Qilu Evening News Qilu one-point reporter Qu Peng
In the autumn of 2016, the Qingdao campus of Shandong University began to enroll students. Shandong University in Qingdao has both historical origins and realistic echoes: from 1930 to 1937 and from 1946 to 1958, the 19 years before and after this are not only the golden age of Shandong University, but also the golden age of Qingdao's cultural prosperity. Yang Zhensheng, Zhao Taiyou, Wen Yiduo, Liang Shiqiu, Lao She... Because of a university, the masters gather in Qingdao. Writer Liu Yiqing, after composing the "Southwest United University Trilogy" ("Absolute Wind Flow: Life Record of Southwest United University", "Mr. Wind: The Heroic Genealogy of Southwest United University", "Master's Great: Memories of Southwest United University"), will focus on returning to Shandong University, and recently published a new book "The Old People of Shanxi University", reminiscing about the teaching life of Professors of Shanxi University in Qingdao in those years, looking back at the era engraved in the cultural context of Qingdao.
"The Ancestors of Shanda"
By Liu Yiqing
Qingdao Publishing House
Liu Yiqing
One university and one city
The roots of science and culture take root in the city
Qilu Evening News Qilu One Point: What kind of charm did Qingdao, National Qingdao University and National Shandong University have in the 1930s, gathering a large number of scholars?
Liu Yiqing: In China in the first half of the 20th century, ocean cities and port cities had a broader space for development. When Shandong University hall was opened in 1901, a course was introduced in the second semester of the sophomore year: navigation law. The connection between the mountains and the ocean is destined.
The time, location and people created the glory of Shandong University in the 1930s. In the preparatory process, national Shandong University was still located in Jinan, and it was Mr. Cai Yuanpei who advocated that the university be placed in Qingdao. "Qingdao's land and climate will be the cultural center in the future, and the relationship between this university is very large."
Cai Yuanpei had a unique insight and recommended Yang Zhensheng as the principal. Why Yang Zhensheng? Because of his status and seniority. Yang Zhensheng was a student leader of the May Fourth Movement and was imprisoned twice; a novelist who emerged from the New Culture Movement and became famous for his novel "Jade Jun"; he was a doctor of education at Columbia University in the United States and an educator who was impressed by Hu Shi. Yang Zhensheng is also a native of Penglai, Shandong, and was The High Foot of Cai Yuanpei when he was the president of Peking University. The combination of all these conditions has become the advantage of Yang Zhensheng as the president of Qingdao University.
It is precisely because of Yang Zhensheng's status and prestige in the educational circles of the Republic of China, his appeal and personality charm, which has attracted a large number of famous teachers for the National Youth University. In the summer of 1932, Yang Zhensheng resigned from the position of principal due to the dual pressure of funds and student tides, and Zhao Taicheng succeeded him as principal, continuing Yang Zhensheng's idea of running a school.
Yang Zhensheng
Qilu Evening News Qilu One Point: Yang Zhensheng's presidency had an impact on the national Qingdao University at that time?
Liu Yiqing: The success of Yang Zhensheng lies in the application of Cai Yuanpei's policy of "freedom of thought and inclusiveness" of Peking University. He recruited a large number of famous teachers to teach at National Qingdao University, laying a good foundation for the development of Shandong University. When people relished the good story of his hiring of Liang Shiqiu, Wen Yiduo, and Shen Congwen, it should not be ignored that he proposed to build the National Qingdao University into a coastal biological research center.
Yang Zhensheng made a serious investigation and analysis of Qingdao's geographical environment, natural resources, historical sites and documents, put forward a far-sighted school plan, and vigorously advocated the establishment of marine biology, oceanography, meteorology and archaeology. He advocated: "The species of seaside creatures near Qingdao are no less prosperous than in Xiamen, and the weather is cool and moderate, which is more convenient than Xiamen in research." If we can take advantage of this convenience to create seaside biology, not only chinese researchers of seaside biology, but also foreign scholars who want to know the situation of coastal biology in China must also seek it from the National Youth University. Yang Zhensheng's insights were gradually implemented during his two years as principal.
