It is not uncommon to write a typo and make jokes. For example, a student once wrote in an essay: "On the clean road of the city, there is suddenly a lump of cow dung, and I eat a pound..." The teacher couldn't help but be amused after reading it, and commented after this sentence: "Massive, massive!" ”
Many celebrities have also written so-called typos, five of which are the most famous in history:
The "Summer Resort" plaque written by the Kangxi Imperial Family, the lower part of the "Xin" in the "Avoidance" is written in two horizontal lines;
In the Ten Views of the West Lake, the "Flower Harbor Fish Viewing", the traditional "fish" character is "fish", and the Kangxi Imperial Pen writes four points as three points;
Pingshan Hall of Daming Temple in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, the plaque hanging on the left side of the main hall with the "Wind Flow Wanwan in", a point in the "stream" ran to the "in", that is, the word "stream" is a little less, and the word "in" is a little more, from the hand of Liu Kunyi, the governor of Liangjiang during the Guangxu period;
The Nanjing Ming Tomb is a joint burial mausoleum of Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang and his empress. On its protective monument, "Ming Xiaoling" is written "Xiaoling Tomb". On the stone wall directly south of the tomb roof, there are seven characters written "The Tomb of Taizu of this Mountain", of which "Ming" is also written "眀";
The gate of Confucius House in Qufu, Shandong Province, is said to have been written by Ji Xiaolan in the Qing Dynasty. The upper link is: with the state Xian Xiu An Fu Honorable Gongfu Di; the lower link is: the same day and the old article Moral Saint Family. The word "rich" in the upper link has no dots, and the last vertical in the "chapter" of the lower link breaks out of the sun.
Kangxi, Ji Xiaolan, Liu Kun and other celebrities, or university inquirers, wrote the so-called typos hanging "show the public", which was ridiculed by everyone. And a step slower, before the ridicule, should we examine whether these "wrong" words are really ridiculous and generous typos?
The "avoidance" of the "summer resort" has existed since ancient times
The Summer Resort is the largest surviving ancient imperial palace on the mainland, covering an area of more than 5.6 million square meters, which is twice the size of the Summer Palace. The summer resort was built in the 42nd year of the Kangxi Dynasty, that is, in 1703 AD, and was originally named "Rehe Palace", and later named after the plaque inscribed "Summer Resort" by the Kangxi Emperor's imperial pen. Kangxi also named the "Thirty-Six Views" in the summer resort with four characters, and left a large number of poems, making the summer resort a royal garden with the same name as Buckingham Palace in the United Kingdom and St. Petersburg in Russia.
Kangxi's book "Summer Resort" has an extra horizontal "avoidance", if it is really a typo, then this face can be thrown abroad! There is a view that when Kangxi was inscribed, not everyone around the princes and ministers and the great cultural people around him could not see that this was a typo, but only felt that Kangxi's "golden mouth and jade words" and his imperial handwriting were also wrong. The implication is that Kangxi created this extra horizontal "avoidance" word, which can be described as a good story. This is a big fallacy.
The reason why no one raised doubts when the Kangxi inscription was written may be because the learned people at that time knew that the "avoidance" of the multi-horizontal was ancient, let alone a typo. In the Tang Dynasty Ouyang Inquiry 'Jiucheng Palace Liquan Ming', Yan Zhenqing's "Li Xuanjing Monument", and the Yuan Dynasty Zhao Mengfu's "Biography of Han Ji", the word "avoidance" is more than one horizontal.
Therefore, when Kangxi inscribed the plaque of "Summer Resort", the "avoidance" of the book was not a clerical error, but a deliberate act of knowing its origin. Kangxi only wrote a variant at that time, but it was laughed at by many people today, and even chiseled to "wrong is also right". If Kangxi and the scribes around him could hear this view, I am afraid that they could only cry and laugh.
Writing about the "fish" of the three points is not just because the "fish" of the four points is "roasted"
Some people believe that Kangxi believes that He believes in Buddhism and advocates the "virtue of good life". In Chinese characters, four points are fire that is easy to cause fish to die, and three points are water that can protect the survival of fish, so Kangxi changed "fish" to three points of "fish". Such a statement cannot be said to be unreasonable, and it is unknown whether Kangxi originally intended it, but the three-point "fish" is by no means a word created by Kangxi Sheng.
In the Commentary on the Interpretation of Texts, the interpretation of fish is: "Fish, water bugs also." Hieroglyphs, fishtails are similar to swallowtails. Duan Yujie noted: "Its tail is all branches." Therefore, it is like a branch. Non-from fire also. So the four points in the word "fish" do not mean "fire." The "fish" of the three points was also common in ancient times. For example, in the Eastern Han Dynasty's "Suimin School Lieutenant Xiong Jun Monument", the Northern Wei "Xing Luan Wife Yuan ChunQuan Tombstone", and the Tang Dynasty transcription of Zhang Heng's "Xijing Fu", the fish under the fish are three points.
Kangxi was full of poetry and books, and his historical accumulation and cultural literacy were not comparable to ordinary people. The four points under the fish are not "fire", and he most likely knows it. Why deliberately write less? First of all, this must not be a typo, and more importantly, he borrowed the three-point "fish" in order to express his "virtue of good life" and show his "Buddha's heart" to his subjects who believe that "under the fish is fire". Was this not a means for Kangxi to buy people's hearts?
A little less "flow" and a little more "in" is not Liu Kunyi's original
It is said that Liu Kunyi wrote the plaque "Wind and Currents Are In" in order to commemorate Ouyang Xiu, who was once "too conservative in the wind and currents" in Yangzhou. Ouyang Xiu was an outstanding politician and writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, who was too punctual in Yangzhou and had many affairs in him. Liu Kun wrote this plaque in one inscription, making a euphemistic criticism of Ouyang Xiu's misconduct in that year, and at the same time always exhorting future generations to "be less mercurial and more realistic."
