Seven ancient poems of Yang Liu in the First Tang Dynasty: Yang Liu is chaotic into silk, climbing and folding in the spring
Yang's earliest writings are found in the Jin wen and Yishu of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Yishang said: "There is no disadvantage to the old man who has his wife." It can be known that the poplar tree is a tree species with a high lifespan and easy survival in ancient times. New leaves grew on the dead old poplar tree, and the old man married his wife, just as the poplar tree has a heritage and new vitality.
At this time, Yang refers to all the waterside trees of the Willow family. This natural tree grows quickly, is easy to survive, and is the most practical building material and home tree species for ordinary people in ancient times. The so-called poplar is the willow, which is the willow.
"Once upon a time, Willow Yiyi."
Now I come to think, rain and snow. "Verses of the Book of Tsai Wei"
An ordinary soldier, after experiencing conquest, hardships, upheavals, and displacement, embarked on the way home, he saw the willow at the time of parting, once it was the spring breeze swaying, below stood his young wife, clinging to it, but now back, the wind and snow are full of roads, the willow stands in the boundless wind and snow, only vaguely recognized the appearance, does his wife know the news of his return? In short, he stepped into the village in the snow and wind, and what awaited him may still be unknown.
Willow is the tree of the homeland, at this time or not yet popular folding willow to send off, but the soothing feeling of home stability brought by willow is unique.
"The East is unknown, upside down the clothes."
Upside down, self-proclaimed.
Folding willow fan garden, crazy husband Qu Qu.
You can't go to night, and if you don't dream, you can't. "Zhou · Poetry "The East Is Unknown"
In the Book of Poetry, "The East Is Unknown", it is written about the anger of the aristocratic officials of the Zhou Dynasty. The East was not yet bright, and I hurried to get dressed in the middle of the night.
Dressing haphazardly, why is it so busy, because the imperial court has an order and must arrive.
The peasants who had no culture and built small farmhouses at will by folding willows in the countryside occupied an important position in the imperial court at this time.
Government decrees are absurd, day and night are not divided, the hour is unknown, upside down, and people are indignant.
The personnel of the important decree of Si Zhang will certainly not be peasants, but here the phrase "folding willows and fanpu, crazy husband Qu Qu" is used to describe the rudeness and strength of the other side, like the peasants in the countryside who are half scooped.
Then this poem brings another message, that is, during the Zhou Dynasty, it was a very common phenomenon for farmers to use folded willow cuttings to build land partitions and courtyard fences. That is to say, the cuttings of the willow tree species were used for life, and it must have been pushed far away before the Zhou Dynasty.
The Han Dynasty was an era of great unity and great heroism. Baqiao was in the east of the capital city of Chang'an, and during the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin Mugong dominated Xirong and built Baqiao, which connected the main traffic arteries in the east of Xi'an. For Chang'an Chongyao, the location here is very important, but there are also frequent floods, and the ancient wisdom of the people planted willows here to stabilize the foundation of Baqiao.
"Three Auxiliary Huangtu Bridge": "The Bridge is in the east of Chang'an City. Cross the water as a bridge. The Han people sent guests to this bridge and folded willows to bid farewell. When Wang Mang was in trouble, the Bridge disaster, thousands of people could not be saved with water fertility, and even more Baqiao was used as a long-lasting bridge. ”
This is the Eastern Han Dynasty or not far from the Han Dynasty period, written a capital geography book, clearly written that folding willow is the Western Han Chang'an farewell custom, at this time the Baqiao coast should be lush willows, frequent carriages and horses, in addition to the domestic farewell There are also various international trade merchants here, north to south. There are many people and many stranded people, which naturally forms a farewell culture.
First, folding willows or seedlings to send off, or originating from folk earlier, is the folk custom of migrating and moving with willow branches or seedlings, hoping that the other party will not forget the homeland to take root.
Second, the willow still contains the meaning of retention.
