Original title: Culture Weekly | The moon is full of ice wheels, and the people of Zhuya step on the spring sun
■ Zeng Qingjiang
The fifteenth day of the first month is the traditional Lantern Festival, also known as the Shangyuan Festival in ancient times. Because it is still in the New Year's Pass, plus it is the first full moon night of the new year, it is particularly valued, and many places even have the saying of "Lantern Festival". In ancient times, Hainan, like the mainland, had the custom of visiting the lanterns at night. These are clearly expressed in the poetry of the ancient Hainan literati.
Portrait of a white jade toad. Infographic
White jade toad on the yuanguan lamp
In Hainan in the Song Dynasty, the white jade toad was a figure that had to be said. As a Taoist and famous poet, The White Jade Toad travels all year round, is a typical out-of-island wanderer in Hainan, how did he spend his Lantern Night? Of course, it is to go out to watch the lights and write this sentiment into the poem.
The white jade toad boy has poetic talent. According to historical records, he went to Guangzhou at the age of 12 to participate in the boy test, and once used "the mountains and rivers of the earth as a loom, and a hundred flowers like brocade and willows as silk." The poem "The void is white to make a horse, the sun and the moon double shuttle fly outside the sky" alarmed the chief examiner, but it was considered arrogant and failed, and the white jade toad gradually tired of the imperial examination. At the age of 16, he left home to travel to Danzhou Songlin Ridge to practice, and at the age of 23, he crossed the sea alone to seek teachers from all over the island, and his footprints spread throughout southern China, leaving many legends.
Bai Yu toad's poetry is praised, and there were seven poems "Early Spring" that were included in the traditional Mongolian classic "Thousand Family Poems". The poem reads: "Only two or three flowers are put on the south branch, and the snow is fragrant and powdered." Faint smoke thick moon, deep cage water shallow cage sand. "In the early spring, the plum branches facing the sun in the south bloomed three or two flowers, and just when the sky fell auspiciously, there was a snow. In the snow under the moon, you can feel the fragrance of plum blossoms and enjoy the whiteness of plum blossoms. The plum blossoms that have just bloomed are different in shades and shades, and they have their own interests in the moonlight, which is very hazy and beautiful.
On the night of Shangyuan in another year, although he was a monk, the white jade toad, who was not willing to be lonely, also went to the city to watch the lanterns like ordinary people, and wrote "The Second Song of Shangyuan Lanterns" in the excitement: "Jasper melts into the sky, and the city is full of Luo Qijing Chunyan." After dusk, the night market lights up during the day. "The Upper Heavenly Palace is in this line, and there is a Zhen Sheng in the depths of the five clouds." A round of treasure moon is as bright as day, and the golden lotus blooms all over the city. ”
The two poems have different emphases, but they are both full of emotions. The former writes about the grand lantern festival in the city, full of luoqi competition and dazzling, and the lights are like day, which makes people feel that spring is full of joy and infinite vitality. The latter, on the other hand, writes of the full moon in the sky, shining brightly on the head of the city. Yes, on the night of the Lantern Festival, there are only artificial lanterns, and there is no bright moon, which is a regret after all. He can find many small joys from the world and the sky at any time, and as a white jade toad of the monk, his open-mindedness can infect many people, which is also the charm of his poetry.
Southern Song Dynasty Li Song "Guan Lantern Map". Infographic
HuiHong recalls the old and is very sentimental
Huihong's life has gone through twists and turns. When he was 14 years old, his parents died and he relied on Buddhism as a virgin. At the age of 19, he passed the examination in The Beijing Division. He was imprisoned in Jinling, Kaifeng, Taiyuan, and Nanchang four times, and was stripped of his monastic status twice. In October of the first year of Zhenghe (1111), he was imprisoned in Kaifeng for Zhang Shangying's resignation, was stripped of his monastic status, and assassinated by the Zhuya Army of Hainan (present-day Sanya, Hainan), and Zhenghe was pardoned and returned to the north in the third year (1113).
After being assassinated by Zhu Yajun, Huihong stayed in Hainan for more than a year and spent a Spring Festival. Chinese New Year's Eve night, the lonely Huihong spent it in a drunken way, so what about the Shangyuan Festival?
On the day of the Yuan Festival, HuiHong created the phrase "Qingyu Case": "Ningxiang Feast Strikes the Song and Blows." The painting hub goes, and the incense dust rises. Crown embossed branches gallop. Horse line lights noisy, Phoenix Floor curtain rolls, Land Hai AoShan pair. At that time, I was drunk at the sight of Heavenly Face. The royal cup was raised and the joy was boiling. Although the seasons are the same as the sadness. The sea breeze blows dreams, the ridge ape cries the moon, and a pillow of thoughts returns to tears. ”
Feeling miserable, Huihong couldn't help but recall the grandeur and prosperity of the first year of the reign and the first year (1111) of the first year of the capital city when he was able to see the heavenly beauty on the Yuan Festival in the capital. At that time, he was a red man in the eyes of Zhang Shangying, the current prime minister, walking among high-ranking officials and nobles, and he did not proudly boast that "I have a rich and noble relationship among monks." Now that it has only been two years, the situation is very different, and naturally there is a feeling of "although the seasons are the same as sorrow and happiness", and a kind of nostalgia for the country and the feeling of sadness and pity make people cry. Emotions like this are sometimes reflected in the works of the Huihong Hainan period.
