In March 2011, villagers in Guanxi Village, Nanchang City, found a 14- or 5-meter-deep hole in the mountain and thought it might be a tomb robbery, so they called the TV station's news hotline.
Archaeologists immediately came to the site and carried out rescue excavations. At this point, a mysterious ancient tomb abandoned by tomb robbers can be seen again after more than 2,000 years.
As the truth was revealed little by little, this archaeological site covering an area of about 46,000 square meters not only shocked The country, but also greatly aroused the curiosity of scholars from all walks of life at home and abroad.
What amazes everyone most is that it has three tomb forms at the same time: the size of the king, the specifications of the hou, and the regulation of the emperor, which is simply incredible.
After the opening of the burial chamber, the inner condition immediately made domestic experts realize that this must be the largest area, the best preserved and the most abundant funerary relics found in the mainland.
Several of the excavated cultural relics have set a precedent for the first time in the country, which has never been seen before, and properly turned the "archaeological task" into a "treasure digging adventure"!
Therefore, some experts even believe that the archaeological value of this ancient tomb exceeds that of the Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha!
So, whose tomb can have such a grand scale? Is it the king, the prince, the emperor?
Anyway, this is bound to be the "treasure boy" is not wrong!
Unearthed treasures show one
The image of a literary nobleman
The study of this tomb has not stopped to this day. The first thing to introduce to you is the gold artifacts inside, not only in large quantities, but also in the most complete types of Han tombs found so far.
1. Dazzling heavyweight gold funeral
In the main rafter room, one of the highlights was the amount of gold, so much as if the gold of the whole country was in it at that time - 48 horseshoe gold, 25 toe gold and 285 gold cakes.
With such a look, the golden eyes flickered! The owner of the tomb is full of wealth, which is amazing!
Horseshoe gold, concave, hollow, because of the shape of a horseshoe and named, in the glare of the light, the embedded glass will also glow green spots, lin toe gold and horseshoe metal in a similar model. Don't ask me what it means to say "up, down, down" on it, the experts don't know.
A horseshoe gold weighs about 240 grams, and a toe gold weighs about 80 grams, and they are stacked on top of each other, all placed near the coffin, symbolizing that pegasus and beast are leading their masters to heaven.
Horseshoe gold and lin toe gold, these two do not seem to be gold coins in the popular sense? yes! In ancient times, it was usually used to reward treasures for ministers who were loyal to the royal family or had military merit, which was extraordinary!
At the 2012 China Guardian auction, the same gold (horseshoe gold) could be auctioned for 9.19 million yuan. According to this price, the 48 pieces in the tomb are rounded to 500 million (or the market 7 years ago).
The production process of horseshoe gold and lin toe gold involves drawing, rubbing, filigree, filling, welding, etc., each link is completed by hand, and the links are interlocked, and the wrong ring is wrong!
They also have exquisite patterns on them, which shows how exquisite their craftsmanship is, and they are absolutely the top goods of the court.
In addition, 20 gold plates were found in the tomb, and the "trench" was so simple and pure ~ even the tomb of King Jing of Zhongshan, who had unearthed the golden jade coat, had never seen half a piece!
Seeing this, some people will definitely ask, how much gold is more, how is the color? After expert identification, it is all a thousand feet of gold!
In fact, whether it was horseshoe gold, lin toe gold, or gold plates and gold cakes, they were not the gold utensils that were commonly circulated in society at that time, but were used by high-ranking nobles for rewards and reserves.
Piles of five-baht coins were also found in the tomb, with a total of more than 2 million pieces, weighing more than 10 tons, equivalent to the current 50 kilograms of gold (equivalent to more than 10 million yuan)...
You know, the amount of these copper coins is equivalent to one percent of the annual coinage of the whole country in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty at that time! The staff just counted it took half a year, compared with the previous gold, this little pocket money does not feel any fuss about it!
From these gold and copper coins, experts feel that there is a person in history who is very suitable - Liu He, the first generation of Hai Di Hou.
