Dialect business card
The Shenzhen-Shantou Cooperation Zone occupies rice dialect
Area: Ebu Town, Shenzhen-Shantou Cooperation Zone, located in the semi-mountainous area at the junction of Shanwei Haifeng and Huizhou Huidong, with more than 30,000 residents speaking Cham rice.
Features: The Cham dialect in the former Haifeng area should be a mixed dialect with the characteristics of Cantonese, Hakka and Hokkien. The formation of this mixed dialect is not unrelated to the ancestors who went south to Shanwei Haifeng.
People who talk a lot and are talkative are called "rice sieve gods", and thin and strong people are called "thin vines".
This humorous vernacular comes from a small town "surrounded" by Hakka and Fulao dialects, Ebu Town in the Shenzhen-Shantou Cooperation Zone. The dialect spoken by 80% of the residents here is independent of the Min and Hakka dialects, which sounds like Cantonese and is different from the typical Cantonese, which the locals call "Cham Rice Dialect".
Recently, Nandu and N video reporters interviewed Wu Fang, a dialect scholar who has investigated the Zhanmi dialect in Ebu Town for many times and an associate professor at the School of Humanities of Shenzhen University. Wu Fang felt during many visits that the residents who spoke Chammi dialect had a high degree of identification with the "GooseBu people". "The people of Ebu love to speak Cham rice. An environment of communication is essential for the survival and development of a small dialect. ”
It is distributed in many places in eastern Guangdong, adjacent to the Ke and Min dialect areas
Ebu Town in eastern Guangdong is located in the semi-mountainous area at the junction of Shanwei Haifeng and Huizhou Huidong, bordering the area where residents who speak Fulao dialect and Hakka dialect are concentrated. There are more than 30,000 residents here, speaking a Chamian dialect that is different from the Min and Hakka dialects.
Nandu reporter learned that Zhan Mi generally refers to "Indica Rice", which is relatively hard compared to glutinous rice. According to legend, the dialect here sounds more "hard" than the Cantonese and Fulao dialects of the neighboring areas, so it is referred to as "Chammi".
In addition to Ebu Town, in Shanwei Haifeng Meilong, Gongmen, Chishi and other places, there are also a small number of villages that speak rice. In some villages in The towns of Jilong and Tiechong in Huidong County, which are adjacent to Ebu Town, more than 40,000 residents speak Cham rice dialect, and there are also several villages scattered in Shenzhen's Pingshan New District, where a few villagers still speak this "niche" dialect.
Wu Fang told the Nandu reporter that although it is closely adjacent in distribution, Chamomi dialect is not a sub-dialect of Fulao dialect or Hakka dialect. She analyzed that the Cham dialect in the former Haifeng area should be a mixed dialect with the characteristics of Cantonese, Hakka and Minnan. The formation of this mixed dialect is not unrelated to the ancestors who went south to Shanwei Haifeng.
The Hailufeng History and Culture Series records that folklore says that people who spoke Cham rice dialect first flowed into eastern Guangdong from the Ming Dynasty. Beginning in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, people of all ethnic groups fled to live in the Haifeng and Huidong areas due to the failure of the uprising, and mixed with local residents who spoke Hokkien and Hakka. In the long evolution and language contact, the Chamian dialect mixed with multiple dialects was slowly formed.
Thin and sturdy people are called "skinny vines"
"According to the overall dialect characteristics of the Ghbu Chami dialect, it should be a Cantonese language." Wu Fang introduced to the Nandu reporter that in terms of pronunciation, Zhan Mi dialect retains a large number of Cantonese characteristics. The Cantonese vocabulary is also very strong, such as flies are pronounced as "black flies" and photographs are pronounced as "shadow photos".
The Internal Differences in The Chami dialects distributed in many parts of eastern Guangdong are not much different, and the vocabulary of the Cham Mi dialects has also incorporated some surrounding dialect components. For example, "heart and liver head" is used to represent the chest, and "sleeping bed" is used to represent the bed for sleeping, which is consistent with the FuLao dialect; the heifer is said to be "calf", and surprise is said to be "frightened", which is similar to Hakka.
