Cancer, the origin is complex
Humanity has not yet fully grasped it
But there are many risk factors associated with lifestyle
We can do a good job of "preventive injections" in advance
Reduces the risk of cancer
Dian Ge compiled a list of the more common Class 1 carcinogens (Class 1 carcinogens: substances, mixtures and exposures that are clearly carcinogenic to humans) to see what are:
1. Grill and remember 3 little tricks
Cold winter day, after work a barbecue, cool!
High-end ingredients often only need simple cooking; the smoke of oil flowers, mixed with the aroma of food...
However, when meat is roasted at high temperatures (more than 200 degrees Celsius)[1], smoke from charcoal not being fully burned, fumes from dripping meat fat, and charred food may contain carcinogens such as benzopyrene.
Benzopyrene is listed as a Class 1 carcinogen by the World Agency for Cancer Research[2], and as long as it is not eaten every day and eaten every day, the impact on health is not large [2].
Barbecue Tips:
1. Try not to use an open flame to reduce smoke adhesion (can be wrapped in tin foil) [2];
2. Do not eat the burnt part;
3. Change clothes after the barbecue to reduce skin contact [3].
2. Processed meat, do not exceed 50 grams per day
Bacon, brother's favorite.
However, processed meats, including bacon (jerky, canned meat, sausages, etc.), may contain heme iron, nitrates, nitrites, and mutagenic compounds [4].
Heterocyclic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and N-nitroso compounds [5-8] during processing are all carcinogens.
Note to fans who like to eat: the daily intake should be controlled within 50 grams [9], don't be greedy.
3. Chinese-style salted fish, not for everyone
The salted fish we eat is generally salted and then dried, and a large number of nitroso compounds (such as nitrosodimethylamine) are generated in this process, which has clear carcinogenicity [10].
Experiments have shown that people who eat salted fish once a week have an 80 percent increased risk of nasopharyngeal cancer than those who never eat it [10].
Eating salted fish has a relatively small effect on adults, but on adolescents and infants in the weaning stage [11].
Adults can eat occasionally, try to give children fresh fish.
1. First-hand smoke and electronic cigarettes are the same, and they should stay away from second-hand smoke
Tobacco, smokeless tobacco, and second-hand smoke are all Class 1 carcinogens [2].
Of the 93 known toxic substances in cigarettes, 78 were clear carcinogens.
Studies have shown that smoking may contribute to an increased risk of more than 20 diseases [12]. I hope that everyone will be self-conscious and not smoke in public places.
Don't smoke, and don't hurt others.
According to 50 years of research in the United States, secondhand smoke may lead to sudden death syndrome in infants and children, respiratory infections, ear infections, and asthma attacks, resulting in an increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer in adults who do not smoke [15].
Secondhand smoke has no safe limits, and inhalation is harmful.
2. Drink alcohol, the safe dose is zero
A glass of wine after a meal, live to ninety-nine?
Just listen to that!
An assessment of the health burden of alcohol in the authoritative medical journal The Lancet showed that there is no safe dose of alcohol consumption, and it is best to drink alcohol without sticking [16].
Ethanol and alcoholic beverages in alcoholic beverages are Class 1 carcinogens [2].
Of course, life is involuntary, when you have to drink, remember:
1. Moderate
Alcohol intake per day for adults:
Men: no more than 25 grams (about a bottle of beer);
Women: No more than 15 grams (about a can of beer).
2. Drinking tips
Before drinking: eat some bread, milk, rice;
When drinking: drink more soup, water, eat more dishes;
After drinking: drink more juice and water.
3, do not mix with drinking
Do not mix sparkling wine (e.g., champagne, beer) or beverages (e.g., Coke, Sprite, soda) together;
Do not mix caffeinated beverages;
Do not mix white wine, wine, and beer.
3. Sun protection, regardless of gender, regardless of season
The brother is relatively rough, hats, sunscreen are rejected, but this is a very bad habit!
Sunscreen is not just to prevent tanning, but more importantly to prevent skin cancer!
The American Society of Dermatology gives four recommendations [18]:
1. If you go out under the hot sun, try to wear sunscreen clothing
10:00 ~ 14:00, the sun is the strongest, can reduce the number of outs;
If you want to go out, try to wear long sleeves, long pants, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses that protect against ultraviolet rays.
