Author Xu Jiangwei authorized the release
Not only is there "hard" evidence such as archaeological excavations and excavated cultural relics, but also the "source of The Qinghai-Tibet of Chinese civilization" is also clearly reflected in the pronunciation source of the ancient "Yayan" character. To this end, the author will continue to illustrate them by example to explain and explain the following three basic and principle issues about the origin of ancient Chinese characters:
First of all, the "shape sound characters" in the Chinese dictionary are mostly wrong. It should be known that this so-called "shape sound character" accounts for more than 80% of the total number of Chinese characters!
Note that most of the pronunciation of these "shape-sound characters" do not match their "sound side", for which the traditional saying always uses "the pronunciation next to these sounds has changed in ancient and modern times", that is, the pronunciation of Chinese characters has been constantly changing in history. When the pronunciation of ancient Chinese characters does not match the number of its "sound side", phonologists either think that the pronunciation of "sound side" has changed in ancient and modern times, or that the pronunciation of Chinese characters is different from ancient to modern. Moreover, many "ancient sounds" and "middle sounds" dictionaries are speculated and constructed in this way through "sound side", and its credibility is self-evident.
This erroneous concept of "making words by sound" has been going on for at least two thousand years! In the end, the ancient "hermeneutics" (Chinese phonology) was brought into a situation full of contradictions, cuts were still chaotic, unverifiable, and tasteless and discarded, and brought into a rotten quagmire that people could not extricate themselves from, and walked into a dead end that people could no longer get around!
The fundamental reason is that these ancient Chinese characters are not really "shape sound characters", they are all created in the way of "pictograms and understanding", the pronunciation has nothing to do with the so-called "sound next" (sound marks), their pronunciation comes from another language, or the original expression is the ancient Qiang-Tibetan language.
Secondly, the existence of a large number of these yayan ancient characters with strict correspondence does not prove the existence of the "Sino-Tibetan language family". Some people will think: Can you easily find so many corresponding characters, doesn't that mean that the "Sino-Tibetan language family" is valid? But the problem is that these ancient Tibetan words are fundamentally different from Chinese and Chinese characters in terms of linguistic properties, many of them are prefixed with sounds and suffixes, in that language, these "phonemes" can be independent when necessary, they can be pronounced out of the voice, in concept they are not monosyllabic words. When used as a verb, there is usually a "tense" (present, future; autonomous and involuntary; imperative, etc.); when used as a noun, it is usually suffixed with a virtual word. They usually exist in Tibetan dictionaries in the form of "infinitives". Whether it is pronunciation or writing, there will be some changes in different sentences, which is very different from the existence of Chinese characters in the linguistic family.
Finally, these corresponding ancient Tibetan words are all colloquial words, in Tibet, even illiterate Tibetan old wives are frequently used, and the corresponding Yayan ancient characters only appear in the wenyan text, and most of them still stay in the written language and have not entered the spoken Chinese language. So, isn't it clear what language these ancient words originally expressed and who used them in the first place? From this, we can be sure that ancient Chinese characters have undergone a cross-lingual transformation from the initial less typical "polysyllabic sticky language" to the current monosyllabic Chinese.
meals
Meal (shàn), the original meaning refers to meals, eating. "Sayings": "Meals, food also." "Zhou Li ShanFu": "The king's food, drink, and food shame." "There is a record of the western Zhou Xiao Keding inscription praising the "shanfu". The Book of Rites: "Eat in the King." "Zuo Biao": "Public meal, two chickens on the day." "In spoken Chinese, there is no case where eating is called "shan".
The Tibetan word does mean that "eating" is called "shan" hsan. Eat meat xia hsan. Ancient Tibetans called themselves "red-faced meat-eating species" ( ) , noting that this "meat-eating" is the same structure as the "meat-eating" of "meat-eating", both of which are inverted word orders, which is undoubtedly a relic left by the ancient Tibetan language.
Mane
Chàng (鬯), said by the ancients, refers to a kind of incense used in worship of heaven and gods. "Zhou Li Mane": "Gong Jie. "Li Ji Qu Li": "All the best sons." "Book of Han and The Chronicle of Emperor Xuan": "The Night of the Recommendation." ”
In Tibetan, "wine" is called tchang barley wine (nas tchang), which means "black wine". Dunhuang Tibetan documents are recorded and pronounced the same. Therefore, it can be inferred that the pronunciation of "鬯" comes from the ancient Tibetan word "tchang".
lie down
Lying (tǎng), the traditional saying is "from the body, Shang sheng" means "body flattening", that is, "Shang" as the sound side. But this does not make sense, because the pronunciation of "Shang" does not match the eight rods of "tǎng".