Third, this culture can be formed here, or because there are many willow trees, there have been official and folk tree planting activities in early spring, and the survival rate of willows is high, and folding willows in the Western Han Dynasty is a farewell culture pushed by multiple factors and has become a custom.
If you cross the Baqiao Bridge in the Western Han Dynasty, where small traders peddle all kinds of willow branches shipped from other places, everyone has a hand and wears a willow leaf garland on their head, which is absolutely a scenery. Because there are no more willows in Baqiao, they can't withstand waves of people climbing. Actually folding willows and planting willow trees have been running in parallel.
So soon, this custom of folding willows and sending farewells was extended from the Kyoshi to other places.
Fortunately, willows are fast-growing, and there are them everywhere.
"Hao Hao Yang Chun Fa, Yang Liu He Yiyi."
Hundreds of birds return from the south, soaring to gather my branches. "Eastern Han Dynasty · Zhang Heng "Song"
Zhang Heng is the one who invented the ground motion instrument, which at least writes about the love of the people in the capital city during the Eastern Han Dynasty for Yang Liu.
When the mighty east wind blows, the sun and warmth make the willows emit flexible branches.
Countless birds flew in from the south, soaring and staying on the branches.
The willow here uses "I", which is intended to be in the first person, which proves that the status of the willow at this time has finally changed from the pastoral tree of the Western Zhou To the urban tree species that everyone likes. Among them, the credit of Baqiao Tobacco Willow can not be underestimated. In order to prevent flooding, the willows became the beautiful scenery of the empire. In some Eastern Han dynasty poems, thin willows are sandwiched and planted with roads leading to the palace.
Folding willows flourished during the Wei and Jin dynasties. From the Wei Emperor Cao Pi to the ordinary people, they all left behind poems that folded Yang Liuxing.
"Lush riverside trees, green wild field grass."
Give up my hometown guest, will be suitable for the road.
The wife took her clothes and held them in tears.
He also attached a young boy, Gu Tuo's brother and sister-in-law.
Whoever makes Er poor, what is the way to consult. "Cao Wei · Excerpt from Cao Pi's "Folding Willow Line"
This is the era of war and chaos, people fold willows to send off, with endless parting sorrows, although Cao Pi can not catch up with his younger brother Cao Zhi, but before he became an emperor, he was still a very grounded nobleman. He also saw the endless suffering caused by the war and conquest. The poem was written for a friend, because his friend happened to be on a long trip and had a wife at home.
He could imagine the other party saying goodbye to his wife and children by the river. The wife also pulled on his clothes, and the other party entrusted the child to his wife and brother-in-law, and shed tears and parted because the family was poor. Although only the lush river tree is used in the text, the title indicates that it is "Folding The Willow Line", this poem does not write about the willow, but writes the parting like a willow.
"The spring breeze is still depressed. Gone as new as ever.
Painstaking. Fold the willows.
Sorrow filled the stomach. The history is uncountable. Wei Jin · Anonymous "Thirteen Songs of the Moon Festival Folding Willows", one of the first song of the first month
There are thirteen folk songs sung in this group according to the monthly order, and there are also songs with leap months. This is a real folk song.
In each poem, there is a sentence of folding willow, one is that this group of songs is the embodiment of customs, around the folding willow, and the other is that each sentence has folded willow, repeating the cycle, constantly pushing up this farewell emotion, like a deep auxiliary, aggravating the situation and feelings.
The spring breeze is still small, everything is depressed, the past time is gone, and spring is coming again.
My mood was not a day, with willow branches folded in my hands, full of sorrow and worry.
So why is she like this, because the beloved, leaving her, she is struggling to stay.
In thirteen months, seeing all the flowers in the world and the happiness of the world, she was not happy, she only had the willow in her heart, worried that her husband could not return, or empathized with love, or life and death were unknown.
She tossed and turned in the midst of lovesickness and sorrow, and often had to comfort herself, which looked really miserable and moving.
If such a song is sung in a loop, I am afraid that tears can feed a willow tree.
