"The three great inventions that heralded the arrival of bourgeois society" is Marx's evaluation of the four major inventions.
In ancient times, in order to conform to the development of society and life, people invented many far-reaching tools with their powerful creativity, and their emergence promoted the development of the country and even the entire human society. But actually
There are some inventions
，
Although it is not as full of historical significance as the four major inventions
but
Their appearance
It also greatly improves people's quality of life
, and has also been continuously improved to this day.
The first must be the hot pot that modern people love very much
。 As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, there was already a prototype of hot pot. At that time, the pot was also called Ding, and the hot pot was called The Pot Ding. The lower part of this ding is hollow, supported by three feet. At the bottom, there is a plate that can be used to make a fire, and the pot in the middle is used to hold the ingredients. At that time, due to its small capacity, Ding could not meet the needs of multiple people, and basically put one person's portion, it could not be loaded.
The earliest record of hot pot is
Animal face pattern bronze warm
ding
This can be said to be the old ancestor of hot pot.
Animal face pattern bronze Wending
Not only does it have an insole, but it also has a sandwich layer, which allows the food to be kept warm for a long time without burning.
Han and Wei dynasties
Hot pot became a popular.
There is a separation of dings
, it satisfies the tastes of different people.
The hot pot in the Tang and Song dynasties was almost a favorite of the common people, and when winter came, almost everyone would call their relatives and friends together to eat a hot pot to warm up. Coupled with the countless literati rioters at that time, many like-minded people would gather together to eat meat and drink wine together, and a few chrysanthemums would float on the hot pot to prove their elegance.
Bai Juyi's "Ask Liu Nineteen"
target
"Green Ant New Wine, Red Clay Small Stove"
It is the scene of everyone sitting together and eating hot pot.
The hot pot of the Ming and Qing dynasties is more similar to the current hot pot, and the hot pot style of the Qing Dynasty is more similar to the pot of the current Beijing shabu lamb.
It was also from this time that hot pot began to become one of the common folk dishes, and it was very different from the current hot pot.
moreover
Different flavors have been derived
For example, the clear soup hot pot in the north and the red soup hot pot in Sichuan and Chongqing. The gradual enrichment of hot pot varieties also represents the gradual enrichment of people's lives. As a big country in gastronomy, the diversity of hot pot types fully proves that cultural differences and diversity have long existed.
The Ice Book is also one of the greatest inventions of ancient times, and the Ice Book first appeared in the Zhou Dynasty
Dedicated to sacrificial use
。 It can only be used to put some fruit, after all, the ice book is not as big as the current refrigerator. It is a small wooden chest with several holes at the bottom to drain the water and prevent mold from corroding the wood.
Add a compartment inside specifically for ice, using the temperature of the ice to cool the food in the upper layer,
After the ice is melted, the next person places a new ice cube.
Because the amount of engineering is huge, it is actually not popularized to the common people, mainly concentrated in the palace nobles.
After all, the production cost is high and the consumption is large, which is not something that ordinary people can afford.
However, due to the backward technology, the country has not yet entered the industrial and electrical era, and the process of ice identification has not been greatly developed, staying on the initial wooden structure.
Only tin foil was added to the later production, so that the wood was not easily corroded, but the fundamental technology did not get a breakthrough.
The existence of ice canon also reflects the ingenious conception and exquisite technique of ancient Chinese craftsmen, although it did not spread to the common people. But with the maturity of modern technology, refrigerators have become one of the essential appliances for every family today.
The last tool to be said is
Toothbrush and toothpaste
。 As a gadget that we use every day, it seems ordinary to modern people. But it is these two ordinary little things that have undergone improvements again and again in ancient times to become what they are now.
Toothpaste predates toothbrushes, as recorded in the Book of Rites
"Chicken first chirping, salty cough"
。
The raw materials for toothpaste and washing are basically salt
For a long time, the ancients used their fingers or branches to clean and disinfect their mouths. In fact, the concept of washing has existed for a long time, but it is suffering from the lack of cleaning tools and materials.
Later, people discovered the mystery of plants, and began to brush their teeth with soap-based components and fluoride-containing branches such as plants that could better inhibit the growth of bacteria and the formation of tooth decay.
As for toothbrushes, scholars are more controversial.
Some people say
1000
The bone toothbrush handle excavated from the ancient tomb many years ago is the prototype of the toothbrush, and some people say that the horsehair "toothbrush" produced during the Southern Song Dynasty proves the popularity of the toothbrush. The latest to think that the bone-stemmed bristle brush made by Emperor Ming Xiaozong can be regarded as the earliest toothbrush, and various factions have different opinions. However, the invention and ancestor of such a common and simple daily tool is no longer the most important, but more importantly, he provided more possibilities for the way of life of the ancients.
With the change of the times, the tools used by people in ancient times have gradually become more convenient to use, and the production cost has been greatly reduced.
Tools that were once time-consuming and laborious can now be mass-produced and innovated, which shows that human progress has never stopped.
The wisdom and creativity of the ancestors also provided the earliest blueprints and ideas for the people who came after them
It can be seen that whether it is now or in the past, people's creativity and productivity have never stopped. Creating a more convenient and happy life has always been the direction of human struggle.
bibliography:
《Zhou Li》
"Dream Liang"