Poetry speaks new language‖ Where is Nichiren Pass? The Smoke Wave River is sad

Wen 丨 Wang Yanan (Intern Researcher, Poetry and Wine Culture Research Center, Fangtang Think Tank)

Yellow Crane Tower

--Tang Cui Hao

The people of the past have gone by the Yellow Crane, and the Yellow Crane Tower is empty here.

The yellow crane is gone, and the white clouds are long in the air.

Harukawa calendar Hanyang tree, yerba buena parrot island.

Where is Nippori Pass? The Smoke Wave River is sad.

The Yellow Crane Tower is now located on the top of Wuchang Snake Mountain peak on the south bank of the Changjiang River in Wuhan, Hubei Province, and is known as the "first building of the world's rivers and mountains" and "the best scenery in the world", and is a landmark building in Wuhan. Cui Hao, a famous poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Yellow Crane Tower" here, which made it famous and attracted countless people to come to it.

Cui Hao was a native of Tang Dynasty Fenzhou (汴州, in modern Kaifeng, Henan), who was born around the fourth year of The Wu Dynasty (704) and ascended to the throne in the eleventh year of the Kaiyuan Dynasty (732). Cui Hao enjoys a talented name, but is a debauchery. In his youth, he liked to drink and gamble, and chose his wife based on beauty, and if he did not like his own wishes, he abandoned, which was very thin. Therefore, at that time, people called him "handsome and talented, but no scholarly.".

Cui Hao's poetic style is not static, and the early and late periods are very different. Yin Bian's "Collection of Heroic Spirits of Heyue" records: "Hao was young as a poet, and his name was light and thin. The late knots suddenly change into a normal body, and the wind and bones are awe-inspiring. Take a peek at saigaku and say that you are all about the brigade. That is to say, Cui Hao's young poems flowed in a flashy and light way, and later, after traveling through the border plugs, the poetic style was greatly encouraged, full of generosity and bone.

Cui Hao's poem "Suddenly Changing Changing Normal Body" began with his and the first two years of his southern journey, and was marked by the poem "Yellow Crane Tower" composed by Han Shui when he traveled to Wuchang, Hubei Province. The author climbed the Yellow Crane Tower, looked at his hometown of Bizhou, felt that his hometown was getting closer and closer to him, and his feelings of longing became more and more intense, and then he wrote this poem known as the "Yellow Crane Tower" of the Tang Dynasty's Seven Laws.

"The immortals of the past have flown away on the yellow crane. This place only leaves the empty Yellow Crane Tower. The Yellow Crane never returned here, and for thousands of years only white clouds floated in the air. The green trees of Hanyang Harukawa Pavilion can be recognized throughout the calendar, and the lush parrot island can be seen more clearly. Sunset does not know where my hometown is? Looking at the twilight of the river is even more sad. ”

The first half of the poem expresses the lament of people going to the empty building, and the second half describes the real scene, falling into a heavy nostalgia. Although this poem is a rhythmic poem, the poet uses a swaying ancient style into the law, which can be said to be a variation of the rhythmic poem.

"The people of the past have gone by the Yellow Crane, and the Yellow Crane Tower is empty here. The yellow crane is gone, and the white clouds are long in the air. These verses are written about what the poet saw and felt in the building. After reading it, I only feel that its momentum is directly down, without a trace of stagnation, very cheerful. Although the "yellow crane" appears repeatedly in the poem, we do not feel that it overlaps in reading it, but feels that it is smooth and natural, which is related to the poet's use of ancient poetry syntax, and it is inseparable from the poet's penetration of qi. These four sentences seem to be said casually, but they are bold and neat, showing the magnificent and wild temperament. This majestic and coherent momentum made Li Bai read it.

The last four sentences "Harukawa calendar Hanyang tree, yerba bubicum parrot island." Where is Nippori Pass? The Smoke Wave River is sad. "The main thing that is expressed is a strong sense of nostalgia." "Harukawa" refers to the surface of the River under the sun; "calendar" means clear and countable; "萋萋" describes lush vegetation. The first two verses use the rhetorical technique of confrontation, which has a balanced sense of beauty and enhances the rhythm of the poem.

The "Parrot Island" in poetry is both a place name and a classic. It is now located in The Hanyang District of Wuhan City. Legend has it that at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, when You Heng was a guest of Huang Zu's eldest son Huang Zhi, he wrote an impromptu stroke of his pen to write a "Parrot Endowment" that reads, "Gong Gong Jia Golden Jade, Sentences Want to Fly". Later, You Heng was killed by Huang Zu and buried on the continent. The heroic style of a generation of celebrities has long been obliterated by the grass, and now the poet who takes You Heng as the same tone, but also because of his wildness, is also light and thin, climbing this Yellow Crane Tower, seeing the parrot island, how can the poet not suddenly feel empty, there is a sigh of return?