This "lying" originally referred to a Bon burial ritual for the exclusive use of emperors and nobles, and appeared many times in Dunhuang Tibetan literature (see Huang Bufan's "Study of Tubo Bon Funerary Rituals"), recorded as (mtad ntang), specifically referring to the fiddling and placement of corpses (is the past tense of (htong), the Tibetan meaning is "put down, flat").
In this way, it can be explained why "lying" is composed of "body + shang", which is a complete ideographic word. The "Shang" of the pre-Qin era was not available to everyone. And "lie" is pronounced the same as "铴". This way of creating characters and the "homologous relationship" is completely in line with the original meaning of Tibetan language and belongs to the characteristics of Bon.
slander
Slander (dǐ), speak ill of people, swear. "Sayings": "Slander, Khun Ye." "Common phrases are denigration, denigration, denigration, etc.
The Tibetan language calls "scolding" (sdig pa) and has the meaning of "sin, sin." Past tense: (bsdigs), future, and imperative: (sdigs). Pronounced the same, both are pronounced as "denigration".
good
Zang (zāng), meaning "beautiful, good, good". Shang Shu Pan Geng Shang: "The Zang of the State, but the women." ”
"Commentary": "Zenya, subordinate, qiāng) sound." "In fact, it is not a sound word at all.
The Tibetan word for "excellent" is called (hzang), which also refers to the colored house animal (offering to the gods). To be sure, the pronunciation of "Zang" comes from the ancient Tibetan word for "hzang" and has nothing to do with "qiāng" (meaning "mutilation").
Abustill
Nitrile (nǎi), disease also. It is only found in Wen yanwen, not in spoken Chinese.
The Tibetan word for "disease" is (nad). Patient: (nad ba ribbed). See a doctor: Pimpardy. Headache: "Gangle" (mgo nad).
respect
The Tibetan language calls "civilization" "bzuen," which in its original sense refers to the emergence of hierarchical nobility and the persistence of this "system of etiquette." And isn't this exactly where the essence and characteristics of ancient human civilization lie?
The author found that in Chinese, no word can fully fit this Tibetan concept, so as to express the "essence" of the origin of Chinese civilization so well! In Old Chinese, this "zun" originally referred to a bronze ceremonial vessel.
The Tibetan word for "queen" (bzuen mo) is pronounced "ZunMo".
manage
Imperial (yù), the original meaning refers to the emperor's special things, but also refers to the emperor himself and his behavior. For example, the "throne" (the emperor's seat). It is generally believed that the word "御" is derived from "卩" (like the shape of a person kneeling and worshipping) to "noon".
In Tibetan, "Wang Qi" is called "hyu ru", which is the private domain of Zampu. The Tibetan language also calls turquoise "yu" (hyu), which is the original meaning of "jade". Archaeology shows that turquoise has been the exclusive property of kings since distant prehistory. It is therefore certain that this Tibetan word is the source of the pronunciation of "御".
look
Shì, the original meaning is to see, to observe. Usually refers to the behavior of nobles. Yayan, spoken Chinese is not used. For example, provincial inspection and inspection. "Book of Tai Oaths": "Heaven sees itself as self-esteem." "Zheng Feng Zi Yue Chicken Song": "Zi Xing sees the night." "Warring States Policy, Qi Ce": "Familiar with it." "Zuo Chuan Xianggong Twenty-five Years": "Cui Zi said that the disease does not look at things. ”
This "sight", the traditional saying is "from seeing, showing sound." But it is also different from the writing "shì", that is, "from the eye, from the voice." "Obviously not credible.
In Tibetan, "seeing" (honorific) is called (shi), for example: (pronounced "seeing"), which means "care, care." (pronounced "to see"), meaning "to investigate, inspect". It can be seen that this Tibetan word "shi" is the source of the pronunciation of "sight".
word
The word (cí) originally referred to the writing of official documents. The traditional saying is that it is a sound word, "from the word, from the sound." ”
The cognate word "ci" (cí) is considered to be a synoptimal word. "Sayings": "Words are words, words (cí) are lawsuits, and there are many chaos in the classics today, but words and lawsuits are still more than this word." ”
Tibetan calls "vocabulary, language" (cig), code: (chi cig) Tibetan-Chinese corresponding vocabulary: (xe cig jia boe). It can be inferred from this that both "word" and "word" are pronounced from the Old Tibetan word (cig).