In the era of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, folding willows on the one hand represented farewell, on the other hand, it was one of the activities of early spring to enjoy spring, because at this time, young willow cuttings could live, and folding willows was a custom of early spring walking. Acacia, of course.
"The Wushan Wuxia is long, and the weeping willows are weeping.
With one heart and one heart, the old man cherishes his hometown.
The mountains are like lotus flowers, and the streams are like bright moonlight.
The cold night apes were full of voices, and the wanderers were in tears. "Nanliang · Xiao Xuan", "Folding Willow"
This is the folded willow of Xiao Xuan, the king of Xiangdong in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, at this time he was 17 years old, his brother Xiao Gang was 22 years old, and his brother was as valuable as he was one of the princes, at this time his brother was guarding the border area of Sichuan, and Xiao Xuan had the opportunity to come to his brother's station and accompany his brother for the New Year here.
The two people have a deep brotherly relationship, and Xiao Xuan especially understands his brother's mood with his youthful sensitivity.
This Wushan Wuxia in Sichuan Is steep and long, and there are the most beautiful weeping willows here.
I and your brother are in the same heart, folding willows together, and nostalgic for nanjing's hometown together.
The mountains here are like lotus flowers, with petals and petals standing, and the moonlight here hits the mountains, and everywhere is eerie and beautiful and steep.
I listen to the apes crying in the middle of the night with you, and I can know that you miss your hometown.
"The willows are messed into silk, climbing and folding in the spring.
Leafy birds fly in the air, and the wind is light and the flowers fall late.
The city is tall and short, and the forest is empty and the corner is sad.
There is no other meaning in the song, and it is for acacia. "Nanliang · Xiao Gang 's Three Songs of Horizontal Blowing Song with the King of Xiangdong, One of Which Folds The Willow)
Xiao Gang was the older brother of Xiao Xuan, the king of Xiangdong, and they were five years apart. They had a trusting childhood and adolescence, and had a very pure brotherly feeling.
This poem was written when he was 22 years old, facing his brother who came from afar, and accompanied him in Sichuan for the New Year, and his heart was very emotional. Moreover, the younger brother himself played the flute to sing the praises of the early spring willows here. He responded by writing.
It is another year of willow-like early spring, and it is the most beautiful new month season of a year of folding willows.
The willows flourished every day, covering the yellow orioles, and they could not see the trajectory of their flight, and the spring breeze was gentle, and the plum blossoms were flying.
I stand with you on this wall, and what I see is my own upheaval and toil, and I think of the war.
And I listened to the folded willow you blew, I heard the deep affection inside, that is, missing me, can't bear to leave.
I think it is very well written, at this time, Xiao Gang and his younger brother Xiao Yi are both princes, and they have not yet fully appreciated the bloody rain and bloody wind after adulthood, but it is valuable to the friendship and perception of this royal disciple.
Later, Xiao Gang was made emperor from crown prince, and then killed by the treacherous minister Hou Jing, and Xiao Yi raised an army to eliminate Hou Jing and avenge him.
This is a rare true imperial brother in history.
Then it can be seen that during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sichuan also had the custom of folding willows in early spring.
Folding willows in the first month is also a kind of New Year custom, of course, in this brother's poem, the beauty of parting is superimposed.
Then this custom to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, especially the Tang Dynasty, after the restoration of Baqiao, planting willows, and at this time the willows are mostly selected from Sichuan rich weeping willows, spectacular and soft, with a sense of history. There are many plantings in the city palace, and the farewell of folded willows has become a grand farewell landscape of the capital after the Han Dynasty, and many beautiful poems of folding willows have been born.
Looking back at history, we can know that the folded willows start from the folk, have endless life, and cling to them. Blessing, retention, spring and other multiple meanings, the Han Dynasty Chang'an is a rising peak, to the Southern and Northern Dynasties folk has been widely popular, to the Tang Dynasty, the formation of a flourishing poetry culture of folding willows.
Regarding the folded willow poems of the Tang Dynasty, the following is detailed.
Hatsuyoshi Katsuyuki interprets the love and beauty in the poems for you. Image from the web.