Of course, some people believe that Liu Kunyi let the points in the "wind flow" "float" to the "in", indicating that this is the true wind flow, highlighting his admiration and admiration for Ouyang Xiu's "celebrity style".
The above two interpretations are reasonable in the eyes of the people and are more easily accepted. Many people will probably stick out their thumbs: "It's so philosophically wrong!" "Actually, people who have a bit of cultural common sense or are in the calligraphy industry don't think so. In their eyes, such writing is commonplace, and it is definitely not Liu Kunyi's original.
In the process of glyph changes such as jinwen, large seal, small seal, lishu, and calligraphy, the word "flow" has two ways of adding "dot" and not adding. The word "flow" is a little less, which is actually a list of words in ancient books and engravings. Wang Xizhi's "Orchid Pavilion Preface", Ouyang Inquiry's "JiuchengGong Liquan Ming", and Tang Yin's "Falling Flowers Poetry Album" all have a little less "flow". The addition of the word "in" is the writer's effort to stop the pen, and there is no meaning. When Liu Kunyi wrote "Merry Wind and Flow", he added the word "in" a little, probably only for the layout and aesthetic considerations of calligraphy, so that it echoed the three characters on the right.
The "Ming" of the day is written for the purpose of "眀", which has a classical basis
If you travel to Ming Xiaoling, there may be a tour guide who will explain to tourists why "Ming" is written "眀" out of interest. There are generally two theories: One is that when Zhu Yuanzhang died, he passed the throne to his grandson, and he was afraid of someone rebelling, and deliberately wrote "Ming" as "眀", which means that even if he died, he would look at the world with his eyes open, and ask who dared to rebel? The second is that the Qing Dynasty's "character prison" is very powerful, and the "Ming" character is very taboo, so it "opens its eyes and writes a typo" and writes "Ming" as "眀".
In fact, many scenic spots on the mainland with the word "Ming" are written as "眀". For example, Jinan "DaXiao Lake", Qingdao "Xiao Dao Temple", Chengdu Wuhou Ancestral Hall main gate "QiuLiang Ancient" plaque, "Nanjing City Gongyuan History Museum" and so on. In some other calligraphy works, the character "Ming" is also written as "眀". For example, Wang Xizhi's "Huangting Jing" of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wang Xianzhi's "Thirteen Elements of Luoshen Endowment", Liu Gongquan's "Tang Huiyuanguan Bell Tower Inscription" of the Tang Dynasty, and Su Shi's "Chenkui Pavilion Inscription Tuoben" in the Song Dynasty, etc., are all the same.
From this point of view, the word "眀", which has appeared frequently from ancient times to the present, is by no means a typo. In the Ming Dynasty's "Zhengzi TongMubu" chapter, the "Ming" is interpreted as: "In ancient times, the sun and the moon were made ming, and the Han was made clear from the eye." Therefore, in many calligraphy works and scenic inscriptions, it is not surprising that "Ming" is written as "眀".
The "rich" without points and the "chapters" that break the sun were once written in standards
It is generally believed that the "rich" without point means "rich and noble", representing the endless wealth; the "chapter" of the broken sun means "the article is through the heavens", which means that the article will always be the leader. Ji Xiaolan used only two words to explain why Kong Fu was called "the first in the world". When many people hear this explanation, I am afraid that they will even exclaim "Wonderful, wonderful!" As for whether the two words are typos, they no longer care, or think from the bottom of their hearts that they are wrong.
And slow "wrong to get what it is", this pointless "rich", the "chapter" of the broken sun is the standard writing of the two words, what is wrong? The "richness" of no point appeared in the Northern Wei "Cui Jingyong Epitaph" as early as 1500 years ago, and in the "Shen ce military monument" of Liu Gongquan in the Tang Dynasty and the "Ginseng Endowment" of the Northern Song Dynasty, "rich" also has no point.
As for the "chapter", the folk legend of "establishing the early chapter" is really a misunderstanding. In the Commentary on the Interpretation of Words, "Chapter, music is actually a chapter, from the sound, ten, ten, the end of the number." It can be seen that the original interpretation of the chapter was "ten chapters of sound", which is a musical term, and then refers to the article.
The "chapter" of breaking the sun is even more common in ancient calligraphy works. In the Works of Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, such as the "Monument to the Master of the Pujue State", the Song Dynasty Mi Fu's "Zhu Sui Liang G Lan Ting Preface", Cai Jing's "Ode to the Partridge of the Tang Dynasty Xuanzong", and the Yuan Dynasty Zhao Mengfu's "True Book of a Thousand Characters" and other works, there have been "chapters" that break the sun, and I am afraid that these people have not thought of the meaning of "article through the heavens".
epilogue
The interpretation of the text has a correct interpretation based on the original glyph, and there are also conventional interpretations that rely on the fabrication or imagination of the mutated glyph. Compared with the two, the influence of the correct solution is not necessarily greater than that of the conventional solution, and those who are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people are often the conventional solution. It is precisely because of the existence of common understanding that some Chinese characters or attractions that rely on these Chinese characters are more known, which is also the fun and charm of Chinese characters.
However, just because the conventional interpretation is more widely circulated, we cannot forget the correct interpretation, so that we can spread false rumors, then we will lose the seriousness of Chinese characters. Only by pursuing the organic unity of the seriousness and interest of Chinese characters can we have culture without being dull, interesting and not making jokes.