Factory (厰)
厰, the original meaning refers to a place where people or animals can live. Northern Wei Jia Sixun 'Qi Min Zhi Shu Yang Raising': "Build the north wall for the factory." ”
The Corresponding Tibetan word (chang) refers to the house and nest. For example: the bird's nest (qia chang), the secretariat (yig chang). This should be the true source of the pronunciation of "factory" (厰) that appears in the oracle bones.
The cognate character "cang" (倉) also means the place of residence of a clan, family, or clan, rather than a warehouse. For example, "Cangjie" for "Cangjie". (In Tibetan, the leader and king are called "jie".)
Correspondingly, the Tibetan language also refers to clans, families, and villages as (chang). For example, there is a place name "Xia Ruocang" which means "Crow Village".
Hazel
晲 (nǐ), which refers to sunset or daylight.
The Tibetan word for the sun is called "ni" (nyi), which is undoubtedly the pronunciation of this ancient yayan word.
Homologous words: 暱, 霓, etc. "Explanation of the Text": "暱, Nichiren also." Or: "Neon, from the rain, child's voice." rainbow. Thus it is said to be a "shape word".
Wink
睨 (睨), "Shuowen" and other ancient books are contained. There are meanings such as squinting eyes and squinting. "From the eye, from the voice." ”
The Jiarong Tibetan language calls the eye (nyig), and I think this is the true pronunciation of this Yayan word.
lees
Meal (pò), rice residue left over from winemaking. "From the meter, white sound." ”
In Tibetan, winemaking and wine are called (pabs), and the pronunciation is in line with this ancient Chinese character, which is the source of its pronunciation.
investigate
Survey (kān), see, examine, judge. Yue: "From the force, very loud." ”
In Tibetan, "expert" is called (mkan) and has the meaning of a seer and a judge. For example, the teacher in the temple is called "Khenpo" and the guru is called "Khenchen". Call the feng shui master "Sakan" (inverted word order).
I think this is the source of the pronunciation of this Yayan word, not "shèn".
documents
Dié (牒), in ancient times, referred to documents and documents. "Zuo Chuan Zhao Gong Twenty-five Years": "Retreated from the curse." "Sayings": "Little Jane, Big Jane." The thin one is known as the one, and the thick one is called the thick one. Another: "From the piece, the sound of yè." ”
In Tibetan, the book, volume, and booklet are called (deb), and the pronunciation is in line with it. It should be the source of its pronunciation. How could it possibly come from "yè"?
silks
Bó (bó), which appears in the oracle bone, refers to a kind of white textile for nobles, and later also refers to silk fabrics and cotton fabrics. For example, "Zuo Chuan Min Gong Ii Year": "Wei Wen Gong's cloth is the cloth of the big cloth, and the crown of the big cloth." "Sayings": "Shu, Shuye." From the towel, white sound. ”
The Tibetan language refers to wool, wool, and wool spinning as (bae). Cotton: (xing bae). The author believes that this is the source of the pronunciation of "帛". This "white" is used to understand, not to be pronounced.
afternoon
Zè (昃), a pictographic ideograph, refers to the observation and recording of the direction of the sun. In ancient times, it refers to the time when the sun is westward and the day will end. Also refers to time or time. Eating and drinking: a cliché praising the emperor's diligence, eating only when the sun is in the west, and dressing before dawn. "Easy Departure": "The departure of the sun." "Book: No Escape": "Day in day." "Zhou Li Di Guan Si Shi": "Big city, sunrise and city." "Huainanzi TopographicAl Training": "East and West Yue District." ”
In Tibetan, the date and trumpet are called (zes ba), and the first day of the first year: (zes-jig). This should be the source of the pronunciation of 昃.
braid
Táo, rope. "Poetry and Wind": "Xiao'er Suo. "Notes": Noose at night, waiting for time. At first glance, it is a shape sound character, with "匋" (Tao) as the sound side. But what will the rope have to do with "pottery"? It's two different things entirely.
In Tibetan, rope and hemp rope are called "tao" (tah ba). This is the true pronunciation of this yayan word. This title was not inherited by the Chinese dialect.
consider
Discretion (zhuó), discussion, consideration. For example: discretion, reference, discretion, discretion, discretion, discretion, etc. "Speaking text": "From unitary, from spoon, spoon (sháo) also sounds." But the problem is that this "spoon" (sháo) can never be the source of its pronunciation.
