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In China, Northeast China and Guangdong are two strange existences, the three northeastern provinces are like one province, and due to different languages, different living habits and other reasons, Guangdong Province looks like three provinces!
Part.1
Cantonese: Cantonese, Chaoshan, Hakka
Miss Ke from Foshan and Mr. Fu from Shantou met for the first time, and after a warm greeting, the two began to communicate cordially in Mandarin.
This phenomenon is not uncommon in Guangdong. (Knock on the blackboard to draw the key points: learn to "boil winter melon", walk all over Guangdong is not afraid!) ）
Although Cantonese is a representative language of Guangdong, there are huge differences in the distribution of languages in Guangdong Province, not only Cantonese, which is commonly known as vernacular, but also Chaoshan dialect and Hakka dialect. Yes, basically no one can understand anyone...
The difference in languages within the province is the main reason why Guangdong looks like three provinces.
Orthodox Cantonese generally refers to the Cantonese spoken by Cantonese people, commonly known as vernacular, and overseas Tang dialect, which is the tvB Cantonese that everyone is familiar with. It is located in the Pearl River Delta, central Guangdong, western Guangdong and parts of northern Guangdong, centered on Guangzhou.
▲Orange is cantonese area, green is Hakka dialect area, red is Chaozhou dialect area (source: Zhong Chinese dialect atlas)
On the one hand, Cantonese inherits and retains the characteristics of ancient Chinese, on the other hand, it also absorbs some southern non-Chinese components, which are quite different from Mandarin, Chaoshan dialect and Hakka dialect.
In the 1990s, when Hong Kong movies were very popular, most of them had to be dubbed in Mandarin to be released when they spread to the mainland.
▲“ngo5 duk6 syu1 siu2 ，nei5 m4 hou2 aak1 ngo5 ！ "From Bruce Lee's "Jingwumen"
Some people may ask, is the vernacular and Chaoshan dialect in Guangdong Province a brother language? Yes, but only as a cousin.
Chaoshan dialect belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family - Chinese ethnicity - Min language - Chaoshan piece, Most of the Chaoshan dialect is used in the eastern Guangdong region, geographically closer to Fujian Province, belongs to the Minnan language family.
It turns out that Hu Jiancai is the eldest brother, and I hope that the Guangdong people will stop eating indiscriminately in the future!
To add a little knowledge, Minnan is also known as Heluo dialect, Heluo refers to the Central Plains Heluo region (Yellow River, Luoshui Basin), so the Chaoshan dialect of the Minnan language family and The Minnan language are called the "living fossils" of ancient Chinese.
The same sentence is spoken in Mandarin (yes, ordinary Hebei people are the most common Mandarin), Cantonese, Chaoshan dialect and Hakka dialect:
Luan Pingren: The cup was broken!
Guangzhou people: only cups of people to beat up!
Shantou people: knock out the cups!
Meizhou people: Than the di bing fight ah bad!
Luan Pingren: He was killed!
Shantou people: Yifen people cut (rule) off!
Guangzhou people: The beggars kill the people!
Meizhou people: You (several) soldiers killed ah!
It can be seen from this that although Chaoshan dialect and Cantonese are in the same Guangdong, everyone still uses "pot winter melon" to communicate.
Compared with Chaoshan dialect, Hakka, another mainstream language in Guangdong, will be closer to the vernacular. At the same time, Hakka Mandarin is the best among Cantonese.
Different from vernacular and Chaoshan dialects, Hakka dialects are widely distributed and relatively scattered, and they are incompatible with Cantonese and Chaoshan regions, and are slightly weaker than the other two languages, so Hakka has become one of the fastest declining languages in the world.
Hakka dialect has a long history and was initially finalized in the Southern Song Dynasty. However, whether it belongs to the following aspects of the Chinese language is still inconclusive, but Hakka has been listed as one of the seven major dialects in China. (Not black, no blowing, seven major dialects, Guangdong accounts for three, xixi)
▲Hakka version of "Yanxi Raiders" Source: @TVB New Drama Company
Cantonese and Chaoshan dialects, although not interchangeable, retain the pronunciation of Middle Chinese. If cantonese and Chaoshan dialects have to be corresponded to the phonetics of ancient Chinese, then according to the Taiwanese scholar Qiu Xiancong, by analogy, the Chaoshan dialect of the Minnan family is basically the Shang language of the three generations, and Cantonese is Zhou.
Chaoshan dialect retains part of the pre-Qin dialect of Henan, while Cantonese retains part of the pre-Qin dialect of Shaanxi. Is it not an instant to feel that the Cantonese people are designed, and the Skr people are powerful?
Part.2
Cantonese cuisine: Cantonese, Chaoshan, Hakka
When encountering Cantonese people, people will always inadvertently throw out three heavenly questions: (poke the super chain answer)
I haven't studied China's 34 provinces carefully, what are they like? However, the similarity between Guangdong Province and chicken legs can be said to have reached 95%, and the name of "big eating province" is not virtual! In terms of diet and living habits, Guangdong is also like three provinces.
▲ Guangdong, a province that smells very fragrant
"Glue themselves" Chaoshan people
Chaoshan people live near the sea, mostly fishermen, and they believe in Mazu for a long time, so they have a strong sense of religion. At the same time, the Chaoshan people have a more obvious marine personality, a very pioneering and adventurous spirit, a sense of unity, and are good at business.
Therefore, they have the name of "Oriental Jews", believing that "three points are destined for heaven, and seven points rely on hard work" is the true portrayal of chaoshan people.
▲ Big mistake
In a sense, Chao Cai is a rookie that has sprung up in recent years. Even at the 2010 Shanghai World Expo, it was actually a trendy dish!
▲ Chaoshan beef hot pot, hungry...
