For many elderly friends, with the increase of age, atherosclerosis, stenosis, and the resulting risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, is a common problem affecting health and life expectancy, how should we deal with such a change and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease?
Want to do this well, first of all, in daily life, you should do a good job in maintaining a healthy lifestyle, scientific diet, insisting on exercise and exercise, maintaining a good work and rest, maintaining a peaceful and optimistic attitude, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, these aspects are an important life foundation for conditioning and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, and are also important life intervention methods to protect the overall health of the body, which is worth adhering to for a long time.
In addition to doing a good job in life conditioning, in friends who have a variety of underlying diseases, or even cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, it is also a very important aspect to control the risk of chronic diseases and disease progression through rational use of drugs, and to reduce the risk of related major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. In today's popular science article, I will introduce those commonly used "champion drugs" in the field of cardiovascular disease control, hoping to inspire and help everyone to use drugs safely and rationally.
The "champion drug" for regulating blood lipids - statins
Dyslipidemia, especially the elevation of LDL cholesterol, is an important factor in atherosclerosis and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and it is also a very important aspect for controlling the risk of cardiovascular disease and strictly controlling blood lipid levels. In the field of lipid modulating drugs, although there are many new drugs on the market in recent years, the lipid-lowering effect is also more significant, but statins are still well-deserved "champion drugs", oral use, cheap, lipid-lowering effect is clear, and there is a clear cardiovascular protective effect. Among the various statins, the first choice is still a long-acting third-generation statin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin and so on are good choices.
Atorvastatin is the most widely used statin drug, long-acting, lipid-lowering effect, has a clear cardiovascular protective effect, many friends take low doses, can control blood lipids to the standard level, another advantage of this drug is that there is no adverse effect on renal function, there is a mild uric acid-lowering effect, for patients with renal insufficiency lipid control, is a preferred lipid-lowering drug.
Rosuvastatin is also a long-acting statin, with good lipid-lowering effect, good hydrophilicity, more suitable for blood lipid control in the elderly, and the incidence of adverse reactions is lower than that of atorvastatin.
Regardless of which statin is chosen, attention should be paid to regular monitoring of blood lipid levels, confirmation of the effectiveness of the drug, and should also be combined with the situation to regularly check liver function, creatine kinase, blood glucose and other indicators, pay attention to the adverse effects that the drug may bring.
The "champion medicine" that controls blood pressure - dipaline and sartans
A drug or a class of drugs, the reason why it can become a champion drug, mainly based on the long-term test of effectiveness and safety, for patients with hypertension, active control of blood pressure is also an important aspect of preventing cardiovascular disease. In the field of antihypertensive drugs, there are two main categories that can be rated as "champion drugs", horizon drugs and sartan drugs, and we will select amlodipine and irbesartan to briefly introduce them to you.
Amlodipine is the most widely used antihypertensive drug for patients with hypertension in mainland China. As a representative drug of long-acting flats, amlodipine is stable in reducing blood pressure, can be taken once a day, there is no absolute contraindication, suitable for most patients with hypertension, strong antihypertensive effect, as well as the prevention of myocardial hypertrophy, improve the effect of atherosclerosis, and have no effect on kidney function. Long-term medication needs to pay attention to the possible adverse reactions of ankle edema, gingival hyperplasia, constipation and other aspects.
Irbesartan is a representative drug of sartan drugs, by acting on the angiotensin system, inhibiting vascular tension is effective, can improve proteinuria, has a certain renal protective effect on patients with mild renal insufficiency, and can also help protect the heart and reduce the harm to heart and kidney health caused by hypertension. Sartans are contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic and renal insufficiency, pregnant women, and patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis; adverse reactions such as hyperkalemia and angioedema should also be noted.
The "champion drug" for controlling blood sugar - metformin
Diabetes is also an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, most of the diabetic patients need to do a good diet, exercise at the same time, take hypoglycemic drugs to strengthen blood sugar control. Among the various hypoglycemic drugs, metformin, which has been clinically used for decades, is still the preferred hypoglycemic drug for many diabetics. Metformin has a clear hypoglycemic effect, a low incidence of adverse reactions, and can be used in patients with a variety of type 2 diabetes courses, the main risk of adverse reactions should be noted is gastrointestinal discomfort, and long-term use may bring about the risk of vitamin B12 deficiency.
In addition to metformin, in recent years, SGLT2 inhibitor drugs, such as drugs such as dapagliflozin, and GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as liraglutide and other drugs, in order to have a clear hypoglycemic effect and cardiovascular and renal health benefits, the clinical status is also gradually improving.
The "champion drug" to prevent thrombotic risk - aspirin enteric-coated tablets
For thromboprophylaxis in patients who have had a myocardial infarction, or in patients with stable coronary heart disease, taking antiplatelet drugs is a preventive way to reduce the risk, and among the various antiplatelet drugs, the century-old aspirin is still the preferred preventive drug. In terms of thromboprophylaxis in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases, in the absence of relevant contraindications, daily aspirin enteric-coated tablets can help reduce the risk of thrombosis, but also pay attention to the possible risk of bleeding.
In addition to aspirin, clopidogrel is also a common antiplatelet drug, which can be used to replace thromboprophylaxis in patients who cannot use or tolerate aspirin, and in some patients with myocardial infarction, aspirin and clopidogrel are combined to carry out "double antibody", which is also a common method of thrombosis prevention.
The "champion drug" to control the risk of coronary heart disease - metoprolol
Metoprolol is a representative drug of β receptor blocker class drugs, especially metoprolol extended-release tablets, is one of the most commonly used drugs for patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure, such drugs can effectively control heart rate, reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, reduce the cardiovascular effects brought about by increased sympathetic excitement, and have a good control and prevention effect in improving the control of coronary heart disease angina, reducing the risk of myocardial infarction in patients with coronary heart disease, and reducing the risk of coronary heart disease developing into heart failure.
In addition to metoprolol, bisoprolol, atenolol, arollol, carvedilol and other drugs can also be considered for reasonable selection in combination with the actual situation. The risk of adverse reactions of such drugs should mainly be paid attention to adverse effects on blood lipids, blood glucose metabolism, as well as fatigue, fatigue, fatigue, etc.
The "champion drug" that quickly relieves angina - nitroglycerin
Coronary heart disease angina is a common problem, and in the field of rapid relief of chest tightness, chest pain, nitroglycerin works quickly and has a clear effect, which is a well-deserved "champion drug". When angina attack, the use of nitroglycerin must pay attention to the sublingual take, and take a sitting or lying position to avoid the risk of orthostatic hypotension caused by the drug, if the sublingual nitroglycerin 2 to 3 times, angina is still unable to alleviate the problem of chest pain, should consider the possibility of acute myocardial infarction, timely dial 120 on the emergency telephone, timely treatment, restore blood flow is the focus of treatment.
The above-mentioned drugs are commonly used drugs to prevent and control the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, but any drug has its adverse reaction risk and contraindications to the population, and not the above drugs are suitable for all friends, in terms of drug use choice, or should be combined with the specific situation of the individual to choose reasonably, and pay attention to the possible adverse reaction risks and drug benefits of the assessment, if this article everyone finds useful, also welcome everyone to forward more, share with more needy friends, Let us work together to disseminate health science knowledge.