Fu Lei and Zhang Ailing
Fu Lei and Zhang Ailing, the former was born in the family of squires at the end of the Qing Dynasty, and the latter was born in the declining official eunuch court during the Republic of China, the age difference between the two people is exactly 12 years, both belong to the monkey.
Relying on the support of his widowed mother and his family's ancestral property, Fu Lei went to France at the age of 19 to study, focusing on literary theory and art history, and after returning to China, he engaged in art education, translation and writing in Shanghai.
Compared with Fu Lei, who was born in an ordinary squire family, Zhang Ailing's family lineage is much more prominent.
Both of Zhang Ailing's parents' families were prominent families in the late Qing Dynasty, with her grandfather Zhang Peilun official residence Sanpin, her grandmother Li Ju coupling being li Hongzhang's eldest daughter, and her mother Huang Yifan's grandfather being the admiral of the Seven Provinces of the Yangtze River.
Zhang ailing
Zhang Ailing's family attached great importance to women's education, and she herself was admitted to the University of London, but because of the Japanese invasion of China, the study abroad program was forced to be suspended, and she went to Hong Kong to attend university and began to write literature.
From the perspective of age and family lineage, Fu Lei and Zhang Ailing seem to be people in two circles of life, and the two of them have almost no record of direct interaction in the real world.
However, these two cultural elites who rely on writing for their livelihood are a pair of outright wrongdoers in the literary world.
Zhang Ailing's mother, Huang Yifan
Not only do they have a grudge because of the words, but they all send irrevocable attacks to the other party in a very personal way without knowing each other at all.
Such a bad fate, however, has its own characteristics, and the style and personality of the two are vividly displayed.
Fu Lei is a well-known translator, but his literary criticism is also famous, and he is accustomed to judging the works of others from the perspective of critics.
Fu Lei and his wife Zhu Meifu
At that time, Zhang Ailing, as a newly debuted novel writer, was at the peak of her creative power, and her reputation was also the peak of her life.
Fu Lei deliberately read her works published at the time and commented on some of the most famous of them, both highly affirmative and poignantly criticized.
For creators and readers, the critics of This form of Fu Lei have their existential value, but if the posture is too high, then it is understandable to cause dissatisfaction among the creators themselves.
Therefore, Zhang Ailing also wrote a special article "Her Own Article" to expound her literary views, which not only refuted Fu Lei's criticism, but also expressed her disdain for this criticism.
These two articles are not only a head-to-head confrontation between two outstanding cultural elites, but also reflect their respective attitudes towards life.
Fu Lei criticized Zhang Ailing's "Love in the Fallen City", saying that it was "full of cynical hedonists' spiritual games."
By criticizing Zhang Ailing, Fu Lei propagated the "serious" and "sublime" tragedies he admired, insisting that the creation must be typical and profound, and the characters should have the tragic color of traditional aesthetics.
Fu Lei's article uses the excuse of criticizing the best-selling book to satirize the social atmosphere of the time and the feeling of promoting his own literary ideas, so Zhang Ailing is very much like a tool for the output of his views.
In this regard, Zhang Ailing also relentlessly responded, she retorted that "there are not many people with extreme pathologies and extreme consciousness" and "I thought that it would be impossible to use a simple writing style like the Old Testament." ”
In terms of the personalities and actions of the two in reality, Fu Lei's extreme seriousness in the literary world has become too harsh on others when placed in life.
Zhang Ailing has always implemented the characteristics of her works, that is, she does not shy away from the desire, meanness and weakness in human nature, and her people, like her texts, have always implemented the positive and negative aspects of human nature.
This trait is also the most important reason for the second literary intersection of Zhang Ailing and Fu Lei.
Fu Lei
Although Zhang Ailing's stories are all marked as fictional, she is the kind of writer who can only draw inspiration from real-life character events.
Some of these archetypes are celebrity anecdotes from social events, such as the prototype of "Color Ring" is Ding Mo Estate, the head of Wang's pseudo-secret service, and Zheng Pingru, who assassinated him.
Some are Zhang Ailing's relatives and friends, such as "The Book of golden locks", which is based on the family stories of Li Hongzhang's descendants that Zhang Ailing knows.