Tibetan put the discussion, agree. Consensus is called (zhoe), consent, adoption: (zhoe njam "discretionary"). This is where the pronunciation comes from. Among them, "unitary" and "spoon" are used to understand.
elegant
Ya, good also, beautiful also. The so-called "Yayan" of ancient times was spoken in relation to the ruled dialect of the vernacular (陳語). Throughout the period of the origin of Chinese civilization, the ruler and the ruled spoke two completely different languages, which is where the truth of the origin of civilization lies!
The Tibetan language calls the good and beautiful "yag bo", and the wild yak also calls the wild yak "ya" (gyag). The ancient Qiang-Tibetan nomads all called themselves "yak breeds", so it is most appropriate to call them "Yayan".
copy
Chāo, snatching, snatching, plundering. For example: copying violence (plundering by force); looting (robbery and plundering); plagiarism (looting other people's property). "From the hand, less." The problem is that "shǎo" is not pronounced "chāo".
In Tibetan, snatching and snatching is called (nchog). Robbery: (nchog ba). According to the LiaoShi Chinese Interpretation, the Khitan language calls "conquest and battle" "stir-fry wu 侕叵叵", which is actually the Chinese character zhuyin of this ancient Tibetan word.
allow
Xu (xǔ), the original meaning is to ask, answer, and answer. Shang Shu Jin Yun: "Erzhi promises me, and I return with Bi and Jue." "Poetry Daya": "Zhao Zi Lai Xu." Mencius Liang Hui Wang Shang: "Wang Xu Zhihu? "Sayonara": "Xu, listen also." From the word, the noon. ”
In Tibetan, "ask, pray, say, do" is called (xu). Request (xu ba). That's where it comes from. That is to say, there is only a relationship between "Xu" and "noon" (cow), and there is only a relationship between "huiyi" (with cattle as the great custom), and has nothing to do with its pronunciation "wǔ".
ditch
瀆 (dú or dòu), the original meaning refers to rivers, earth. For example: Gou Blaze, Si Blasin (ancient times is the collective name for the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Huai River, and Jishui).
In Tibetan, the earth is called (sa doh). Land: (doh mo). Moisturize the earth: (doh yab "瀆雅"). This is where the pronunciation comes from.
buy
Selling (gū) refers to buying and buying. "Analects of the Township Party": "Selling wine in the city." The Analects of Zihan: "Seek goodness (gǔ, merchant) and sell everything." "Selling fame and reputation; selling grace; selling (merchants)." It seems that the pronunciation comes from "ancient", but it is not.
The Tibetan word for "silver, money" (hgul reads "ancient"), which is where it comes from. Silver is used as a verb for the sake of it.
salty
Xian (xián), the oracle bone consists of a long-handled axe that represents killing and a "mouth" that represents a human head, which means "kill". "Book junyi": "Xian Liu is an enemy." It means "kill all the enemies and leave no widows." ”
For example, if the "mouth" in "salty" is regarded as "囗" (国), the glyph of salt can be regarded as "the land is occupied by force, and the things on the ground and the people belong to me", so xian also has the extended meaning of "all, all".
In Tibetan, killing and slaughtering are called (xan). Butcher: (xan ba hamba); executioner: (xan ma salted hemp). It is the source of its pronunciation.
lucky
Ji (jí), appears in large numbers in oracle bones. The original meaning is auspicious and auspicious, which is the opposite of "fierce". For example: auspicious hour, auspicious clothing, jibu, auspicious day.
The Tibetan language calls happiness and happiness (sji bo). Lhasa River: (sji qu jiqu). The Tibetan word (sji) also means "sweet" for "sweet". In addition, there is the meaning of "sacrifice" (enjoying the gods, entertaining the gods): the Kashag Summer Festival should be the source of the pronunciation of "ji".
give
Zèng, which means giving gifts or goods.
In Tibetan, almsgiving and charity (present, future) are called (hdzen ba "gifts" and almsgiving is called (hdzen hdag "gifts"). It should be the source of the pronunciation of "gift".
sole
Zhí , the finger of the foot, jumping, stepping, stepping. Metatarsal: Stepping into the air. "Lü's Spring and Autumn": "If the king of Qi eats chickens, he will eat thousands of his feet and feet." "Chronicle of History": "The metatarsal crossbow." "Huainanzi Xiuwu": "Knee to knee." Zhang Xie's "Seven Lives": "There is no trace of the grass and the earth." The Book of Han: "The soul of the metatarsal soul bears the burden." "The Thief and the Thief are two great thieves recorded in the Spring and Autumn Period with a rate of thousands of people each.