Chaoshan daily diet is mainly "seafood", and most famous Teochew dishes are famous for "pickling" and "Chaozhou cold".
In the early days, fishing boats sometimes took ten and a half days to return to sea at a time, and the boats drifted at sea, so that the harvested seafood would not stink and rot, and the fishermen would dry or salt the seafood on the docked islands and bring them back.
In the matter of drinking tea, Chaoshan people are also very particular.
First, fill a small clay pot (jar) with oolong tea and water, and put it on a small charcoal stove or a small alcohol stove to boil. After the tea is boiled, take the teapot and make a circular movement on the 3 porcelain cups with the finished glyph, commonly known as "Guan Gong Patrol City", and then fill each small cup in turn, and finally "Han Xin Dianbing" put away, at this time you can pick up the small teacup full of aroma and slowly taste.
Three good student Hakka
The Hakka people nest on the mountains and eat more wild game in the mountains, while the spirit of the Hakka people is a legacy of the Song Dynasty, and they read more and joined the army and politics.
▲Hakka dialect
The Hakka have such a nursery rhyme that says: "Toad Luo, clucking; reading, no wife", and it is a Confucian cultural concept to regard reading in anger and marriage and starting a family as a causal relationship.
Because most of the Hakka people live in the mountains, so eat more mountain game, another rough style of Cantonese cuisine is called the Hakka cuisine of the southern and northern cuisine, the hakka cuisine has "no chicken is not clear, no meat is not fresh, no duck is not fragrant, no elbow is not thick" saying.
Every taste of Hakka cuisine is rich in historical origins, not only ancient techniques, but also the name of the dish is appetizing.
Cantonese people who like to sigh life and sigh tea
As the "big brother" of the three major ethnic groups in Guangdong, guangfu people have always lived exquisitely. The word "sigh" generally has the meaning of sighing and sighing in people's consciousness.
But when I arrived in Guangzhou, sigh tea, sigh flowers, sigh porridge, sigh color, sigh supplement, sigh song, sigh fierce, sigh hot spring, sigh feng shui, sigh the world. The "sigh" here is a kind of enjoyment, a love of life.
▲Sigh morning tea
The "sighing world" can be said to be one of the best manifestations of the mentality of Guangzhou people, reflecting the attitude of Guangzhou people to enjoy life, be positive and pragmatic to live every day. Adhering to the classic rule of "eating less and eating more meals" in modern times, Cantonese cuisine is countless, and the selection of ingredients is exquisite, and the skills are excellent, which can "sigh morning tea, sigh until the next day".
A restaurant in Guangzhou has such a couplet: busy for the name, busy for profit, busy with idleness, drink a cup of tea; hard work, hard work, bitter sweetness, take a pot of wine.
Thus, not only in terms of language, Guangdong looks like three provinces, and differences in food culture and significant personality traits are also important reasons.
Part.3
Guangdong, a major immigrant province
In fact, Guangdong has been a major immigrant province since ancient times, and with the migration of different periods, it has brought the language of different dynasties in ancient China and also brought different eating habits.
Initially in the Qin Dynasty, the general Zhao Tuo brought a part of the ancient Central Plains people to share the "chicken leg" in Guangdong.
Subsequently, the neighboring Fujian (known as Minyue in ancient times) also came to hear the wind, and was known as the "Chaoshan people" in the current Guangdong eastern Guangdong region, living near the sea.
Although some people say that the Hakka were also immigrants from the ancient Central Plains brought by the general Zhao Tuo, the real formation of the Hakka group was roughly in the Song Dynasty. However, at that time, this "chicken leg" in Guangdong had been divided into seven, seven and eight, and the Hakka could only live in a corner, and often "grabbed the chicken leg" with the Cantonese in the historical evolution.
The long-term "chicken leg war" is the Turk and Guest Weapon Fighting, resulting in a sharp decline in the Hakka population. In the end, in order to solve the problem of the tuke weapon fight, the Qing court dismissed some Hakka people in the Pearl River Delta back to the Hakka hometown in eastern Guangdong and even other provinces.
The Chaoshan people living in eastern Guangdong turned a deaf ear to the outside world and continued to operate their own acres and three points of land.
▲Source: History and Geography
In the end, the three major ethnic groups in Guangdong finally achieved a certain degree of balance, and the pattern of each side was formally formed. In the evolution of history, the three parties lacked communication, and still maintain their own unique food, personality and folk culture.
The tolerant cultural atmosphere of Guangdong makes it possible to have different immigrants at different times. Regarding the distribution of ethnic groups in Guangdong, another thing that has to be mentioned is the mysterious sea dwellers - the Yan family.
▲ Guangzhou's last fishing village of the Yan family, also known as the "gypsy" people on the sea (Source: Visual China)
There are different theories about the origin of the Yan family.
Most researchers believe that the Yan family is the former Baiyue people, and some people say that the Yan family originated from genghis Khan's Mongols. In the last years of the Yuan Dynasty, there was constant war, and many Mongol soldiers were forced to go south.
When they wandered to the southern coast, they were not tolerated by the locals, and a group of people became pirates and plundered the vicinity for a living; while a group of people had to drift on boats and make a living by fishing.
The Yan family took the boat as their home, became accustomed to water, cut off their hair and tattoos, worshiped dragons and snakes, were not allowed to live ashore for a long time, were not allowed to read and write, and were not allowed to intermarry with people on the shore, and their living conditions were extremely difficult.
In the 1980s, Shenzhen Shekou fired the first cannon of reform and opening up, and the yan family, who took the boat as their home, began to live ashore.
Due to the tolerance and diversity of Guangdong, the three cultures now live in harmony ^-^ Although Guangdong Province looks like three provinces, whether it is Cantonese, Chaoshan or Hakka, they are all Cantonese!