Today, Teacher Wang prepared 10 methods for high school Chinese language translation for students, so that you can easily overcome ancient Chinese translation.
One increase
It is an addition, an omission in a textual elliptical sentence when translating. Note: Make up the omitted components or statements with parentheses.
1. Add subject, predicate or object omitted from the original text
Example 1: "When you see a fisherman, you are shocked and ask where you have come from." Translation: "When [the people in Taoyuan] saw the fisherman, he was surprised and asked him where he came from." ”
Example 2: "One drum blows, then declines, three exhausts." The predicate "drum" is omitted after "re", "three", which should be added when translating.
Example 3: "Jun and Gu Lai." "with" after the object "of".
2. Add related words that make semantics clear
Example 4: "If it is not cured, it will be deeper" is a hypothetical sentence, which translates to "(If) it is not treated, it will be more profound".
Two deletions
That is, to delete, all the words in ancient Chinese, auxiliary words that play a symbolic role in sentence structure, and auxiliary words that make up syllables, etc., because there is no word in modern Chinese that can be replaced, so there is no need to translate it when translating, it can be deleted.
Example 1: "Husband fighting, courage also." Translation: "Fighting depends on courage." "Fu" is a pronunciation word, deleted and not translated.
Example 2: "Confucius Ziyun: What is ugly?" Translation: "Confucius said: What is so simple?" "Is a sign preceded by the object, deleted and not translated."
Example 3: "The teacher's way is not passed on for a long time." Translation: "The fashion of learning from a teacher has not existed for a long time." "Also" is a mood aid in the sentence, which plays a soothing role and has no real meaning. When translating, it can be completely removed.
Three tones
That is, when translating the inverted sentences of the text, the ancient Chinese inverted sentence pattern should be adjusted to the modern Chinese sentence pattern, so that it conforms to the modern Chinese expression habits, so that the translation sentence can be smooth. This requires adjusting the word order of the sentence, in three cases:
1. The predicate moves back
Example: "Very much! It is not beneficial. It can be adjusted to "Ru is not beneficial to you".
2. Move the postposition forward
Example: "A group of courtiers and a people, who can stab the widow in the face, are rewarded." It can be adjusted to "a group of courtiers who can stab the widows in the face."
3. Move the front object backwards
Example: "Why fight?" Can be adjusted to "what to fight".
4. The introductory phrase moves forward.
Example: "Also from Yangzhou." Can be adjusted to "since Yangzhou also".
Four stays
That is, retention, all words, proper nouns, country names, era names, personal names, object names, personal names, official positions, place names, etc. with the same meaning in ancient and modern times can be retained unchanged when translating.
Example: "In the spring of the fourth year of the Celebratory Calendar, Teng Zijing guarded Baling County." Translation: "In the spring of the fourth year of the celebratory calendar, Teng Zijing was relegated to Baling County as a Taishou. "Four years of the Celebratory Calendar" is the year name, and "Baling County" is a place name that can be retained directly.
Five expansions
It's the extension.
1. Single-syllable words are expanded into synonymous two-syllable words or polysyllabic words.
Example: "What if it is more important and more reborn?" Translation: "Change your servants, restore your taxes, so what?" Serving" and "Fu" are expanded into two-syllable words.
2. Concise and yifeng sentences, expanding their content according to the meaning of the sentence.
Example: "With the enemy in mind, why not?" Translation: "Bring the enemy to surrender, let the people from afar come, and who will not come?"
Six shrinkage
It is condensation, some sentences in the text, in order to enhance the momentum, deliberately practical and complicated, in translation should be condensed in their meaning.
Example: "There is a sweeping world, a treasure between the universe, the meaning of the four seas, and the heart of the eight wildernesses." Translation: "(Qin) has the ambition to annex the world and unify the four seas." ”
Seven straight
That is, literal translation refers to the current translation method of closely following the original text and performing reciprocal translation according to the words and sentences of the original text. For the real words, most of the virtual words, active words and tongkan words in the text, they are generally directly translated, otherwise, they cannot be counted as quasi-translations in the examination process.
Example: "Bright and lush, lots of fun." Translation: "The water is clear, the trees are lush, the mountains are high, the grass is full, it is really interesting." ”
Eight meanings
That is, paraphrasing refers to the current translation method of the whole translation based on a thorough understanding of the content of the original text, in order to reflect the charm of the original work. Some rhetorical forms in the text, such as metaphor, intertextuality, borrowing, euphemism, etc., can not be directly translated should be properly handled, and it should be paraphrased.
1. Intertextuality cannot be translated literally
Intertextuality, the context is interlaced and complements each other, and the interaction is seen and combined to complete the meaning.
Example 1: "Qin Shi Mingyue Han Shi Guan" translation: "Qin Han Ming Yue, Qin Han Shi Guan".
Example 2: "A general dies in a hundred battles, and a strong man returns in ten years." It can be translated as: "Generals and brave soldiers have experienced hundreds of battles, some died on the battlefield, and some returned triumphantly." ”
2. Metaphor
For example, the "Golden City" in "Golden City" cannot be translated as "a city built of gold" or "a city built of metal", but can be translated as "steely city defense" or "strong city defense".
3. Borrowing
For example: "Cloth" in "Chenben Cloth" represents people who have not been officials, and "Ten Thousand Bells" in "Ten Thousand Bells to Me He Jia Yan" represents high-ranking official Houlu, and so on. The "yellow hair" in "yellow hair hanging down and enjoying yourself" refers to the elderly, and "hair hanging" refers to children.
4. Gentle song
Mainly to avoid secrecy. For example, the death of the king is described as "mountain collapse", his own death is said to be "filling in the gully", and the toilet is said to be "changing clothes".
Nine substitutions
is substitution.
1. Replace ancient vocabulary with modern vocabulary.
2. Replace modern words or phrases with synonyms or synonyms.
Example 1: "Foolishness thinks that the affairs of the palace are no big or small, and they are consulted." The word "foolish" in this sentence should be replaced by "I"; "Si", to be replaced by "all"; "Consulting" should be replaced by "consultation".
Example 2: "Despicable" in "The former emperor is not despicable" should be replaced by "humble origin and short-sightedness".
3. Replace the fixed structure with a modern word or structure.
Example: "However...": Replace it with "If so, then..."; "Why......?" Replace it with "According to what...".
Ten choices
It is to choose, the phenomenon of multiple meanings and multiple uses of words in the text is very common, so it is necessary to choose the appropriate word meaning translation to make the sentence correct.
Example: "The mighty world does not benefit from military revolution." "Soldier" is a polysemantic word, it has "weapon; Soldier, army, military, war" and other meanings. The "soldier" in the example sentence should be translated with "weapon".
In order to facilitate the memorization of students, the translation method of the text is compiled into a paragraph:
Retranslate the literal sentences of the text, grasp the general idea of the words and sentences,
Personal names and place names do not have to be translated, and modern words in ancient and modern terms do not have to be translated.
Inverted component position shift, passive omitting translation law,
When encountering a false word because of the sentence translation, I understand that the tone is fluent.
Knowledge dry goods
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