The pair of "Harukawa" and "Yerba Buena", the pair of neat rhythms, makes the momentum of the first four sentences flowing away suddenly, and because of the metaphor of "Parrot Island", the whole poem runs through, and the latent breath turns inward, overflowing into the sigh of the tail link. This kind of structural system that is also lawful and ancient, and the clumsy structure is convenient for expressing the healthy style of peak into the clouds, and it has reached the super wonderful poetic realm of Tang poetry "God comes, qi comes, love comes".

The poem mentions the "Yellow Crane" twice and the "Yellow Crane Tower" twice. And the immortals flew away with the crane, and the yellow crane never returned, all of which happened on the "Yellow Crane Tower", which seemed to add a bit of Taoist immortality to the "Yellow Crane Tower". The current Yellow Crane Tower is mainly for people to visit and watch, so this "first building of the world's rivers and mountains" was built at the beginning for visiting? What was the purpose of the Yellow Crane Tower?

The Yellow Crane Tower was originally built, mainly for military purposes. It was first built in the second year of Huangwu (223) of the Three Kingdoms Period, mainly to climb the tower to look out for military information. The Tang Dynasty's "Yuanhe County Atlas" records that Sun Quan first built the ancient city of Xiakou, "the west of the city is bordered by the Great River, and the southern corner of the jiangnan is called the Yellow Crane Tower." "It can be known that it was built for military purposes.

In the first year of Tang Yongtai (765), the Yellow Crane Tower had already taken shape, but the fire was frequent, and the Yellow Crane Tower was repeatedly built and abandoned, and in the Ming and Qing dynasties alone, it was destroyed 7 times, rebuilt and repaired 10 times. There is a saying that "the national fortune is prosperous and the building is prosperous". In the seventh year of Qing Tongzhi (1868), this was the last time the Yellow Crane Tower was built, and unfortunately it was destroyed in the Guangxu Decade (1884). Later, it was not until 1985 that the local government rebuilt the Yellow Crane Tower, the main building is modeled after the Qing Tongzhi Building, but it is taller and more majestic.

It can be said that the fate of the Yellow Crane Tower has been moving forward with the flow of history, from the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing, until now, successive dynasties have built it. Moreover, with the different eras, the Yellow Crane Tower presents different shapes and styles, so its majesty has been sung by countless rioters. In addition to Cui Hao's "Yellow Crane Tower", our great leader Mao Zedong also climbed the Yellow Crane Tower in 1927 and wrote the famous "Bodhisattva Man Deng yellow crane tower": "The vast nine schools flow in China, and the sinking line runs through the north and south." Smoke and rain are reckless, and turtles and snakes lock the river. Where does the Yellow Crane go? There are tourists left. Pour out the wine, and the mood will rise higher and higher! How majestic and powerful this poem is, it writes about the anxiety and uneasiness about the future of the revolution and the confidence and optimism about the future path.

So, why did the Yellow Crane Tower change from being used for military purposes to an ornamental platform?

The Yellow Crane Tower was actually a watchtower, but its military use value was gradually exhausted due to the change of dynasties. Because the Yellow Crane Tower has a superior geographical location, it is suitable for climbing high and overlooking, attracting a large number of literati and rioters. It is adjacent to the Yangtze River, looking at the distant mountains, and is located at an altitude of 61.7 meters above sea level of Snake Mountain, standing at the highest level and looking out, the literati can enjoy the feast of vision. The magnificent scenery made them full of emotion, leaving behind a poem related to the Yellow Crane Tower, especially Cui Hao's "Yellow Crane Tower", so that the Yellow Crane Tower became famous, and later became an ornamental tower.

To this day and age, the Yellow Crane Tower can be said to be the emotional connection between us and the Tang Dynasty poet Cui Hao and his time, if you have the time and opportunity, you can personally climb the Yellow Crane Tower, look far away, and once again feel the poet's frank feelings in the poem.

Yes, just like every historical building, the Yellow Crane Tower more or less carries the imprint of the times, witnessing the vicissitudes of the world and the joys and sorrows of the world, it has temperature, it has memory, it has emotions, standing there quietly, waiting for us to touch, to pursue, to feel, to legend.

Editor: Yuan Yuan 丨 Editor: Xu Fengchao 丨Design: Sun Yueyuan