Hypertension in pregnancy is a common obstetric disease, which is manifested by abnormalities such as increased blood pressure, proteinuria, and edema after 20 weeks of pregnancy.
The continental incidence of hypertensive diseases during pregnancy is 9.4%-10%, which can lead to serious consequences such as fetal growth retardation, placental abruption, preterm birth, and postpartum hemorrhage, which is an important cause of maternal death. If the hypertensive disorder during pregnancy is poorly controlled and develops into severe preeclampsia or even eclampsia, it can pose a serious threat to the life of the mother and child. Even in developed countries, the mortality rate in patients with eclampsia is as high as 1%. The purpose of treatment of hypertensive diseases during pregnancy is to prevent the occurrence of severe preeclampsia and eclampsia, and to reduce the rate of maternal-fetal perinatal disease and mortality.
However, although there are various pathogenesis theories of hypertensive diseases in pregnancy, such as trophoblastic invasion theory, immunological theory, endothelial damage theory (proposed by my boss, and recorded in the textbook, said to show a little), but unfortunately, so far, the obstetrics and gynecology community has not found the exact cause or thorough pathogenesis, there are not too many treatment measures, once the development of severe preeclampsia or eclampsia, magnesium sulfate sedatives can not hold back often need to terminate pregnancy as soon as possible.
It is precisely because the exact cause of hypertensive disease in pregnancy is not yet known, which brings considerable difficulty to the prevention of the disease. Fortunately, the relevant research and doctrine have provided us with quite a lot of clues. Pregnant women may be able to reduce the incidence and severity of the disease if they can do the following.
1. Appropriate calcium supplementation during pregnancy.
2. Active weight control before and during pregnancy.
3. Pregnancy at the right age. Don't be too big or too small.
4. Moderate exercise during pregnancy and reasonable rest.
5. Pregnant women with high risk factors can take aspirin orally in the early and middle trimesters of pregnancy under the guidance of a doctor until 34 weeks.
6. If there is an underlying disease, actively treat it, and then get pregnant after stabilization
7. Regular obstetric examinations and follow the doctor's advice.
8, last and most important, is to monitor blood pressure regularly during pregnancy.
In 2017, The Lancet published a document that clearly stated that pregnancy hypertrophy could be avoided if testing could be strengthened, diagnosed early, and therefore given birth in time. This shows the importance of regular monitoring of blood pressure in pregnant women.