In Tibetan, trampling, mixing, and stomping are called (nzi), the past tense (bnzi ba "metatarsal"). The Tibetan word for "shepherd" is also called (nzi "metatarsal"), probably because they move around and walk without stopping. This should be the source of the pronunciation of "metatarsal".
modest
Xun (xùn), "Shuowen": "遜, 遁也." From The Voice, Sun Sheng. "This statement does not stand up to scrutiny." "Son" means to be second, no longer to be the chief. By extension, it means "humility."
Book of YaoDian Preface: "Will be inferior to the throne." "Book of Yu": "The five products are not inferior. The Analects: "Dangerous deeds are inferior." "Another example: inferiority, inferiority, inferiority, no inferiority, slightly inferior.
In Tibetan, "secondary, second, young" is called (hxon). Front and vice: (rgan hxon "ganson").
Young, young, deputy: (hxon nu "sun slave"). This is where the pronunciation of "sun" comes from, not "sun" (sūn).
divine
This "Bu" is the biggest feature of the ancient Chinese civilization that distinguishes it from other ancient civilizations in the world. The "bǔ" (bǔ) of divination refers to a kind of witchcraft that burns turtle shells with fire and observes their cracks in order to predict the auspicious behavior of witchcraft. The "bo" of radish is a fictitious word that reads softly.
Zhou Li Dabu: "Ask the turtle to know Bu." "Poetry Xiaoya Chutz": "Buerbukfu, such as a few like the style." So where does this "bǔ" pronunciation come from? Some people say that "the cracks that appear after the tortoiseshell is burned." "This is certainly true, but it is still not clear where the pronunciation originated.
In Tibetan, the drill and awl are called (nbuh), which is the source of its pronunciation. It is also appropriate to call it this, because the first process of divination is to use a drill to carve out a hole, and then use charcoal to burn the hole to crack it.
The Tibetan word for "copper cone" is called "shangbu" (hsangs nbuh).
Yaks in Tibet
The author's so-called "source of Chinese civilization in Qinghai-Tibet" is not only reflected in the "hard" evidence of archaeological excavations and excavated cultural relics, but also clearly reflected in the pronunciation source of the ancient "Yayan" character........
genial
Xù means warmth, warmth. By extension, it means happiness and harmony. "Speaking text": "Xu, steaming also." A red look. Judging from the way the characters are created, the original meaning of Xu should be related to "灬" (fire).
"Mozi Jingjing": "The people of Jingguang are like shooting." Tang Xuanzong's "Commandment to the Emperor's Chamber": "Chengxu Shaozong." ”
In Tibetan, "fire" (honorific) is called (xu). Firewood (honorific): (xu xing pronounced "xu xing"). ignition. It is the source of the pronunciation of "Xu".
Homologous characters: 旭、 欻, 烼, 喣, 燸, etc., all of which are "Yayan", not used in spoken Chinese.
splendid
Hee (xī), the original meaning is harmony, prosperity. Erya Shiyi: "Hee, Hee ye." "Guangyun": "And also." The "fire" (fire) below is also used for understanding.
"Shundian": "There is a load that can fight the Xi Emperor." "Shu Yao Dian": "Allowing Li to work a hundred times, Shu Ji Xian Xi." The Tao Te Ching: "The crowd is bustling. Tang Li Deyu remembered the inscription of the merits: "Xi I wendian, radiant." Tang Hanyu's poem: "The sky is full of sun and the sea." Song Zhoumi's poem: "Xu XuChen Guangxi, slightly fleshy." ”
The Tibetan language calls peace, prosperity, and harmony (xi). The Tibetan word for "Ode to Peace": this is the pronunciation of "Xi".
hesitate
Chóu, long pacing walks. Such as: hesitant; hesitant and full of ambition. "Nine Debates": "Drowning and hesitating." "From the foot, from the sound." But the problem is that "踌" was also written differently in ancient times as "foot + Shu", and this "shou" is obviously not really a "sound note" and pronunciation source.
Amdo Tibetan calls "go, go, go" (ncho), which is the source of the reading of "hesitation."<
For example:
Let's go for a drink: read it as "the rut of the Russians."
(Russian plucking us; Changjiu; Tong drinking; pronouns, common in Old Chinese; hetting away;)
die
Cú (徂), the original meaning is to go, to. Erya: "Oh, towards." He also said, "From the yin, from the and, and from the sound." "But it's impossible.
"徂" is a commonly used word in ancient Chinese texts, such as "Xiaoya Xiaoming": "I marched to the west." Da Yu Mo: "Ru Lu Zheng." "Poetry Wei Feng Hu": "Self-wandering." "From west to east. Years pass.