In the 1930s, teachers of the Faculty of Letters of National Shandong University took a group photo in front of the Science Museum
Qilu Evening News Qilu One Point: How did National Qingdao University and National Shandong University influence the shaping of Qingdao?
Liu Yiqing: Looking back at Shandong University in Qingdao, the roots of science and culture have been rooted in the city of European style and style, providing rich nourishment for young cities, and gradually changing the cultural genes of the German colonies. The intellectuals who have received modern education in the West and returned from studying in the West have injected an academic atmosphere and cultural vitality into Qingdao, and the seeds of modern science have taken root in this city known as "Switzerland of the East", making Qingdao a center for marine scientific research.
To this day, the Ocean University of China in Qingdao, the Institute of Oceanography of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Qingdao, and the Yellow Sea Research Institute in Qingdao can still be regarded as a continuation of history, tracing back to the roots and buried in history, which is what Shandong University bred in Qingdao.
Science and culture are two sides of the same coin, and Shandong University has profoundly shaped qingdao's culture. A large number of cultural celebrities live in Qingdao, forming a unique phenomenon in Qingdao - celebrities and famous cities blend with each other. In the 1930s, Qingdao's famous teachers gathered to connect the cultural celebrities of the whole country, and it was like a cultural town, where writers, poets and scholars lived in groups. Wen Yiduo, Liang Shiqiu, Shen Congwen left, Hong Shen, Lao She, wang Tongzhao came, all of which originated from Shandong University. Many dramatists have also become acquainted with Qingdao and taught at Shandong University.
A university of all strength and scale has brought the prosperity of culture in the 1930s to Qingdao. Qingdao's culture, in any case, can not go around this chapter of heavy ink.
Unforgettable gastronomic views
Qingdao has become an important station in the life of scholars
Qilu Evening News Qilu One Point: Liang Shiqiu wrote "Remembering Qingdao" in his later years: "Although my footprints are not extensive, from Liaodong in the north to Baiyue in the south, I have also traveled through more than a dozen provinces, and I secretly think that the place that really makes people linger should push Qingdao. How is his love for Qingdao cuisine reflected in his articles?
Liu Yiqing: Liang Shiqiu loves Qingdao's mountains and seas, red tiles and green trees, folk customs and customs, seafood and fruits. This is his ideal country, a paradise on earth, and a city that cannot bear to leave.
Former residence of Liang Shiqiu, No. 33 Yushan Road
Qingdao's seafood, as Liang Shiqiu said in the article "Remembering Qingdao": "It is very complete, like cockles, clams, oysters, shrimp, crabs and all kinds of fish." "Qingdao's seafood is delicious and has its own characteristics. I think that the beauty of Qingdao's seafood lies not only in its delicious taste, but also in the beauty of mountains and seas, the richness of wind and materials, the heritage of folklore, and the charm of humanity.
Liang Shiqiu gave his tongue in Shunxing Lou pin xi, "the entrance is smooth and soft, delicious"; a bowl of squid custard, full of praise and delicious food. Liang Shiqiu also ate dumplings once in Shunxing Building, and he never forgot it. Until I look back on it in my later years, I still feel that the corners of my mouth are fragrant. This dumpling stuffing is mixed with fresh yellow croaker meat. Stuffing with a little spring head knife leeks. Spring leeks are delicious, yellow fish meat is tender, such dumplings boiled out, it is no wonder that Liang Shiqiu's taste memory can fight against the vicissitudes of fifty years.
Cherry red when anchovy fat. Liang Shiqiu got a tail of anchovies in Dayagou (now Dayaogou) Vegetable Market in Liuyuan City, "two and a half feet long, small mouths and fine scales, it seems that it was not long after the water, and it was cut into several sections, and the family ate several meals, and its taste was beautiful and beautiful, never before."