Some are a combination of the two, involving Zhang Ailing's relatives and friends, archetypal characters are also public figures, and the typical work is "Yin Baoxuan Sending Flowers to the Building".
The front row is right fu Lei, the back row is in the middle of Zhu Meifu, and the back row is right
In this unpopular zhang Ailing's work, the heroine is based on Liu Haisu's sister-in-law, his third wife Chengjiahe's sister Chengjialiu, and the only male character prototype is Fu Lei.
Although Zhang Ailing's novels are not large, it is rare to have such a short work as "Yin Baoxuan Sending Flowers to the Louhui".
This is hardly a real novel, more like a conversation between a reporter and a gossip party in a gossip tabloid, or simply a transcript of an afternoon tea between two girlfriends.
In fact, in terms of the content of the novel and the innuendo to reality, such a metaphor is indeed not far behind.
Although the heroes and heroines all take pseudonyms that are not compatible with each other, as long as they know a little about the characters in reality, they can guess the relevant personnel almost immediately.
Zhang Ailing is even more personally debuting, playing the role of the recorder in the first person from the first perspective, and even the name of the character is too lazy to take another, directly called "Ailing".
The novel did not make any preparation, and the opening chapter let the reader follow the footsteps of "Ailing" and received the heroine Yin Baoxuan.
The two were briefly in the same school, although they had no friendship but knew each other, Yin Baoxuan came to visit on the grounds that he knew that "Ailing" had become a well-known writer, so he came to the door to reminisce.
After a few kind small talks, Yin Baoxuan couldn't wait to tell the secret in his heart- and an extramarital affair with a husband who had a wife for many years to "Ailing" and Pan.
The male protagonist's name is Luo Qianzhi, is a successful returnee literati, Yin Baoxuan was a female student when he met him, and then had a long-term relationship on the grounds of delving into music history, and gradually developed a relationship.
When Yin Baoxuan came to visit "Ailing", he had decided to end this deformed relationship, and talking to "Ailing" was a farewell to his feelings for many years.
Zhang Ailing is afraid that the reader will not know that "Ailing" is herself, and at the beginning of the article, it is explained that "Ailing"'s profession is a writer, although this pen is meaningless to the story.
Let the reader can't help but guess that Zhang Ailing is through word games, hinting to the general public that everything in the book is a "real record".
As soon as the work is launched, the character archetypes in the book will naturally make people pair up one by one.
After all, Zhang Ailing almost hung a sign on Luo Qianzhi's chest, with a big blood-red character on it, "This is Fu Lei is also!" ”
Luo Qianzhi in the text, gloomy and morbid, mentally and physically abuses his wife, and progresses from pretending to be ambiguous to irrepressible carnal desire for the heroine.
In addition, Luo Qianzhi is full of hypocrisy, vowing to divorce when he meets with the heroine, but at the same time he still lives a normal married life with his wife.
Fu Lei and son Fu Cong
The climax of the novel is that Yin Baoxuan is present to persuade Luo Qianzhi when he violently injures his wife, and the maid in the middle of the pull breaks his wife's three months of pregnancy.
Yin Baoxuan, who had been facing Luo's wife with a lofty mentality, collapsed instantly, and at the end of the story, Luo Qianzhi was terminally ill, and Yin Baoxuan took the initiative to end the deformed relationship that lasted for six years.
Through the mouth of the heroine, Zhang Ailing's evaluation of Luo Qianzhi was fixed: "How can a person with a neuropathy like him marry him?" ”
Because the novel was too obvious and the brushstrokes were too spicy, after its publication, people in Shanghai's cultural circles almost immediately realized the ownership of the character archetype.
Cover of The Golden Lock
Fu Lei was extremely embarrassed by this, and once said: "The character of the author of the "Golden Lock" (that is, Zhang Ailing) is so inferior, it is really wrong to look at her. ”
"Yin Baoxuan Sending Flowers to the Building" was published in 1944, just after Fu and Zhang engaged in an air-to-air polemic due to criticism, so many people thought that this was Zhang Ailing's direct revenge on Fu Lei.