In Tibetan, walking and walking are called (cu) and are also written (cu), which is the pronunciation of "徂".
high officer
Qing (qīng), in ancient times, referred to the king's closest and most important minister. The oracle bone elephant sat facing each other and entertained them with wine and food. In the pre-Qin era, there was the position of "Six Secretaries" under the king, which was used to assist.
The Tibetan language refers to the liver as (mtchin ba "Qingpa"). The liver is the largest and most important organ in the body. It is the source of this "Qing" pronunciation, and the reference to "Qing" is the metaphor of the liver.
tribute
Tribute (gòng), offering. Commentary: "Tribute, Shangye." Guangya: "Tribute, dedication." The Erya Shiyi notes: "Tribute, give also." The Yi Zhi Ci notes: "Tribute, Sue Ye." "Li Ji Qu Li": "The five senses are dedicated to the tribute." ”
The Tibetan language refers to monasteries and temples as (hgon ba "Gongpa"), which is most in line with the meaning of "shang, offering, giving, admonishing, enjoying" and should be the source of the pronunciation of "gong".
chase
Enhú ( zhú ) , the lower part of the oracle bone " stop " represents the chaser , the upper part is either "豕" or "dog", the original meaning is to expel, to make escape.
For example, "Guangyun": "Chase, chase." Drive also. "The Eleventh Year of Zuo Chuan Yin Gong": "The sons all pull out their swords to drive them away." "The Biography of Li Si in History": "Those who are not Qin go, and those who are guests are expelled." ”
In Tibetan, escape, escape (present, not) is called (ndzo), past tense (dzos). Wolf Drive (Wolf Run): (jiang dzos "ginger chase"). The war is called (nzhug ba reads "wall-by-wall"). Should be the source of the pronunciation of "one by one".
manage
Division (sī), has the meaning of mastery and processing. "Sayings": "Si, the minister is in charge of the outsider." Guangya: "Si, lord also." ”
The Tibetan language refers to governance, governance, and politics as (sid). Decree: (sid gae "Siga"). Regime: ( jab sid "family division"). It is the source of the pronunciation of "division".
this
Sī, the original meaning refers to a kind of devil. This can be seen from the way the word is created: this "it" has the "weight" of killing. For example: Axe Esther (slash and kill with an axe). This (this bad man, this devil).
The Tibetan language refers to recurring disasters, such as the birth of a child at the same age, as a kind of ghost at work, called (si). (si lang "SiLang"). It should be the source of the pronunciation of "Si".
demon
Mó, "Demon, Ghost also." Sound from the ghost hemp (má). ”
In Tibetan, a fierce god (predominantly female) is called (mo), which is where the pronunciation of "devil" comes from.
extend
Shēn, appears in large numbers in oracle bones. "Sayings": "Shen, God also." "In the pre-Qin era, the imperial tomb must be in the shape of a "Shen" character.
In ancient times, there was a country with the name of "Shen". "Zuo Chuan Yin Yuan Year": "Zheng Wugong married Yu Shen. "Note: Shen Guo, the country of the Jiang surname.
In Tibetan, a deity in the land of the Three Realms is called (shen). Water Luosha: (qu shen "Qu Shen"). It should be the source of the pronunciation of "Shen".
look at
Lǎn Look, read. "Sayings": "Guan (覽), Guan Ye ( ) From seeing, pro (not "prison"!) ), Pro also sound. For example, "Warring States Policy, Qice": "And counting the views." "Leaving the Troubles": "The Emperor Yu Yu yu yu in the first degree." ”
In Tibetan, the reply to the complaint is called "lan" (lan). In modern Tibetan, it also refers to His Holiness's reply, reply, reply. Such as: fault, root cause, guilt: (lan bo). It should be the source of the pronunciation of "Lan".
root
Ben, the root, the foundation. "Sayings": "Kinoshita Yukimoto." "Poetry Daya Wen Wang": "Ben Zhi Bai Shi." ”
The Tibetan word for Lhasa refers to "chief, chief" (dbon") in its original meaning, which actually refers to wild yak (犇), because Bon has the concept of "wild yak as the source of the world". This is the source of the pronunciation of "ben".
government official
Eunuch (huàn), the original meaning is official, to be an official. "Sayings": "Eunuch, Shiya." From the courtiers. "Zuo Biao": "Concubines are eunuchs." "It means the children of officials or aristocratic origins."
Amdo Tibetan refers to officials, leaders, and officials as (hwon "eunuchs"). This Tibetan is the same word as the Lhasa Tibetan word for "ben.".