I recently saw a historical material that Liang Shiqiu has a stake in Houfu Restaurant in Qingdao. HouFude came from Beiping to Qingdao to open a semicolon, located on Henan Road. The owner followed his advice.
Qilu Evening News Qilu One Point: Shen Congwen wrote in the "Autobiography of Congwen": "The people have passed through Qingdao, and the sky and water, clouds and grasses on the seashore have re-educated me, refined me, and inspired me. And because I have more free time and go to the field without being in the library, my pen has more temptations. And at the beginning of knowing themselves. In August 1931, Shen Congwen went to teach at the National Qingdao University and lived in Qingdao for two years, what influence did this experience have on his literary creation?
Liu Yiqing: In Qingdao, Shen Congwen created a double harvest of love. Shen Congwen is full of energy in Qingdao, love inspires his creation, coupled with the excellent scenery of mountains and seas, suitable for living. He only slept for a few hours a day, and the time outside of teaching was used to create, and he wrote works such as "Eight Juntu", "Dr. Ruomo", "A Woman in the City", "Fengzi", "Three Women", "Three Three" and so on. In the summer of 1932, Shen Congwen completed the Autobiography of Congwen. The creation of "Border City" originated in the spring of 1933, Shen Congwen and his fiancée Zhang Zhaohe visited Laoshan Mountain, saw a little girl holding a white spirit flag in the funeral procession, and the look and posture of the little girl in the temple team touched Shen Congwen, and he immediately promised Zhang Zhaohe to write a novel, that is, "Border City".
Shen Congwen was in Qingdao in the 1930s
In Liang Shiqiu's impression, Shen Congwen came and went alone, did not interact with people, hid in a house in the dormitory of No. 3 Fushan Road, and wrote desperately. Shen Congwen has a characteristic when writing, he spread out five or six manuscripts on the desk, some opened the beginning, some wanted to end, some wrote half of it, which manuscript was urgent, he completed which one first. In Qingdao for two years, the sea was a kind of education and enlightenment for Shen Congwen, and his economic situation was completely improved, ushering in a creative peak. Coupled with the arrival of Zhang Zhaohe, he had an inexplicable good feeling for Qingdao. After 1949, Shen Congwen came to Qingdao three times, leaving behind many poems and family letters. It can be seen that Qingdao is important in its life journey and literary territory.
Qilu Evening News Qilu One Point: The professors of Shandong University were also inextricably linked to the Chinese literary circles at that time. There is Lu Xun Park in Qingdao, did Lu Xun also leave footprints in Qingdao before his death?
Liu Yiqing: In Lu Xun's view, Qingdao is a cultural position of the Crescent School. In the summer of 1936, Tai Jingnong went from Xiamen University to Shandong University to teach, and wrote a letter inviting Lu Xun to come to Qingdao to spend the summer, at this time, Lu Xun fell ill, and he replied in the letter: "Brother BoJian: On September 30, the letter arrived early, or I was worried or busy. Summer was supposed to escape the heat, but the illness did not fall out, and he could not leave the doctor, so he could not leave Shanghai. This letter was sent four days before Lu Xun's death. This shows the deep friendship between the two before. Throughout his life, Lu Xun did not land in Qingdao. He took a boat through Qingdao, the boat entered the port and anchored, he did not go ashore. Although there is Lu Xun Park on the coast of Qingdao, Lu Xun's footprints have not remained in Qingdao.
The man has passed away
The spirit of history is resurrected in the present
Qilu Evening News Qilu One Point: This book "seems to be written about the deceased, but in fact it is written about an era." How do you achieve a dialogue between history and the present in your writing?
Liu Yiqing: "All history is contemporary history", which was proposed by the Italian historian and philosopher Croce in his monograph "The Theory and Practice of Historiography". History is, in a way, the search for the past in the present, a dialogue between the present and the past. Everything in the past is closely related to the present. History is sometimes cold, but in dialogue, it gives history a temperature.