On the wooden tablets found in the tomb, the clear words "Nine Years of Changyi" also tell us that Liu He, who was the king of Changyi, was undoubtedly the owner of the tomb.
In March 2016, unlike the general tiger button and turtle button, the excavation of a private seal of a phoenix pattern button completely locked the identity of the owner of the tomb on Liu He.
This phoenix bird, which looks exactly like a owl, has been recorded in many ancient books: the tail is long and curly, and the wings are wide and outstretched, and it is a monster born of the combination of the owl and the phoenix, and this combination is like the twisted and complicated mood of his being an emperor, a prince and a marquis.
2, ordinary emperor's jewelry is not as good as his
These yellow and clear gold is not the most valuable, in the entire inner coffin, the most conspicuous is a bed of golden glass mats, which is really a proud dry cloud.
The golden glass mat is made of countless golden wisps and more than 2,000 rectangular glass strings. The manufacturing technology of glass in the Western Han Dynasty has always been in the hands of the royal family and nobles, and the secret is not passed down, and people at that time regarded glass as more valuable than jade.
Although the glass of this bed of golden glass mats has no texture decoration on the surface, the whole is surrounded by extremely exquisite decorative edges.
The top of the hem is not only gold and painted, but also inlaid with mica pieces and jade ornaments, and the bronze ornaments with persimmon patterns are strung together at equal distance, which is so gorgeous that it is difficult to explain it with more words.
This yellow blood point agate in the tomb is shaped like a shell coin symbolizing wealth, and it can be recreated with such extravagant materials and I don't know why, it is purely money that burns the heart.
There are also these carefully polished beads, exquisite silk agate tube beads, olive-shaped red agate pendants, tri-colored agate swords, multi-prismatic crystals, Crouching Tiger shaped blood perks, each of which is a luxury that only the nobility can have!
In the Western Han Dynasty, the waist of the nobles had to be tied with hooks, mostly cast in bronze.
The bronze belt hook found on Liu He's body is gilded throughout, and its back is also inlaid with three teardrop-shaped gems (two turquoise and one red agate).
In the ancient tomb, where there is gold, there is no jade, it is unlikely. Liu He also collected a lot of jade, and in his coffin, there were a variety of jade bi, jade chimes, jade clothes, jade swords, etc.
From this delicate twisted silk jade ring next to the coffin (pictured below on the left), we can get a glimpse of how deep the Western Han nobles were obsessed with jade; another never-before-seen ring-shaped copper-encrusted jade accessory (right in the picture below), exquisite and fully represents the highest level of Western Han jade production.
"A gentleman has no reason, and the jade does not leave the body", this ink jade jade 璏 (pronounced zhì), is an ornament embedded in the sword sheath and other utensils.
At the same time, it has the function of fixing the leather belt, and the dragon pattern at the top is also exquisite.
What surprised the experts even more was a beautiful dragon and phoenix pattern lin-shaped pendant next to Liu He, which was very exquisite in both texture and shape.
韘 (pronounced shē) shape pendant, commonly known as the chicken heart pendant, originated in the Qin, prevailed in the Western Han Dynasty, is the emperor can only have the hanging ornament.
Not to mention that this jade, some scholars have researched, the jade is a symbol of status, non-emperor can not use. In other words, Liu He regarded himself as emperor until his death!
3. He is the only one who has lost thousands of years of ancient documents
Perhaps the most striking of the artifacts unearthed in the tomb is the earliest portrait of Confucius, the lacquer screen recording the life of Confucius, and the nearly two-thousand-year-old text "Qi Theory".
Archaeologists also found a large number of bamboo janes and wooden tablets in the main tomb collection, and after preliminary estimates, there were more than 10,000 bamboo janes and more than 200 pieces of wooden tablets.
At the same time, there are also complete sets of chimes, chimes, pianos, sergeants, flutes, figurines, and even bronze goose and fish lamps and bronze hot pots.
It can be seen that Liu He is a noble prince who loves to eat, drink and enjoy himself, gold, jewelry, books, music, food, etc., even if he goes underground, there is no shortage of everything, and happiness is no less than when he is alive.
