On the morning of March 10, the well-known history blogger @ archaeologist posted on Weibo that some netizens reported to him in a private message: Someone published information on illegal activities related to "tomb visiting" in Xiaohongshu.
According to the blogger's pictures and texts posted on the Little Red Book, the scope of his "tomb exploration" has covered the ancient tombs throughout Shandong Province, involving Zoucheng, Jinan, Jining and other places, including the tomb of Lu Huaiwang, a municipal cultural protection unit.
Knowledge Supplement:
King Huai of Lu - Zhu Dangyi (1473-1505) was the sixth grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang, the ming emperor, and was enthroned as a son in the nineteenth year of Chenghua. Koji is eighteen years old and thirty-three years old. Humble Jane. Sealed with Sun Guan [Huo Ding]. Posthumously crowned king, changed to Yue Huai.
The tomb of King Luhuai is located in the northeast of Xiaoshanhou Village, Baiyan Town, Pingyi County, Shandong Province, with a height of 10 meters and a diameter of 30 meters. Excavated in 1972, the burial chamber is a mixed structure of masonry and stone, the bottom is paved with strips of stone, the four walls of the tomb are made of brick masonry, the tomb roof is made of brick arch, and the brick arch is sealed above. A box (two pieces) of Yuanzhi was excavated from the tomb, which is now in the Pingyi County Museum.
The tomb is a relatively complete Ming Dynasty tomb in Zoucheng, which is of great value to the study of local funerary customs and architecture at that time. However, due to the fact that its burial chamber is a mixed structure of brick and stone, and because it has become very fragile for a long time, it is not open to tourists now, and it is not allowed to enter without permission.
However, the little red book blogger brought his own rope ladder, from the robbery hole left by the tomb robbers to the underground palace, and said that "this Tomb of the Prince of the Ming Dynasty, at present, only I have taken a photo on the whole network." In addition, he has posted two of his "professional" certificates (membership card of The China Association for the Protection of Monuments and Sites and the membership card of the China Adventure Association), so many fans regard him as an "exclusive and authoritative representative".
According to the website of the China Association for the Protection of Monuments and Sites, the association was established in 1993 as a national, mass and non-profit academic group voluntarily composed of experts, scholars and management workers engaged in cultural heritage protection and research, and has the status of an independent community legal person. Its professional supervisory unit is the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People's Republic of China, and the business guidance unit is the State Administration of Cultural Heritage.
Not to mention that these two associations are only non-governmental organizations, do not have archaeological excavation and investigation qualifications, even if they have archaeological excavation qualifications under the unit, without the permission of the relevant local cultural relics protection unit, they are not allowed to enter the tombs and monuments without permission. Many netizens on Weibo expressed "anger" and incomprehension about such illegal acts:
@Zhou Yu: Not only breaking the law, but also blatantly breaking the law...
@ Eleven o'clock difference of five points: Shandong people are angry
@Mulan Print: It is estimated that it will soon be a 15-day holiday
@Flower Market Temporary: Jaw-dropping! This is a blatant offence! For the sake of traffic, can you really do anything?
@Duet_: There is a judgment head......... Read the novel to see the fire into the magic, if you really like you to learn cultural relics restoration line is not ok? There is no awareness of the protection of cultural relics
@17S summer night wind: visiting the tomb satisfies one's own selfish desires and curiosity, but the damage to archaeological work is irreversible. How many precious cultural relics and historical values have been destroyed in this way
……
After the controversy, the blogger's Little Red Book account has been blocked. In the face of everyone's doubts, the broadcaster also responded on Weibo that he would explain the situation to the local police station. The China Association for the Protection of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOSCHINA), to which it "belongs", also issued an investigation and handling notice later, saying that the blogger's behavior "violated the association's 'code of ethics' and was suspected of violating laws and regulations related to the protection of cultural relics." ”
According to the "Modern Express" report, because the blogger has appeared in some cities in Shandong for "tomb visiting" activities many times, the Cultural Protection Department of the Department of Culture and Tourism of Shandong Province has also received reports from netizens from various platforms, and the staff said that the determination of the authenticity of these pictures, as well as whether they have caused substantial damage to related cultural relics, whether their behavior is suspected of violating the law, etc., also need to be determined by law enforcement departments according to the facts of the investigation. "According to the management regulations of the cultural relics protection unit, some places are not allowed to enter without permission, and if the other party goes down without permission, it is considered a violation; but if the damage has been caused to the cultural relics, it is definitely illegal."
