Editor's note: In the previous article "Wrong Silver, Silver? This expert often makes a mistake in the question, you can understand this Ming Dynasty sword, "Have you ever heard of a sword?" Junbo, the "knife" that is hung high, actually hides so many secrets", we roughly talk about the gold and silver and the wrong gold and silver, in the reader's message, we are pleased to find that there are still readers interested in these cold knowledge, here we systematically talk about these common crafts decorated in the martial arts and relics.
Armed artifacts can be roughly divided into two categories: harnesses and weapons, and we talk about the name and characteristics of the craft in combination with the decorative technology and processing technology. One. Decorative craftsmanship: Wrong gold and silver: Almost the earliest gold and silver decorative process used by human beings, with a history of thousands of years. Since the Bronze Age, similar decorative processes have appeared on the weapon, which can be said to be one of the oldest decorative crafts on the weapon. Its production is divided into four steps: the first step is to pre-engrave the grooves for the mother model, so that after the instrument is cast, the gold and silver are embedded in the grooves. The second step is the groove. After the bronze is cast, the groove also needs to be processed with a chisel, fine ornamentation, and it is necessary to paint the pattern with an ink pen on the table, and then engrave the shallow groove according to the pattern. The third step is the mosaic. The fourth step is to grind wrong. After the gold wire or gold sheet is inlaid, the surface of the bronze is not flat, and it must be ground with the wrong stone, so that the gold wire or gold sheet and the surface of the copper are naturally smooth, reaching the point of tight silk seam.
Wrong gold and silver are suitable for early high-grade fine pattern weapons and late gold and silver utensils on the fine fine text pattern. It is worth noting that in recent years, there have been continuous errors in the addition of gold and silver to the primitives, so how to distinguish the true from the false? Interested readers may wish to work hard to observe the collection more. At the very least, we must also look at more high-definition pictures, I believe that storing one or two thousand pictures and then classifying, and then looking at thousands of open doors (antique terminology opens the door, a glance at the mountain) artifacts, if there is a chance to get started with some true, fine, rare, new ancient weapons, what kind of forgery can hide from your pair of fire eyes?
The picture shows the bronze texture of the Guobo Tibetan Warring States bronze piece of wrong gold and silver jewelry and the tomb of the Marquis of Hanhai Danglu:
The picture shows the overall map and local map of the Boxi Han Iron Wrong Gold Dagger in Hebei Province:
Iron gold and silver: "Hammer" is to carve a fine grid with a carving knife on the surface of the iron, and then press the extremely fine gold and silver wire into the grid with an iron pen to form a pattern. The purpose of the gold and silver is to prevent rust and has a decorative effect. The artifacts of the gold and silver are mostly used for weapons and harnesses, and the earliest gold and silver objects appeared during the Tang and Song dynasties. Exquisite iron and gold decorative weapons made in the Ming and Qing dynasties were usually utensils used by the royal family. The picture shows the stirrups of the Yuan Dynasty in the private collection, and on the left side is a magnified picture to see the fine network of shading:
Wrapped gold and silver: Gold and silver foil is completely wrapped and covered on the utensils. It can be roughly divided into two types, one is iron tire wrapped gold and silver, and the other is wooden tire wrapped gold and silver. On the left is the metropolitan museum iron tire wrapped gold beast swallow, and on the right is the national museum Tibetan Liao Dynasty wooden tire wrapped silver saddle ornament:
The newly made gold and silver insulation looks easy to confuse with the gold and silver, but the old difference is more obvious, because of hundreds of years of wear, the surface of the old gold and silver ware will bubble, peel off, damage, so that the carcass is exposed. The gold and silver process is not demanding, but it is more expensive. In order to attach well to the carcass, gold and silver-clad weapons are often engraved with caviar ground (pearl ground) to strengthen adhesion. The picture shows the private collection of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Sheschlas machete sheath: iron tire wrapped in silver gilt:
Gilded/gilded: Before the advent of modern electroplating, gilding and gilding in the literature refer to the same process, the process of which is to make gold compatible with mercury to form a gold mercury agent. The gold mercury agent is then evenly applied to the surface of the object, and then heated to allow the mercury to evaporate and allow the gold to attach to the surface of the object. In modern times, there is a difference between gold plating and gilding after the use of electroplating. Gilding is usually attached to copper or wrapped silver skin in material, and is rarely directly gilded on iron, as gold directly gilded on iron is easily worn and shed. The picture on the left shows the Liao bo tibetan western Jin dynasty wooden tire wrapped copper skin gilded stirrup on the right is a private Collection of Qing Dynasty copper gilded double dragon stirrups:
The picture shows the Qing Dynasty hollow copper and gilded sabre from the Metropolitan Museum of Art in the United States:
Second processing technology: hammer (yè): is a long history of human history of gold and silver processing technology, mainly acting on gold, silver, copper these three kinds of good ductility of the metal. The picture shows the bronze hammer hammer wood tire gilded saddle of the Yuan Dynasty in Bozang Province, Inner Mongolia Province:
Engraving: The engraving process is very close to the hammering process, but the tool, processing direction and material loss are all different. There are two kinds of carving textures in the martial arts, bronze carving (first cast and then carved) and iron carving, and there are two kinds of sculpture methods: relief carving and circular carving. The picture shows the Qing Dynasty bronze gilded relief dragon pattern high-ranking official sabre that was exhibited at the Beijing Police Museum:
The picture shows the American Metropolitan Tibetan hollow carved iron hammer gold and silver stirrups:
The picture shows the Beijing Junbo Tibetan iron and gold carving process Qing Dynasty royal dragon's back sabre:
Mosaic: Inlay refers to embedding objects, and embedding refers to clamping small objects in the voids of large objects. Inlay is mostly used in craft production terms, also known as screen carving. The picture shows the American Metropolitan iron-iron engraved bronze engraved with turquoise saddle ornaments:
The picture shows the Qing Dynasty iron and gold inlaid jewelEd belle knife from the Metropolitan Museum of America, it is worth noting that this knife uses a Japanese knife strip:
This article is the original manuscript of the Cold Weapons Research Institute. The original outline of the editor-in-chief and the author Leng Yan saw, any media or public account without written authorization shall not be reproduced, and the offender will be investigated for legal responsibility.