In the streets and alleys, we can always see such small advertisements: "Easy for three minutes, flow accident", "morning flow, afternoon work", "20% discount on student vouchers", "Half price for the second flow"...
They create the illusion that abortion is risk-free and very simple for young women. There is even a thought that it doesn't matter if you are pregnant, just beat it off.
Image source: Stand Cool Helo
The truth is that miscarriage may be accompanied by some complications and sequelae: uterine adhesions, infertility, habitual abortion, gynecological inflammation...
Globally, there are 40 million to 60 million abortions per year, and 47.5% of women under the age of 25 and 49.7% of unmarried women in the abortion group [1].
Most of these young women have a past that they do not want to recall, but society always treats them with a condemning attitude. There is even a saying circulating on the Internet: "I don't mind the second-hand house, but the 'second-hand house that has died' is another matter." ”
This makes many girls with a history of miscarriage have to hide the truth from their other half and their families, and also hide their medical history from the doctor when they go to the hospital, but after doing so, some worries ensued...
Abortion is now one of the safest and least fraught procedures, with lower risks and mortality rates than giving birth to a baby [2]. The premise is that abortion is carried out in a formal medical institution.
However, any medical procedure comes with certain risks.
Risks of miscarriage include:
Infection, triggering pelvic inflammatory disease;
Persistent or massive bleeding;
Incomplete miscarriage, requiring secondary treatment;
Uterine cavity adhesions.
If the risk of multiple curettage abortions is higher, in addition to the above risks, it includes:
Thin endometrium, low menstrual volume;
Embryos are prone to implantation failure and an increased risk of miscarriage.
Women who miscarry suffer not only physical pain, but also psychological stress.
Some unmarried women are afraid to tell their families and are not even responsible for their boyfriends. Guilt, sadness, feelings of loss...
These psychological injuries are more difficult to recover from than the body.
Safe and regular abortion generally does not affect subsequent reproductive function.
However, the risk to subsequent fertility also varies depending on the mode of miscarriage and the number of miscarriages.
Early use of medication for miscarriage generally does not increase the risk of subsequent pregnancies;
Induced abortion has less effect on subsequent pregnancies but may increase the risk of preterm and low birth weight [3].
Women with multiple induced abortions are at risk of uterine scarring, which can make it difficult to conceive in the future [4] and increase the risk of miscarriage after pregnancy [5].
Whether a doctor can see the history of miscarriage depends on the type of miscarriage.
Early pregnancy
Pregnancy
Both of the above conditions are difficult for doctors to see.
If the pregnancy is more than 10 weeks, forceps are required. At this time, the embryo is larger, the bone is formed, and it is easy to have cervical lacerations and more bleeding, and the cervix may not be fully recovered after surgery, leaving traces.
If you reach the third trimester of pregnancy, abortion surgery is not allowed, which is called induction of labor. It is equivalent to delivering a fetus that is less than a month old, similar to a normal birth. At this time, the cervical opening is greatly expanded, the cervical opening is deformed, and cervical lacerations may also occur, and the cervix cannot be fully recovered after induction of labor.
Later, if the doctor performs a gynecological examination, the shape of the cervix can be observed by opening the vaginal speculum on the examination table, and the shape of the cervix can be inferred whether there is a history of miscarriage or induction of labor in the month.
Better not!
Abortion is divided into spontaneous abortion and induced abortion. If there is a spontaneous abortion, the probability of another spontaneous abortion is very high and should be taken seriously.
Induced abortion may cause adhesions to the uterine cavity, endometritis, etc., and may increase the risk of mother and child in re-pregnancy. Concealing medical history may make doctors and family members "take it lightly." In case of an emergency, it is easy to be caught off guard.
Real cases
A doctor has reported such a case.
After Little R became pregnant, the whole family rejoiced. But Little R has always been reluctant to give birth, worried that the doctor will find out that she has always been reluctant to recall the past - once had a caesarean section due to bleeding in the second trimester.
She also kept lying to her husband about the wounds on her stomach, saying that it was an incision in the appendicitis surgery when she was a child. In this pregnancy, the embryo just grew on the scars that had been operated on in the past, and there was a risk of uterine rupture at any time. Isn't this a joke about your own life when life and death are at stake.[6]
Therefore, when seeking medical treatment, you must be honest with the doctor, the doctor is not Holmes, and betting on his own and the child's life will only gain more than he loses.
The history of miscarriage is part of the gynecologist's routine consultation and is also recorded in the patient's medical record. However, the records use special medical terms, and if there are no special circumstances, they generally do not use obvious words such as "abortion surgery was performed in XX month of XX years" and "there was a history of medical abortion in XX years and XX months".
The medical term commonly used by doctors to record fertility history:
1
The letters G and P
G represents the number of pregnancies, which is the total number of natural births, caesarean sections, and miscarriages, and P represents the number of births, which is the total number of natural births and caesarean sections.
G3P1, for example, means that the woman has given birth to a full-term child, miscarried 2 times, and has been pregnant 3 times in total.
2
There are also some doctors who are accustomed to using the foot-early-flow-storage form.
The above example can also be expressed as 1-0-2-1, which means 1 full-term birth, no premature birth, 2 miscarriages, and 1 existing child.
Doctors ask these questions in order not to dig into the patient's privacy, but these fertility histories are often closely related to future pregnancies, and even affect the decision-making of this diagnosis and treatment.
The history of childbirth is a private medical history of the patient, and the doctor will never inform the patient's family without the patient's permission.
However, doctors do not hide the patient's medical history, let alone lie to the patient's family.
postscript
Abortion is a remedy for contraceptive failure. Abortion has a certain impact on women's reproductive health and psychology. But in real life, not every boy will feel guilty about the harm he has caused to his ex, but every girl will struggle with whether to tell the current, not to say that there is a knot, and it may become a "time bomb".
Abortion is not a person's fault, but most of the people who can't let go of this matter are girls, so Zhimei hopes that everyone will not have self-doubt and feel guilty, so they look down on themselves, and everyone is worthy of being loved.
At the same time, it also calls on girls to do a good job in contraception, so as to better protect themselves and protect their future families; also ask your boyfriends and husbands to understand their other half and give them more love.
Review expert: Wang Wei | Deputy Chief Physician of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University
bibliography:
Cheng Linan. The current situation and thinking of abortion in Chinese[J].Chinese Journal of Practical Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2012, 028(009):641-642.
[2] Raymond EG, et al. (2012). The comparative safety of legal induced abortion and childbirth in the United States.
[3] Saccone G, et al. Prior uterine evacuation of pregnancy as independent risk factor for preterm birth: A systematic review and metaanalysis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2016; doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.12.044.
[4] Mayo Clinic Staff (2019):Abortion.
[5] Virk J, et al. Medical abortion and the risk of subsequent adverse pregnancy outcomes. 2007;DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa070445
CHEN Chunling. Why can't we hide the history of miscarriage that you don't want to mention[J].China Reproductive Health, 2018, 000 (006):P.13-13.
*The content of this article is a popularization of health knowledge and cannot be used as a specific diagnosis and treatment recommendation, nor is it a substitute for face-to-face consultation by a practicing physician, for reference only.
*The copyright of this article belongs to Tencent Medical Code, unauthorized media reprinting is prohibited, and illegal reprinting will be investigated for legal responsibility according to law. Individuals are welcome to forward to the circle of friends.