2. Use a waterproof sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher
On cloudy days, you should also protect yourself from the sun
Sunscreen should cover everything that is not covered by clothing. Apply approximately 1 teaspoon (visually) of sunscreen to the face and neck, 2 teaspoons on the front and back of the trunk, 1 teaspoon each on the upper limbs, and 2 teaspoons on the lower limbs[19], increasing or decreasing depending on the size of the individual;
Don't forget the overlooked parts of the toes, neck, ears, and the top of the head (bald people: don't cue).
3. When outdoors, don't forget to apply sunscreen
It is best to reapply sunscreen every two hours;
Need to be reapplied after swimming or sweating.
4. Be extra careful near water, snow and sand
They reflect the sun's destructive rays and may increase the risk of sunburn.
I say this not to scare everyone, but to:
Let us live a healthy and happy life with red dust!
Like, forward, favorite, go up~
Know a little more, don't see "carcinogenic" and be nervous:
Class 2A carcinogens: substances, mixtures and places of exposure that are likely to be carcinogenic to humans;
Class 2B carcinogens: substances, mixtures and places of exposure that may be carcinogenic to humans;
Class 3 Carcinogens: Substances, mixtures and places of exposure that are likely not to be carcinogenic to humans.
Reviewers:
Nguyen Quang Feng
Director of science and technology department of Coxin Food and Health Information Exchange Center
Yan Yan
Chief Physician, Department of Dermatology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
bibliography
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[2] WHO-IARC. IARC monographs on the identification of carcinogenic hazards to humans[EB/OL].2021-11-17. https://monographs.iarc.who.int/agents-classified-by-the-iarc/.
[3] Wu, Chen-Chou et al. “Barbecue Fumes: An Overlooked Source of Health Hazards in Outdoor Settings?.” Environmental science & technology vol. 49,17 (2015): 10607-15.
[4] Bouvard V, Loomis D, Guyton KZ, et al. Carcinogenicity of consumption of red and processed meat. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16: 1599– 600.
[5] Marmot M , Atinmo T , Byers T , et al. Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective[J]. nutrition bulletin, 2007.
[6] Latino-Martel P, Cottet V, Druesne-Pecollo N, et al. Alcoholic beverages, obesity, physical activity and other nutritional factors, and cancer risk: a review of the evidence. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 99: 308– 23.
[7] WCRF/AICR. Colorectal cancer 2011 report: Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer, 2011.
[8] Bastide NM, Pierre FH, Corpet DE. Heme iron from meat and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis and a review of the mechanisms involved. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4: 177– 84.
[9] World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research. Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective. 2007.
[10] Yuan, J M et al. “Preserved foods in relation to risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Shanghai, China.” International journal of cancer vol. 85,3 (2000): 358-63.
[11] Barrett, Donal et al. “Past and Recent Salted Fish and Preserved Food Intakes Are Weakly Associated with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Risk in Adults in Southern China.” The Journal of nutrition vol. 149,9 (2019): 1596-1605.
[12] Bohadana A, Freier-Dror Y et al. Extending varenicline preloading to 6 weeks facilitates smoking cessation: A single-site, randomised controlled trial. EClinical Medicine. 2020 Feb 3;19:100228.
[13] Berridge V.Electronic cigarettes and history. Lancet 2014;383(9936):2204-2205.
[14] DeVito EE, Krishnan-Sarin S. E-cigarettes: Impact of E-Liquid Components and Device Characteristics on Nicotine Exposure. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2018;16(4):438-459.
[15] US Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking—50 years of progress: a report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2014. http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/reports/50-years-of-progress/full-report.pdf
[16] GBD 2016 Alcohol Collaborators. Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and teritories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016[J]. Lancet, 2018.23:1015-1035.
[17] National Cancer Institute.Alcohol and Cancer Risk. [EB/OL].2018-9-13. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/alcohol/alcohol-fact-sheet.
[18] American Academy of Dematology Association. Skin Cancer Prevention[EB/OL].https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/prevent/how.
[19] Isedeh P, Osterwalder U, Lim HW. Teaspoon rule revisited: proper amount of sunscreen application. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2013; 29:55.
Author: Guo Qian | Designer: Black Cat
Editors: Guo Qian, Zhao Yanan, Zhang Liang
Typesetting: Han Ningning | Proofreader: Wu Yihe
Operations: Li Yongmin | Coordinator: Wu Wei