HR of the enterprise going to sea those things - Japan chapter

holiday

With regard to annual leave, an employee who has worked for 6 months and has more than 80% attendance during the period can receive 10 days of annual leave, one more day more (i.e. 11 days of annual leave for 6 months a year, 12 days of annual leave for 2 years and 6 months, and more than 3 years and 6 months, and 2 more days for 20 days until the 20-day cap). In each annual leave year after 6 months, an attendance rate of 80% is still required as a qualification for annual leave.

Treatment during annual leave: paid by the employer at 100% of the average daily wage.

The right to annual paid leave is valid for 2 years. That is, the untaken portion of the paid leave entitled for the current year may be used until the end of the following year. If an employee does not exercise the right to annual paid leave and loses this right due to reasons such as limitation or separation, it is up to the company to decide whether to provide monetary adjustment compensation according to the number of vacation days remaining, and there is no express provision in law that the untaken annual leave should be compensated.

With regard to sick leave, it is regrettable that there is no paid sick leave in Japan legally.

With regard to maternity leave, maternity leave in Japan is 98 days (14 weeks) in length from 6 weeks before the expected date of delivery to 8 weeks after delivery. Employees are required to notify their employers six weeks before the due date. Maternity benefits are paid by health insurance at 67 per cent of the average daily wage.

Other holidays

Parental Leave - Employees who have worked for an employer for 1 year may apply for parental leave up to the child's age of 2.

Paternity Leave - Male employees who have worked for their employer for more than 1 year are entitled to 12 months of paternity leave

Home Care Leave - Employees who have worked for their employer for 1 year can apply for home care leave for up to 93 days.

Sick Care Leave/Home Care Leave - For the care of sick preschoolers/family members, employees may take 5 days of leave per person, up to a maximum of 10 days.

Social insurance system

Japan's social security system is roughly similar to China's, including pension, medical care, unemployment, work injury insurance, etc., the difference is:

1- Contribution ratio, employers and employees pay the same proportion (not the majority of employers in China)

2 - Public welfare insurance, which is a Japanese characteristic, the proportion of payment is close to pension insurance.

Personal income tax

The tax year in Japan is from January 1 to December 31 in the calendar year.

Individual tax rates range from 10-45%.

Pay the state income tax in full by March 15 of the following year (or in mid-April if paid by automatic bank transfer) and make two advance payments in July and November of the business tax year. The down payment is calculated based on the income of the previous year, that is, you do not pay for the first year in Japan.

wages

Japanese companies generally pay their salaries on the 25th of each month. There are also bonuses in summer and winter every year, which is characterized by the fact that wages are composed of basic wages and subsidies and bonuses in various names, and the proportion of non-basic wages is relatively large.

The standard working hours are 8 hours a day and 40 hours per week. Overtime limits should not exceed 720 hours per year, no more than 100 hours per month (including holiday work), and an average of 80 hours per month for 2-6 consecutive months.

Calculation of overtime pay: 125% of overtime wages should be paid on weekdays, 150% of overtime wages should be paid for work exceeding 60 hours/month of statutory working hours, 135% of overtime wages should be paid on weekly holidays, and 160% of overtime wages should be paid between 10 pm and 5 am. In addition, if an agreement is reached, compensatory leave may be substituted for overtime pay. However, as we all know, Japan's overtime frequency is among the highest in the world, and I estimate that the 996 trend is introduced from Japan.

Entry and exit

With regard to the probationary period, the probationary period in Japan is usually three to six months and cannot exceed one year.

Regarding the notice period for separation: 30 days. If the term of the employment contract is not specified, the resigning party needs to notify the employer 2 weeks in advance.

Severance compensation: Due to the preference for "lifetime employment" in Japan, it is difficult to dismiss employees in practice, so there is no relevant legal provision, and if it is necessary to dismiss an employee, only the relevant personnel of the company (such as management, HR) or lawyers who are third parties can attend the discussion. Other persons are not legally permitted. Of course, if the employee is in the probationary period, he can be dismissed immediately within 14 days of joining the company.

visa

First of all, you need to obtain a certificate of qualification issued by the Japanese Ministry of Justice. It is the employer who applies for proof from the local immigration office on behalf of the employee. The certificate is free and can take up to 3 months to issue. The certificate is valid for 3 months from the date of issue. Once the certificate of qualification has been issued, it is possible to apply for a visa. The most common work permit is a visa issued according to a specific industry. These categories have similar application forms, but require different documents. After all the required documents are prepared, it will take 5 days to process the visa.

The types of visas are mainly divided into the following categories:

(1) Highly skilled professionals

This visa offers preferential immigration treatment for highly skilled foreign professionals and is valid for 5 years. This is a points-based visa, which varies depending on categories such as academic background, career, and annual salary. People who obtain this visa can get permanent after 5 years of living in Japan

(2) Business Manager (Management and Management)

This work visa is for business managers who conduct or invest in business in Japan or manage business on behalf of foreign investors. The length of the visa can be 3 months, 4 months, 1 year, 3 years or 5 years.

(3) Humanities/International Service Engineers/Experts (Technology, Humanistic Knowledge, International Business)

Engineers or humanities specialists require a university degree or more than 10 years of experience. International service workers (e.g. translation, language teaching, public relations) require 3 years of professional experience or only require a university degree, depending on the type of work. The length of the visa can be 3 months, 4 months, 1 year, 3 years or 5 years.

(4) Internal assignees

This visa is for foreigners of foreign companies or subsidiaries of overseas Japanese companies. Employees eligible for this visa must have worked in an overseas office for at least one year. The length of the visa can be 3 months, 1 year, 3 years or 5 years.