Of course, as a monk, Huihong is open after all, and after a short period of misery, he will still observe the people and things around him with a fiery heart, and be full of affection, such as "Eating Lychees in Yazhou for the First Time": "The mouth and stomach are usually bored with things, and Shanglin Zhenguo also tastes it." Tiangong saw that I was salivating and sent me to Yazhou to eat lychees. "Heaven saw that he was drooling too much, so he sent him to Yazhou (yazhou, in present-day Sanya, Hainan) to taste lychees. This is a poem that truly speaks for Hainan Lychee, and is a valuable cultural heritage left by Huihong to Hainan.
The sentimentality in reminiscing about the past is only a small idea in Huihong's life, and after a short adjustment, he will still look at life positively, otherwise, we would not have this vivid and meaningful lychee poem.
Portrait of Su Shi. Infographic
Su Shi's night tour became a masterpiece
Su Shi was demoted to the NanchangHua Army (present-day Danzhou) in February of the fourth year of Shaosheng (1097), and in May of the third year of Yuan Fu (1100), he moved to the interior and spent three Shangyuan Festivals in Hainan.
During the Song Dynasty, the Shangyuan Festival was extremely lively, and the emperor would watch the lanterns every year on the Xuande Tower in Beijing, and various artistic performances also took turns. Danzhou's Shangyuan Festival is also more lively. Su Shi, who is good at making friends and regards Danzhou as his hometown, must have quickly integrated into the local area of Hainan and entered the countryside to celebrate the Spring Festival. It is very interesting that Su Shi recorded three times in his poems the situation of passing the Yuan Festival.
In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1098), Su Shi spent the first Shangyuan Festival in Danzhou and wrote "Shangyuan Night Passing to Dan Shou Zhao to Sit Alone and Have a Feeling". That night, his son Su Guo accepted an invitation from Zhang Zhong to drink and play with Changhua Jun, probably Su Shi wanted to be alone and stayed at home. Lying on the bed, he quietly watched the lizards in the moonlight stay motionless on the window, and then heard the sound of Evi (a small insect) falling from the curtains to the ground, and slowly fell into the memories of the past: "Scratch your head and be desolate for ten years, and pass on the oranges to the imperial clothes." The "ten years" is an exaggeration, but it is actually the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1093). Su Shi, who served as a scholar of the Duanming Temple and a rebbe Shangshu in Beijing, accompanied Emperor Zhezong to spend the Yuan Festival, and afterwards brought back the imperial oranges to give to his wife Wang Yanzhi, which can be described as two feelings of dependence. Unfortunately, Wang Yanzhi died of illness a few months later at the age of 46. After that, Su Shi was degraded one after another, until the strange and desolate Danzhou. Therefore, on the first night of this year, Su Shi spent it alone in his miserable memories. This kind of thought continued to reverberate on the night of the First Yuan in the third year of the Yuan Fu (1100).
A year passed, and in the second year of yuan fu (1099), Su Shi's situation was very different from the previous year. He was already familiar with Danzhou's environment and had some friends to have fun with. Several old scholars invited Su Shi to visit the moon at night, and he readily agreed, and played until the three more days of fun, and afterwards also wrote "Book on the Yuan Night Tour".
Although the "Book of the Yuan Night Tour" is short, it is exquisite and timeless, comparable to the "Night Tour of the Chengtian Temple", which is recorded here and enjoyed in Qiwen:
In Danzhou, there were several old scholars who came, saying: "Good Moon Jia Night, can Sir be out of the ordinary?" "Yu gladly complied. Step to the west of the city, enter the monk's house, go through the alleys, the people are mixed, and the slaughter is chaotic. The house has been three drums. The house was hidden and asleep, and it was snoring again. Put your staff and laugh, what is the gain or loss? Ask mr. How to laugh, cover himself to laugh also. However, he also laughed at Han Hui's fishing and wanted to go away, not knowing that those who walked the sea might not necessarily get big fish.
Su Shi and several old scholars strolled around Danzhou City under the moon, entered temples, walked through alleys, and found that Han and Li compatriots coexisted in harmony, and the night market was full of meat sellers and wine sellers, and the flow of people was endless, which was really lively. During this trip, he realized that he was demoted to Danzhou and could still enjoy the happiness of the world, and happiness was too simple. At that time, Han Yu fished but could not catch big fish, believing that only by going to the deep sea could he catch big fish. Su Shi realized that it doesn't matter whether it's near or far, it doesn't matter if it's big or small, it doesn't matter if you get it or not, even if you go to the sea, you may not be able to catch a big fish. It makes sense to discover and enjoy happiness anytime, anywhere. So transparent, it is still the Su Shi who makes people feel alive and fragrant.
(The author is a professor at the School of Communication, Soochow University) (Zeng Qingjiang)
Source: Hainan Daily