plates were damaged in the war, but although the cloud plate recovered by the staff of the Imperial Palace in Shenyang was hung in the school as a bell for decades, it was well preserved and became an important basis for studying history.
After weathering the wind and frost, the museum is home
The post-gold cloud plate recovered from the school was poured in one go with pig iron, with a total height of 55.5 cm, a thickness of 1.2 cm and a weight of 12.5 kg. The upper and lower parts are cloud-shaped, and the plate body is long strips.
The cloud plate is exquisitely shaped, and in the shape of the upper part of the cloud, there are cast round holes for easy hanging through the rope,
The cloud plate is cast on both sides, one of which is cast only with a small floral ornament at the lower cloud head.
On the other side, the upper and lower parts of the cloud shape are cast with patterns, the cloud head is cast with a raised flower, the lower center of both sides of the cloud plate is cast with circular bumps, the bumps are thick and wear-resistant, used to knock is not easy to damage, the bumps around the petal pattern decoration, the entire board surface is simple and gorgeous.
The long strip of the board has two lines of Chinese characters engraved on one side, and on the right is "Dajin Tianfeng" on the left side, and on the left side is "Hai nian zhu niu zhuang" There is a "city" character under the two lines. These words are in italics, which on the one hand indicates the origin of this cloud plate, and on the other hand, it also shows the mature casting techniques at that time.
After many archaeological scientists have examined it, the story of the houjin cloud board gradually emerged in front of people. After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, this cloud plate was placed in front of the Niuzhuang Inspection Gate, and during the Republic of China, it was sent to Haicheng Tashan Park for safekeeping by people of insight.
After the Japanese army captured the three eastern provinces, it caused a long period of chaos, and the cloud plate disappeared during this period, and when it was rediscovered, it had become the bell of a small school in a remote mountain village.
Today, this piece of post-gold metal gold metal is collected in the Palace Museum in Shenyang, and has been rated as a national first-class cultural relic by experts, and it only lies quietly there, which takes people back to the era of Jinge Iron Horse hundreds of years ago, and it is also a manifestation of the wisdom and smelting technology of the ancient working people.
When the Shenyang Imperial Palace selected the treasure of the "Ten Town Palaces" of the Shenyang Imperial Palace, this post-gold metal cloud plate was selected as one of the "Ten Treasures of the Ten Town Palaces of the Imperial Palace of Shenyang" by virtue of its rarity, and it is a genuine national treasure-level cultural relic.
However, to this day we still have a large number of cultural relics that cannot be properly kept. In the last century, there were even cultural relics dealers who bought antiques in the countryside for resale and made huge profits; the Great Jade Sea in the Yuan Dynasty was not known, and a national heavy weapon was used as a pickle jar in the Qing Dynasty.
The bronze statue of the horse head in the Yuanmingyuan, the ten bronze windows of the bronze hall of baoyunge in the Summer Palace, the stone carved Buddha statues in the Longmen Grottoes, the Dagu Iron Bell in the Qing Dynasty and other cultural relics that have been lost overseas have gone through ups and downs, and many cultural relics are still wandering outside, and every mention can cause the grief of generations.
Cultural relics are a display of a historical time civilization, which shows the progress of science and technology in an era, and is also the carrier of an era culture, and a large number of cultural relics are excavated from the ground, showing us one brilliant civilization after another.
Nowadays, the completion of one museum after another is the respect of our generation for history and culture, and through the preservation, restoration and exhibition of cultural relics, across time and space, and dialogue with history, they play a huge role in promoting the process of social development.