Amdo Tibetan: Sons of Nobles (pronounced "eunuchs") Official residences: (pronounced "eunuch factories"). This is the origin of the pronunciation of "eunuch".
demand
Suǒ appears in the oracle bone, highly pictographic, like several large strands of rope entangled together, which by extension means taking, loneliness. Solicitation: Forcibly brought in like a captive tied with a rope. Soran: There is no change up and down like a rope.
The Tibetan language calls the rope (hsor). The catapult used by the shepherds is called (rdo hsor pronounced "dosso"). It is the source of the pronunciation of "Suo".
Spirit (Spirit)
Spirit (líng), originally referred to the soul, ghost god. Sometimes it is also referred to as a wizard, because a wizard can capture souls and drive ghosts and spirits.
The Tibetan language refers to the soul and the deity as (ling). King Gesar's kingdom was called the "Kingdom of Spirits," which means "kingdom of God."
In Tibet, when wizards destroy the enemy, they first make "Lingga" (a statue made of paper or dough with the image of the enemy, put cloth pieces, hair and other things taken by the enemy), and then cast a spell to make the enemy die without a fight. It can correspond to the "spirit" (靈) with "witch" in it, and is presumed to be the source of the pronunciation.
ginseng
Ginseng (cān), with also, join also. "Sayings": "See, the way of the heavens and the earth." Count from three. Also: "From the crystal, (zhěn) sound." ”
The Tibetan word for "participation" is "can", which also means "curriculum, subject, category". The Feast of the Sages records that in Tibetan customs, after Zampu succeeds to the throne, he appoints ten "cans" and ten "to be" (sde) to assist. This is the source of the pronunciation of "reference". Independent of the pronunciation of (zhěn).
explain
Explanation (chǎn), meaning "explanation, explanation" such as: clarification; interpretation. "Sayings": "Explain, open also." From the door, mono. There is also the meaning of "promotion", such as the "History of Qin Shi Huangji": "Expounding the world".
In Tibetan, the name (敬) and the night are called (mchan "explanation"), as well as the meaning of interpretation and promotion (from the dark "night" and the sky "light").
The Tibetan language also refers to the temple building (rja mchan "family explanation"). This is the source of the pronunciation of "elaboration".
rut
Ruts (zhé), traces of wheels pressed out. "Sayings": "Rut, trace" also known: "From the car, chè) sound." For example, "Zuo Chuan Zhuang Gong Ten Years": "Next, look at its ruts." ”
Amdo Tibetan calls imprints and traces (hdze), which should be the source of the pronunciation of "ruts", regardless of the pronunciation of chè.
Badger
Ráng ( ráng ) , ancient refers to a large macaque or ape animal , but also refers to the ethnic minorities distributed in the Sichuan region. "Collection Rhymes": "Badger, beast name, marmoset genus." ”
The Tibetan word for "self, self" is called (rang), which should be the source of the pronunciation of "badger".
cave
Cave (kū), interpretation: "Cave, room also." From the hole, flexion. "In ancient times, it also referred to places where certain types of people gathered, such as: gambling caves, bandit caves, and magic caves.
"Li Fortune": "In the past, the kings did not have a palace, but in winter they lived in the cave." "Zuo Chuan Xiang Thirty Years": "Zheng Bo has a cave room, and the night drinks wine." ”
The Tibetan word for tent (kur) is supposed to be the source of the pronunciation for "cave.".
dismantle
Dismantling (chāi), known as: "from the hand, from . Righteousness is a crack. "Poetry Daya Shengmin": "Not demolishing (坼) is not secondary, no disaster is harmless." ”
The Tibetan word for "separating, tearing, tearing" (present, over, undo) is called (chae "demolition"), which should be the source of the pronunciation.
Cuo
Cu cuò, which refers to parking a coffin somewhere for burial. By extension, placement, placement. Such as: floating cuo; cuo zhao; temporary cuo; cuo dun; cuo huo salary. "Liezi Tang Asked": "The emperor felt his sincerity, and ordered the second son of the Kwa'e clan to lose the second mountain, one cuo shuo dong, and one cuo yong nan." ”
In Tibetan, funeral and coffin are called (mtchuh), which should be the source of the pronunciation of "cuo".
fig
Figure (tu), plot; seek. Interpretation: "From wei (wei), from beer (bi), from mou also." ”
Amdo Tibetan calls "want, desire, desire" (ndod ba pronounced "Tuba"), which is supposed to be the source of the pronunciation.