You must know that the history books without exception describe Liu He, the deposed emperor of the Han Dynasty, as an absurd and tyrannical emperor, and a person who respects Confucian etiquette and is full of literary and artistic standards can do those absurd things?
The first man in history to make a difference
The "Bear Emperor"
Liu He, the deposed emperor of the Han Dynasty, without exception, described him in the history books as an absurd and tyrannical emperor.
Some time ago, the popular costume idol drama "Song in the Clouds", set against the background of the history of the Western Han Dynasty, and let Bao Bell play the role of Liu He, which made people deeper doubts about whether the emperor was a serious person...
"Liu He ate more than one melon on his deathbed, people will die, chew melons..." CCTV documentary "2017 Archaeology in Progress: Archaeological Excavation Site of the Tomb of Hai Xiahou", this improper narration, but let Liu He suck a large number of fans in modern times.
It turned out that Liu He was a very bitter person in history, he was the second generation of Changyi King, the last generation of Changyi King, and also the first generation of Hai xiahou.
In other words, Liu He was a royal boy with roots and seedlings, his grandfather was the famous Han Wudi Emperor Liu Che in history, and his grandmother was "a beautiful person in the north, who was independent of the world." One look at the city of the people, and then look at the country of the people" Lady Li.
Liu He's biological father was Liu Ji, the King of Changyi, who only enjoyed more than twenty years of glory and wealth, and then passed away, known as the King of Sorrows. After the death of his biological father, Liu He naturally inherited his father's throne and wealth, and his life was called a dashing and comfortable life!
Unfortunately, within a few days of the good days, he was involved in the power struggle. When he was in his twenties, the reigning emperor and his little uncle Liu Fuling suddenly died, and huo Guang, a major minister, supported him as the new heavenly son for the sake of overall stability.
On the day he entered the capital as emperor, Liu He posed with full style, profligate all the way, and did not restrain after entering the palace, and continued to be proud and indulgent and wanton in front of many ministers.
The history books say that he was a confused son, who did 1127 bad things in only 27 days of reign, an average of 42 bad things per day, and had to complete about 1.7 things every hour, which was more dead than the worst emperor in history.
The ministers who supported Liu He naturally stopped working, and then they teamed up to pull him off the throne and demote him down dozens of levels, until he was demoted to the commoners, and was driven back to his previous fiefdom in disgrace.
After more than ten years of imprisonment, Emperor Xuan of Han, who took office after him, considered that he was the bloodline of the royal family, and sent him to the southern kingdom as a prince, and gave him the title of "Marquis of Haixia", with four thousand households, equivalent to the size of a county now.
Is the title of Marquis of Haidian sure that it is not a satire on him? Yes and no. The Qin sinologist Wang Zijin believes that "sea dusk" is an insulting title, the sea means obscure and black, and the dim means dim and faint, which together means "fainted".
However, there is still a controversy in the academic community, let's first understand it according to their own ideas
Anyway, Liu He, who was congested, was even more sad in the position of Marquis of Haixia, and "Gou He" died after living for less than 5 years, which showed the difference in his physical condition and the depth of depression in his heart.
If you look at his gold, it reads, "He Yuankang, the Marquis of the South China Sea, has a pound of gold for three years," which is actually the gold he intends to bring to the capital Chang'an to worship his ancestors.
Unfortunately, the ministers who were afraid that he would come back to do things told Emperor Xuan of Han, "Those who are stubborn and wasteful should not be rewarded with the courtesy of the Zongmiao Dynasty."
Therefore, these strange golds, which represent "shame", could not be brought back until he died of illness in the fiefdom, and since he could not send them out, he could only take them to the burial and go underground to give them to the old ancestors...
Although Liu He was a little bearish, he didn't do anything crazy.
After all, "the emperor has been there, and he still cares so much about money", I want to come to this strange man who dares to take the play pieces of his ancestors to block his anus, and when he dies in another world, he will not treat himself badly...