"Post-80s" Chen Simei is a native of Shanwei and can speak Cantonese and Fulao dialect. When she was a master's student at Shantou University, she wrote her mother's mother's mother dialect, Zhanmi dialect, into a master's thesis, in which the pronunciation of her mother and uncle was used as a sample. She introduced that as an independent dialect, Zhan Mi dialect has some unique vocabulary characteristics, such as "belly", Cantonese, Hakka dialect read "belly", Zhan Mi dialect is generally "belly" and "belly" are used together, and stomach hunger will be expressed as "belly hunger".
The Chami dialect also refers to specific groups of people. Chen Simei told the Nandu reporter that these words mostly borrowed items with corresponding characteristics for metaphor, such as calling people who are weak and sick "medicine poppies", people with many words and words as "rice sieves", miserly people as "iron rats", thin and strong people as "thin vines" and so on.
Chen Simei, who often travels to her grandmother's house in Ebu Town, told Nandu reporters that in their daily lives, it is inevitable that the Ebu people who speak Chammi dialect will have to communicate with residents who speak Fulao, Hakka, and Cantonese. In long-term economic and trade exchanges and cultural exchanges, they can generally understand and even skillfully use one of the three dialects of Cantonese, Fujian and Hakka, or even all of them.
However, the Ebu people still tend to speak Cham rice in the local area. FuLao, Hakka and Cantonese are more often used as "alternate dialects" when interacting with people outside the town.
Many Ebu people insist on speaking the mother dialect of Chammi
In 2011, Ebu Town, which originally belonged to Shanwei Haifeng, was assigned to the Shenzhen-Shantou Special Cooperation Zone and became the central urban area of the Shenzhen-Shantou Cooperation Zone, which is under the administrative jurisdiction of Shenzhen Planning. Wu Fang and Chen Simei have the same view - the "new Shenzhen people" living here are still "people who speak Cham rice" for their identity.
"It is for this reason that we believe that the development of this small dialect is still relatively 'fresh'. Although the number of people who speak Chammi is not too large, the population is relatively concentrated, so there is an environment for speaking this dialect, which is crucial for the survival and development of a small dialect. Wu Fang said.
Chamomi dialect is a small dialect, and the oral literature with it as a carrier is not small. The "Four-Way Lian" that is sung in the form of poetry is one of them, and every seven words are formed into a sentence, and every four sentences are formed into a paragraph, forming a rhyme. For example, in the "Tea Picking Song", "Picking tea in March is dark, the upper garden picks the lower garden, the garden picks the tea garden while selling, and everyone says that the sister sells tea first." ”
If the text of the "four-way alliance" is like poetry, then another kind of oral "white mouth connection" is more grounded. Also a seven-character sentence, "White Mouth Union" is more like a spit song that people improvise.
Even more traces of literary scrutiny are the flower note songs passed down by the local elderly male literati. This kind of folk song originated from the works created by the Wooden Fish Song in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties in Guangdong.
Wu Fang introduced to the Nandu reporter that due to the lack of text records, the singing methods and lyrics of the flower note songs vary from person to person, mostly for elderly men over 60 years old, and for some sporadic flower notes songs, they can only sing a few paragraphs from memory. However, some literati have copied a total of 32 singing words of their own singing method, the title is "Flower Note Song", such a folk song is like singing, telling the story of the Song Dynasty Suzhou scholar and the official eunuch Miss falling in love.
It reads: "People talk about the heavens tonight will be cowboy, think carefully about the best days and there will be ... As long as the firm heart and patience are in pairs, the mountains and rivers can gather mercilessly, and the amorous people who believe in each other are willing to forget each other, but I hope that those who are heavy in the world will not abandon the wilderness halfway. ”