In fact, the cause and effect of things is not so simple.
Zhu Meifu
Fu Lei wrote the comment under the pseudonym Xunyu, according to Fu Lei and Zhang Ailing's friend Song Qi revealed that Zhang Ailing did not know that Xunyu was Fu Lei until 1952.
Therefore, Zhang Ailing's "Yin Baodian Sending Flowers to the Louhui" should have nothing to do with Fu Lei's criticism of her.
Zhang Ailing is after hearing about the underground love history of Cheng Jialiu and Fu Lei and Fu Lei's daily behavior, and believes that these characters are in line with the "small adulterous and bad citizens" she is best at describing.
So the inspiration burst out and he finished the novel according to his own habits.
Fu Lei offered harsh criticism that Zhang Ailing's work did not conform to the serious tragic aesthetic he admired.
Zhang Ailing is inspired to create novels because Fu Lei and her characters who have fallen into tragedy due to life failures, character defects, and selfishness.
No matter what kind of confrontation the two have because of their works, at the beginning of their respective articles, they did not consider each other as living people, and from this point of view, they have a lot in common.
But in any case, the two have a bad relationship, although Zhang Ailing does not know that Fu Lei is the person who criticizes herself, she does know that the prototype of her novel is Fu Lei, and it has brought Fu Lei a lot of trouble.
Although Fu Lei is not sure whether Zhang Ailing wrote the novel in revenge because of the controversy, the dark side of his private life was indeed exposed by this novel.
Fu Lei Zhu MeiFu
Therefore, although the two had many friends and were cultural celebrities who were on the "isolated island" of Shanghai at the time of the Japanese invasion of China, the two eventually deliberately avoided meeting.
In her later years, Zhang Ailing regretted "Yin Baoxuan Sending Flowers to the Building", after all, the Chengjia Liu who provided the materials left Shanghai in a hurry to marry because public opinion was very panicked.
But this marriage is probably too hasty to harmonize, Cheng Jia liu later divorced, Zhang Ailing heard it, felt responsible for the misfortune of her friends, so she felt guilty.
After all, Cheng Jialiu is very innocent in the whole thing, when she met Fu Lei, she was just a student, and she contacted Fu Lei, also because Fu Lei told her that if she wanted to learn vocal music well, she had to study music history.
The naïve Cheng Jialiu held the dream of becoming a soprano singer at that time, and was impressed by Fu Lei's talent in art theory, and also wanted to contribute to the "History of Music" that Fu Lei wanted to complete.
In the contact between the two, Fu Lei was attracted by the beauty and innocence of ChengJialiu, and Chengjia Liu was also intoxicated by Fu Lei's talent and love, and the two gradually fell in love, and even loved to death.
The breakup between Cheng Jialiu and Fu Lei was not as dramatic as Zhang Ailing wrote, she was ashamed of herself because Fu Lei's wife Zhu Meifu was too kind and generous.
Zhu Meifu is definitely not the jealous and suspicious woman in Zhang's pen, who is a little family in words and deeds.
Zhu Meifu is Fu Lei's cousin, born in Shanghai in the early years of the Republic of China, his father is a late Qing Dynasty Xiucai, the family is medium-income, the family style is enlightened.
Zhu Meifu received two kinds of education from childhood, on the one hand, she received the three from four virtues of traditional women at home, and on the other hand, she received a Western-style education in a church school to understand the world.
Zhu Meifu is dignified, beautiful and studious, Chinese education allows her to have a good Chinese foundation and Juanxiu calligraphy, and Western education in English and piano are also quite good.
Before Fu Lei went to Study in France, he and Zhu Meifu were engaged, although the two were acquainted since childhood, but because the age difference was nearly five years old, in fact, the intersection was not much, and there was no love when engaged, but only an arranged marriage.
When studying in Europe, Fu Lei once wanted to break the marriage contract because he fell in love with someone else, and after being dumped, he did not dare to disobey his mother's order and finally returned to China to get married.
After marriage, although Zhu Meifu's performance in all aspects can be called a model of a virtuous wife, Fu Lei, who is pampered and indulged, is obviously more unscrupulous in indulging the dark factors in his personality.
