On the afternoon of February 19, the Department of Culture and Tourism of Shandong Province held a press conference to announce the list of the five new archaeological discoveries in Shandong Province in 2021 and the list of outstanding field archaeological sites in Shandong Province in 2020-2021, and introduced the relevant situation. The reporter learned from the meeting that the Guo family cemetery in the Yuan Dynasty of Jinan was selected as one of the five new archaeological discoveries in Shandong Province in 2021.
Shandong's largest Yuan Dynasty era brick carved mural family cemetery
Jinan Yuan Dynasty Guo family cemetery
Jinan Yuan Dynasty Guo family tomb is located about 1 km southeast of Jijiazhai Village, Dongjia Street, Licheng District, Jinan City, found in archaeological pre-exploration, excavated by the Jinan Archaeological Research Institute.
The Guo family cemetery in the Yuan Dynasty of Jinan covers an area of about 1500 square meters, with a total of 12 tombs, numbered M7-M18. Among them, 11 are brick mural tombs and 1 is a stone chamber tomb. In the brick carved mural tomb, there are various types of brick carvings, including imitation wood structure buildings, tables and chairs, lamps, hangers, etc. The murals are rich in color, including white, black, red, green, yellow, orange, blue, etc., with a wide range of themes, including architecture, horse control diagrams, stop map, opening feast, opening door diagram, filial piety story diagram, cloud crane diagram and flowers. The artifacts excavated from the cemetery include more than 100 pieces (sets) of porcelain and bronze ware.
There are 7 tombs in the Guo family cemetery of the Yuan Dynasty in Jinan, with chronological texts found, dating back to the third year of Taiding (1326 AD), the latest to the Zhizheng period (1341-1368 AD), the 5 tombs are concentrated in the fourth and fifth years of the Yuan Dynasty (1338, 1339 AD), and the owners of the tombs include Guo Jia's father Guo De, Guo Qiweng's mother Li Shi, Guo Bagong, Guo Shigong, Guo Shigong, Guo Shigong, and Guo Shi2. The project has important academic value:
1. The Guo family cemetery in the Yuan Dynasty is the first time that the evidence is sufficient and the age is clear in Shandong, and it is also the Yuan Dynasty family cemetery with the largest number of mural tombs in Shandong, which is an important new discovery in the archaeology of tombs in Shandong and even in China in recent years;
2. The tomb of the Yuan Dynasty brick carving mural tomb (M12) with a clear year before and after the double chamber and the burial custom (M9) hidden under the green bricks in the tomb chamber are the first to be found in Shandong;
3. The tombs are arranged in an orderly manner, there is a blood relationship between the owners of the tombs, the cemetery is obviously planned, the tomb shape system and burial customs are quite different (cremation, burial, relocation, and joint burial), and the tomb brick carvings and murals are rich in content, which provide representative materials for the study of ethnic exchanges and integration in jinan in the late Yuan Dynasty, the arrangement of family cemeteries, the daily life of specific classes, customs and habits, religious beliefs and the process of tomb construction;
4. There are many types of porcelain excavated from the cemetery, including multiple kiln openings, which can be used as the standard instrument of the late Yuan Dynasty, which has the role of a ruler for the late Yuan Dynasty, and provides new materials for the study of the porcelain system for tombs in Shandong in the late Yuan Dynasty and the trade between the north and the south;
5. Scientific and technological archaeological analysis of porcelain and mural pigments unearthed in cemeteries can provide relevant basic information for the academic community;
6. The excavation of human bones from the cemetery provides new materials for the study of the social structure, life pattern, population composition, physical development, health status, food structure and even epidemic transmission of ancient residents in Jinan in the Yuan Dynasty;
7. The mountain names and place names in the epitaphs or inscriptions can be directly related to the existing locations, providing new materials for the study of the administrative divisions and population migration of Jinan since the Yuan Dynasty.
The cemetery is photographed on the air
M9, M12 brick carved gatehouse
Brick carving on the north wall of the M10 burial chamber
Painted building on the upper south wall of the front room of M12
M10, M15 tomb north wall opening diagram
M7, M8, M12 Excavated Character Materials
M8 Excavated Items
Source | Tianxia Quancheng client
Edit | Jack