This is the 3647th article of Da Yi Xiao Nursing
Cervical cancer, which seriously threatens the life and health of women, ranks second in incidence, second only to breast cancer. The incidence of cervical cancer in mainland China is 18% of the world's, and 98,900 women have cervical cancer, with a death toll of about 30,000, which is declining year by year.
In 1974, german scholar Zur Hausen first proposed that human papillomavirus and cervical cancer have a correlation, and after a large number of studies confirmed that 99.7% of cervical cancer can detect high-risk human papillomavirus, the cause of cervical cancer has since been revealed, Zur Hausen won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Medicine. This discovery is a remarkable breakthrough in the medical community, and cervical cancer has become the only cancer with a clear cause. The cause is found, early cognition, early prevention, early diagnosis, early treatment, and complete cure, it is no longer impossible.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is widely present in nature, with more than 100 types, ranging from high-risk and low-risk types. High-risk types can cause cervical and reproductive tract cancers, while low-risk types can cause genital warts.
Early cognitive education
1. Early sex education, the mother is the first teacher, the school opens physiological hygiene and hygiene classes as soon as possible, to avoid premature sexual behavior and avoid sex-related infectious diseases and other accidents;
2. Early understanding of cervical cancer is an infectious disease, high-risk HPV infection (high-risk human papillomavirus) is a clear cause of cervical cancer, and active prevention;
3. Sexual behavior is the main way of HPV transmission, hand hygiene, sexual hygiene, and environmental hygiene are not in place, and contact with HPV-infected dirt can also be infected;
4. Early sexual life, many sexual partners, unclean sexual behavior, too many children and too dense, etc., are important factors leading to HPV infection and should be avoided;
Timely vaccinations
1. Bivalent vaccine: women in the age range of 9 to 45 years old can be vaccinated. The subtypes of HPV prevented by the bivalent vaccine are mainly for high-risk types 16 and 18;
2. Quadrivalent vaccine: Women in the age range of 20-45 years old can be vaccinated. The HPV subtypes prevented by quadrivalent vaccines are mainly for high-risk types 16, 18 and low-risk types 6 and 11;
3. Nine-valent vaccine: the age range is only suitable for women aged 16-26 years. Nine-valent vaccines include high-risk types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58, and low-risk types 6 and 11. It is recommended that women should complete the vaccination of the nine-valent HPV vaccine before the age of 26, and can play a preventive role in cervical cancer caused by high-risk HPV infection and genital warts and common warts caused by low-risk HPV infection.
4. Different ages, different valence types, vaccination time and interval time are not the same, whether it is a suitable individual for vaccination, whether there are contraindications, precautions before and after vaccination, etc., should be consulted with the vaccination department before vaccination.
5, no matter which price type the vaccine is, it is not a "panacea", nor will it be "a hammer" for lifelong immunity, scientific face, pay attention to hygiene, clean yourself, should pay attention to, should be reviewed, must be in place.
Regular cervical screening
1. Women with sexual life should be screened for cervical cancer regularly, that is, human papillomavirus examination (HPV) and liquid-based cervical cytology (TCT) to find abnormalities and deal with them in time.
2. The Guidelines for the Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Cervical Cancer of the Women's Health Branch of the Chinese Medical Association pointed out that women with surnames and surnames, 25-64 years old, are people who need to be screened, and abnormalities are found for further examination. Multiple checks are normal to relax the interval of years.
3. According to different individuals, different sexual life experiences, different pregnancies, birth histories, different clinical manifestations, different family histories, etc., different intervals are taken for screening, so as not to miss diagnosis or delay diagnosis.
Early diagnosis and early treatment
1. When abnormalities are found through cervical screening, further colposcopy is required, and biopsy tissue is taken at the lesion site for pathological examination, and if necessary, it is diagnosed with immunohistochemical staining, and abnormal treatment is found in time.
2. After multi-point biopsy, cervical canal scraping or cervical cone incision at the site of cervical lesions, the classification and clinical staging of the disease are confirmed, and different treatment methods are taken to determine the type of surgery, the scope of surgery, and whether radiotherapy or chemotherapy is required.
3. Clinical manifestations such as increased vaginal discharge, abnormal color, odor, abnormal vaginal bleeding, bleeding after intercourse, abnormal cervical appearance found on examination, etc., even if HPV and TCT are not detected abnormally, they must be paid attention to and further examination must be done.
Cervical cancer is currently the only cancer with a clear cause, it is preventable, controllable and treatable, and the pathogenesis process is relatively long, from HPV infection to the development of cervical cancer, it generally takes 5-10 years, we have the opportunity to find early, early diagnosis, there is enough time for effective treatment, there is no need to "talk about cancer discoloration". As long as enough attention is paid, no one will and should not lose to cervical cancer.
Author: Professor Guo Shuzhen