Relevant regulations:
Whoever, in accordance with the first paragraph of article 328 of the Criminal Law, illegally excavates an ancient cultural site or ancient tomb of historical, artistic or scientific value shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than ten years and shall also be fined; if the circumstances are less serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance, and shall also be fined.
According to Article 65 of the Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics, whoever violates the provisions of this Law and causes the loss or damage of cultural relics shall bear civil liability in accordance with law. Where violations of the provisions of this Law constitute an act of violating the administration of public security, the public security organs are to give a public security administration punishment in accordance with law.
On March 11, a reporter from the Modern Express news learned from local government workers that the "Tomb of King Lu of Yuxiu Mountain" had not been damaged. The parties involved in this incident also said in an exclusive connection with Modern Express that they "did go down to the tomb, but only for the purpose of protecting cultural relics, and did not destroy the objects inside." ”
In his spare time, he said, he "runs around to see if the artifacts have been destroyed or have not been excavated and protected." I have found stele stones and ancient tombs in Stonewall Town, Zoucheng City, and Baizui Village, Jining City, and after feedback to the relevant departments, they have also been well protected. Although the 'Tomb of King Lu of Yuxiu Mountain' is a provincial-level cultural security unit, there is a tomb not far from the Wenbao Monument, and I doubt that it has been destroyed, so I wanted to go and see it. If it is damaged, I will give feedback to the relevant authorities as before. ”
Finally, he said that he was also aware of some shortcomings in his actions before, and he would definitely take it as a warning and be more cautious in the future.
In addition to the Little Red Book, some other mainstream short video platforms are also full of a large number of tomb-themed content. Imperial tombs such as the QingXi Tombs and the Qianling Tombs, as well as some tombs that have not yet been approved and announced as cultural relics protection units and are in the countryside, as well as many ancient tombs that have been approved and announced as cultural relics protection units, have been "exposed" by tomb bloggers.
But those so-called "wild tombs" are actually tombs that have been excavated after being stolen and excavated by archaeologists. Because of the large number and remote location, there is a greater difficulty in supervision, and the lack of manpower and material protection of the burial chamber is exposed to the wild, for various reasons, so that tomb bloggers have the opportunity to enter.
The "net red tomb visit" incidents are emerging in an endless stream, is it the moral degeneration behind this, or the weak legal awareness?
Some people believe that the platform supervision is not effective, and such tomb visiting accounts should be banned.
Some people also believe that without market demand, there will be no bloggers who shoot for "traffic". As a well-known history blogger @ Xiao Lanyi said: Curiosity about ancient tombs is human nature, which is why there is an archaeological department. People are rational creatures, so rational restraint of curiosity and attention to archaeological results is a better choice than watching a live tomb visit.
In addition, the state should improve the laws and regulations on the protection of cultural relics as soon as possible, and the relevant departments should increase the protection of some field cultural relics. In fact, as early as 2014, Guangxi has already adopted and implemented the Regulations on the Protection of Cultural Relics of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which clearly stipulates that "if a cultural relics protection unit is photographed without approval or uses it for performance, the cultural relics administrative department of the people's government where the cultural relics protection unit is located shall impose a fine of between 20,000 yuan and 200,000 yuan, causing damage to cultural relics and cultural relics scenes, and ordering them to be repaired within a time limit or compensated according to law." ”
@Fu Xiaolei of Beijing Yingke (Shenzhen) Law Firm did a legal popularization education for everyone on the "legal risks explored by the tomb visit video":
To be clear, even exploring wild tombs that are not included in the cultural relics protection unit is illegal. The Mainland Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics has clear provisions on this, and in Article 2 it is clear that ancient tombs are protected by the state, and in Article 5, it is clear that ancient tombs belong to the state.