"A lot of the songs are gone." This is a sentence written by Wang Zengqi at the beginning of his novel "Migration". Many people have disappeared, but the figure stays between the water and the clouds, and the deeds remain in the history of Youth. Passers-by in Qingdao, those who stayed behind, stood in the Hundred Flowers Garden. The deceased people of Qingdao, through the clouds and smoke of history, came to us.
This book is a book of nostalgia, but also a book of hooking history. Du Fu wrote in the "Five Songs of Yonghuai Ancient Monuments , Part II": "Shake down knows Song Yu's sorrows, and the flow of grace and elegance is also my teacher. Hope for a thousand autumns to shed tears, depression is different at the same time. "Writing about every professor at Shanda University, I feel this way.
Mr. Wen Fengqiao, professor and doctoral supervisor of Ocean University of China, said with deep feeling at the readers' meeting of "The Ancestors of Shanda" that the author met the deceased people of Shanda through time and space and engaged in dialogue with history. "It seems to be writing about the deceased, but it is actually writing about an era. History is not as smokey as smoke, it has not completely dissipated, and it still lives in today's cultural memory, in the memory of this city. The reason why a hundred years after a period of history can still be written, talked about, and remembered is because it still maintains a close connection with the present, and it still finds the possibility and basis of its existence in the context of the present. ”
I also specifically mentioned in the afterword of the book: Readers walk into the Yushan Campus of Ocean University of China to pursue mr. wind. Peach and plum in the garden smile spring breeze, the sea vicissitudes of the old people. I hope that some readers will carry this book in their arms, read it here, and meditate on it.
Qilu Evening News Qilu One Point: When I travel to Qingdao, I am most impressed by the former residences of celebrities hidden in the red tiles and green trees. How do you see the significance of celebrity homes in contemporary times?
Liu Yiqing: The former residences of celebrities in Qingdao are concentrated around the Laoshan University Campus (now the Yushan Campus of Ocean University of China), which is a valuable cultural wealth left over from history. The former residences of these celebrities have witnessed the era of masters gathering, and witnessed the years when the old people of Shanhai lived in Qingdao.
At the foot of the small fish mountain, the celebrity former residence street, extends from the depths of history. The former residence of Xiaoyushan Cultural Celebrity Street is multi-layered, just like the natural scenery of shanhai lou. There are the former residences of Wen Yiduo, Liang Shiqiu, Lao She, Shen Congwen, Hong Shen, Song Chunfang and other literary figures, the former residences of scholars such as Yang Zhensheng, Zhao Taiyou, Hua Gang, and Lu Kanru, and the former residences of scientists such as Tong Dizhou, Shu Xingbei, and Wang Pu. The former residences of oceanographers such as He Chongben and Zhang Xi are also here. These celebrity former residences are living fossils of Shandong University in Qingdao, a living museum, and an old building with pyrotechnics. Celebrities have passed away, old buildings are still there, these old buildings because of the stay and residence of cultural celebrities, so that Qingdao's history is thick, rich and charming. The former residences of celebrities around Xiaoyushan give Qingdao a historical heritage and cultural richness. The former residences of celebrities around Xiaoyushan are like a string of pearl necklaces that surround the former Shandong University. Huairen, wandering in the sea breeze, looking for the former residences of celebrities, reminiscing about the lost water years. Travel through historical time and space and touch the past of Professor Yamada.
The significance of the existence of qingdao celebrity former residences at present needs to be felt with the heart. For example, the former residence of Lao She, No. 12 Huangxian Road, is listed in the Camel Xiangzi Museum, and throughout the year, tourists flock to visit, hang and miss. Visitors lean down in front of the display cabinets displaying various versions of Lao She's classic works, stare intently, and fall into contemplation. You will find that it is a way of seeing, and the spirit of history is resurrected in the present.