Made (ever)
Zào, the original meaning is to go, to go somewhere. "Sayonara": "To create, just to be." Again: "From the voice, the voice." ”
For example, "Funeral Rites and Funerals": "Built under the Western Steps." "Liuhe Dongji": "Tomorrow will create a dynasty." "Another example: nightly visiting; inviting; making a gurudwara; making thanksgiving.
Amdo Tibetan refers to walking, walking, and going as (ndzo ba "zaopa"); "walker" (ndzo bo "zaobo"). Should be the source for the pronunciation.
This Tibetan Amdo Tibetan is also pronounced (vgo ba "過巴"), which has the same meaning and should be the source of the pronunciation of "over".
still
Shàng , the original meaning is reverence. Such as: Shang Wu, Shang Xian, Li Shang Exchange, Fashion, Fashion. "Sayings": "From eight, to the sound." "But that doesn't make sense.
In fact, "Shang" and "Shang" are synonymous and are homologous words. For example, "Poetry, Wang Feng, And Exemption": "There is no work yet." "Zuo Chuan Zhao Gong Thirteen Years": "Yu Shang won the world." "Because the nobility prevails over the world." Self-reliance: boast about yourself.
In Tibetan, honor and venerable person are called (hsang "Shang"), for example, the governor and the highest local administrator are called (yul hsang "Domain Shang"). Should be the source of the pronunciation of "shang".
neck
Neck (jǐng) refers to the neck, but is not used in spoken Chinese. "Sayonara": "Neck, cephalic stem also." "Xunzi Glory and Disgrace": "The little man does not hesitate to extend his neck and raise his heel and wish to know." "Zhuangzi Horseshoe": "Joy is neck to neck." ”
Tibetan calls the neck (mjing), for example, tubo zampu chidsongzan has (mjing yon "neck transport"),which means "crooked neck".
bright
Lǎng, bright and pronounced. "Sayings": "Ming Ye." From the moon, good sound. "That doesn't make sense.
The way the seal "Lang" is created is the meaning of bright moonlight, and by extension, cheerful. Such as: the sky is clear, recitation, sunny, catchy and so on.
The Tibetan language refers to the obvious, clear, and clear as (lhang-ba "langpa"), which is supposed to be the source of the pronunciation and has nothing to do with the pronunciation of "good".
vast
Máng, many, wide. "Rhyme Society": "Vast appearance." "Such as: confused, boundless, vast and wandering.
The Tibetan word for "mang wo" is the source of the pronunciation of "mang".
In Tibetan, there is also the meaning of "dragon", dragon robe: (mang nah "mangna"), corresponding to the word "mang". The people are called "thugs". These are all homologous words.
ride
Horse (jì), the original meaning is cavalry. "Zengyun": "Ma Junyue rides." "Qu Li": "There is a car ride in front of it". "Warring States Policy , Zhao Ce II": "Zhao is three thousand miles, with hundreds of thousands of armor, thousands of cars, and ten thousand horses." "There are ten thousand cavalrymen. "Chu Ci Yuanyou": "Riding (jì) Jiao ge to mess up. ”
Another example is the "Sun Zhen Art of War, Eight Arrays": "Dangerous is more than its horses, and Er is more than its crossbow." Bangu's "Dongdu Fu": "A thousand rides of thunder, ten thousand rides are chaotic." "History of the Chen Shi family": "Ride more than a thousand." All these "horses" (jì) mean "cavalry".
In Tibetan, "ride, ride" (honorific) is called (ji) and imperative is called (qi). Such as non-honorific "cavalry commander" (qi bon "riding book"). This is the pronunciation of the cavalry called "ji".
inverse
Inversion (nì), already present in the Oracle, means disobedience, betrayal, rebellion. Such as: rebels, thieves, parties, conspiracies, usurpers, etc.
In Tibetan, sin and betrayal are called (ni). No offense, no betrayal (yar ni bo "Yar reverse wave"). It is pronounced the same as the Tibetan number "贰" (ni). And "second minister" means "traitor". This is the source of the "inverse" pronunciation.
juice
Juice (zhī): The original meaning is water mixed with certain substances. "Sayonara": "Juice, liquid also." From the water, ten sounds. But this "ten" clearly represents "many" rather than the pronunciation source.
"The Lis of the Suburbs": "The juice is offered to the wine." "History of the Wei Family": "Guest: He advised the prince to attack in battle, and those who wanted to sip juice were many." "Many of the meritorious people also."
In Tibetan, milk, herbs, and paint are called (zhi), which is the source of the pronunciation of "juice". Chinese medicine also calls herbs "soups".
Manchu Culture Network