All tomb visits must enter the ancient tombs. This kind of entry will definitely cause more or less damage to the ancient tombs. The spread of tomb visiting videos will lead to follow the trend, and the more people who enter, the greater the damage caused.
According to the importance and destruction of ancient tombs, the responsibility for tomb visits is not the same. The degree of protection of ancient tombs is not high, does not constitute cultural relics, and the damage caused is not large, then bear the civil compensation liability, bear the cost of restoration and protection, and the cultural relics protection department may impose administrative penalties on them.
If it is more serious, then it will be criminally responsible. There is a special section of the Mainland Criminal Law entitled "The Crime of Obstructing the Management of Cultural Relics", and there are three crimes of damage to cultural relics: the crime of intentionally damaging cultural relics, the crime of intentionally damaging scenic spots and monuments, and the crime of negligent damage to cultural relics. If the damage is not a cultural relic, as long as it is enough for 5,000 yuan, it can also be punished for the crime of intentional destruction of public and private property.
If the ancient tomb is deliberately excavated, it will constitute the crime of excavating ancient cultural sites and ancient tombs, or the crime of excavating ancient human fossils and ancient vertebrate fossils, and the most serious crime can be sentenced to life imprisonment.
There are also the crimes of reselling cultural relics, illegally selling to foreigners, giving away precious cultural relics, illegally selling and privately donating cultural relics to collections, and smuggling cultural relics.
Although it is a simple act of tomb visiting, it may also be suspected of constituting more than ten crimes, and there is always one of these crimes suitable for these tomb visitors. The state has not yet intervened to rectify, and if those who filmed the tomb visit video do not know to end it, then what awaits them will be an iron fist of blows.
For the short video of the ancient tomb theme to be concerned by netizens, Wang Qing, a professor at the School of History and Culture of Shandong University, said that this can also explain the popularity of the theme of wenbo from one side, and the "tomb visit short video" satisfies the public's curiosity about the ancient tomb, has a certain cultural popularization significance, and is also conducive to awakening people's awareness of the protection of cultural relics. But it is undeniable that the negative impact of such short videos is even greater.
He believes that we should "upgrade the safety measures of wild cultural relics, strengthen the protection of heritage parks and other conditions, and issue relevant guidance from the national level to regulate the behavior of folk enthusiasts, and more importantly, strengthen the publicity of cultural relics protection knowledge, so that more people can consciously participate in it." ”
Another suggested: "Organize short video bloggers with a certain fan base to guide them to become a new media force that promotes cultural self-confidence and popularizes cultural relics knowledge." It can not only help people strengthen their awareness of cultural protection, but also enable the big Vs to exert their energy and reflect value. If they are trained professionally enough, it is not an extension of the protection of field artifacts. ”
Xiaobian believes that whether it is active guidance or strengthening crackdowns, we must firmly follow the principle of cultural relics protection. When encountering behaviors that may cause damage to cultural relics, we must report them in a timely manner and protect cultural relics, and everyone is responsible!
Resources:
Everyone talks about the popularity of "Tomb Visiting Short Video", "increasing knowledge" or "taking a bad head"? 》
Jinan Times "Revealing the Current Situation of Internet Celebrity Tomb Fever: More People Who Shoot Videos Than Archaeologists""
Observer Network "Real Tomb Robber Notes"? Little Red Book bloggers release "tomb visit" experience, official response"
The Surging News "Internet celebrity bloggers release Shandong's "tomb visit" experience? Official Response: Under Investigation
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