Luo Qianzhi's scolding of his wife and children is not an artistic process, but a true microcosm of Fu Lei's family life.
Fu Lei and Zhu Meifu's son is the musician Fu Cong, and even if he did not make mistakes when he was a child, if he was unlucky enough to catch up with his father's anger, he would be beaten for no reason.
If Fu Cong was mischievous or did not act according to Fu Lei's wishes, Fu Lei tied Fu Cong to the door with a rope and let the neighbors watch and take it as a warning.
Zhu Meifu was not pregnant when Fu Lei cheated and became a family, but the bridge section in Zhang Ailing's text where his wife was three months pregnant when she cheated was not purely fabricated, but the real experience of Fu Lei and his wife.
At the end of 1936, Fu Lei cheated with the wind and dust woman during his inspection of the Longmen Grottoes, and also left a poem for this extramarital affair:
"Ah, Girl Bieliang, I hope that your aura will always be there, and your youth will always be there!" May your radiance be renewed and your joy not disperse! ”
At this time, Zhu Meifu was three months pregnant, and the similar plot of the novel, I don't know whether it was an inadvertent coincidence, or Fu Lei's experience has long been known in the literati circle.
The Fu Lei family
Whether Zhang Ailing knew that Fu Lei was making her angry critic Xun Yu when she wrote the novel, it was obvious that Fu Lei's own deeds were enough for her to resist making a pungent taunt.
A well-known literati who put morality, nobility, seriousness, and nobility on his lips, in private, was so irritable and obedient that his wife, children, and lovers suffered a lot.
However, Zhang Ailing obviously has no tolerance for those who indulge Fu Lei, and her Luo wife and Yin Baoxuan are old-fashioned women who are stoic to the point of morbidity, and the other is a vain and shallow deceived girl.
Although these depictions were also born from reality, Zhang Ailing, who was the proud son of heaven at that time, was inevitably too harsh on these women.
In her later years, when Zhang Ailing reviewed her early works, she also produced reflection and even profound criticism.
After all, when she wrote these articles, she was in her early 20s, and she achieved great success almost as soon as she debuted, and love was also the sweetest stage of her life.
Therefore, her most successful works, no matter how sharp and mean the characters are portrayed, always carry a kind of naivety and naivety of a rich and lovely woman.
This kind of naïveté was fiercely criticized by Fu Lei, and Zhang Ailing, who had tasted the bittersweet and bittersweet of the world decades later, also felt harsh.
In 1982, Zhang Ailing wrote to Song Qi, mentioning her remorse for "Yin Baoxuan Sending Flowers to the Louhui" and even did not want to include it in her own collection.
After all, this short story has brought a lot of damage to each prototype.
As a result, Cheng Jialiu formed an unsuccessful marriage, Fu Lei suffered criticism and mental depression, Zhu Meifu was scandalized and revealed the privacy of the family and himself...
At that time, Zhang Ailing, with her unmatched talent, unscrupulously cut the fig leaf of other people's lives, revealing the wounds underneath.
She even used this as a canvas, splashing her characteristic colorful brush and ink, making the fragments that these parties longed to forget become eternal...
In her later years, After experiencing excessive attention, analysis, and misreading of her by others, Zhang Ailing also understood that it was very inappropriate to portray others from a completely personal perspective and thus bring tragedy.
Although Zhang Ailing repeatedly asked to exclude "Yin Baoxuan Sending Flowers to the Louhui" from the new collection, as an important writer of the 20th century, her novels have long been circulated.
Even if she is personally dissatisfied with her creations, she cannot prevent the uncontrolled reprinting of these works or even pirated copies everywhere.
In the end, "Yin Baoxuan Sending Flowers to the Louhui" was officially included in her collection, and Fu Lei's criticism of her at that time also became an important material for studying her works and writing career because it was to the point.
No matter what their original intentions were, no matter how remorseful they were afterwards, Fu Lei and Zhang Ailing used their own pens to become an indelible part of each other's lives.
And all this is like Zhang Ailing's reflection when she passed the flower armor: "It is my fault." ”
The great mistake has been made, and it is too late to regret it.