Professor Liu Chengguo's "Collected Works of Wang Anshi" was recently published in the Zhonghua Bookstore, and after reading the manuscript for several days, in addition to having a sneak peek, I also felt that this was a solid work with profound skills and beneficial learning.
"Wang Anshi Anthology", written by Wang Anshi [Northern Song] and edited by Liu Chengguo
As a generation of people who have gathered the Six Arts and the Hundred Families of Chaff and Chaff, Wang Anshi has always been the focus of academic research, and his collections of writings have also had more than one kind of collated version. Initially, there was the "Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan" published by the Shanghai Editor of zhonghua bookstore in 1959, and then the "Wang Wengong Collection" published by the Shanghai People's Publishing House in 1974. The earlier collations of these two eras are inevitably underprepared because of the blue wisps of the road. The former used the Ming Dynasty He Qianben, which was photocopied in the "Preliminary Edition of the Four Series", as the base copy, and did not participate in the Longshu Ben of the Song Dynasty; the latter was based on the Longshu Ben, but there were few references to the school, and there were many missing articles, and it was also a version typeset in simplified characters. In 1999, the Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House published a simplified horizontal arrangement of the "Complete Works of Wang Anshi", although it is punctuated according to the "Wang Wen Gongwen Collection", but even the collation survey record is not out, it is only a convenient version for the public to read, not an ancient book collation work in the normative sense. The annotated editions of the poetry collection include the "Notes on the Poems of Wang Jingwen" punctuated by Zhang Zongsong Qingqi zhaiben in the 1958 Shanghai Edition of the Zhonghua Bookstore, as well as Li Zhiliang's "Notes on the Notes on the Poems of Wang Jinggong" (2002), "Notes on the Collected Poems of Wang Jinggong" (2005), and Gao Keqin's "Notes on the Poetry of Wang Jingwen" (2010), but they were not perfected.
All these things cannot help but make people sigh, such as Wang Anshi, such a famous sage, whose other collections have not been published in a sophisticated and superior collated version, as if the situation of Wang Wengong's collection "so far without a good book" mentioned in the "Poetry of the Western Qing Dynasty" has been repeated here. It was not until the publication of the Complete Works of Wang Anshi edited by Mr. Wang Shuizhao in 2016 that this situation was changed. The collation work of the "Complete Works" brings together many experts in Wang Anshi's research, and is also presided over by Mr. Wang Shuizhao, which is of high quality and well received. At this point, some people may inevitably worry that in the front, most of the remaining problems in Wang Anshi's research have been doubtful for a long time, and whether Professor Liu's "Wang Anshi Anshi Anthology" can still make a breakthrough? After reading the manuscript, such doubts were swept away. Whether it is in the punctuation and collation, or in the analysis of the Wang Ji version, the identification of forgeries and other aspects, Professor Liu has made innovations, which makes people issue a praise for this masterpiece that has been refined since then.
Stone statue of Wang An
First of all, from the combing and selection of various versions of the Wang Collection, Professor Liu Chengguo spent a lot of energy, and finally chose to use the Ming Jiajing He Qian's "Collection of Mr. Linchuan" collected by Taiwan's "National Library" as the base. In the past, most of the He Qianben used in collation were photocopied copies of the "Four Series", but Professor Liu carefully compared the Ming engraving and the "Four Series" and found that although the latter was easy to see and easy to obtain, it was not the overprinted He engraving that the academic circles usually thought (he carved ben was not the overprinted Zhan Da and Linchuan Ben), and there were typos in the first print of the "Four Series", and the reprinted version made some descriptive changes, which were not the same as the Original Ming Engraving, so he resolutely "gave up the near and far" for "removing the false and preserving the truth". There are eleven kinds of school books, such as the Southern Song Dynasty Longshu Ben, the Wang Jue Ben, the Ming Dynasty Jiajing Five-Year Engraving, and the Jiajing YingYun Partridge Ben. Among them, Wang Jueben alone participated in the study of the Guotu Tibetan Song Carved Yuanming Manuscript, the Beishi Dazang Remnant Song Ben, and the Guotu Tibetan Huang Tingjian School Edition. Some of the poems also include The Notes on the Poetry of Wang Jingwen in the Yuan Dae-deben, and the Notes on the Poems of Wang Jingwen in the Korean Movable Type Book Li Bi. In addition, more than ten kinds of anthologies and notes such as the Southern Song Dynasty inscription "Imperial Dynasty Wenjian" and "Selected Sacred Song Texts" were selected. It can really be described as a wide search and discussion, and it is a grand view.
Based on the "Taitu" Zangming Jiajing's thirty-ninth year He Qian's engraving of "Mr. Linchuan's Collected Writings", there are many important editions of Guangdong School
Secondly, in terms of point schooling, the newly compiled "Wang Anshi Anshi Anthology" is even more refined, and there are many mistakes in the previous collated books. For example, the poem "Temple Mo Zi Stone Painting, Soldier Leaning on Zhu Zhu" in volume 16 of the collection "Sending Yun Zhou Governor Song Zhi Discussion" sentence, Fudan "Complete Works" edition as "Temple Talk Zi Stone Painting", the next school record: "'Temple Talk', Song carved ben, Long Shu ben as 'Fu Mo'." Professor Liu compared and investigated each other and found that he qianben in the Ming Dynasty was written as "temple mo", and the initial printing of He Qianben collected in the "First Edition of the Four Series" was mistakenly written as "temple talk", and the later printed version had been described and revised. That is to say, there is no ancient engraving of the word "talk", and the "Complete Works" were originally mistaken by the first printing edition of the "Four Series". Moreover, the word "temple mo" comes from the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, which refers to the calculation of the imperial court, which is opposed to the next sentence "military strategy", and the "temple talk" language is not seen. Therefore, this new compilation of this work: "Temple Mo Zi Stone Painting", the next school record: "'Temple', Song carved ben, Long Shu ben as 'house'." ”
Another example is the "Epitaph of Wang Pingfu" in volume 91, "The Year Ends in forty-Seven", professor Liu Chengguo said:
The original five words "seven years of Xi Ning" were deleted according to the revision and jiajing five years. Long Shuben also has these five characters. Huang Xiaoyi said: "Under the 'Forty-Seven', there are many five words in the Ming Dynasty'. Then Huang saw that Song Ben did not have these five words. According to this, in April of the eighth year of Emperor Shenzong Xining (1075), Wang Anguo was still alive and wrote the "Epitaph of Zhang Jun, a member of the Shang Shu Tun Tian Yuanwailang", who died on August 17, 1075, the tenth year of Xi Ning. Detailed examination, you can see the humble text "Newly Unearthed Shang Shu Tun Tian Yuanwai Lang Zhang Jun Epitaph and Wang An Guo's New Certificate".
Professor Liu's article on wang anguo's death year I have read before is based on the newly unearthed "Epitaph of Zhang Jun, a member of the Shang Shu Tun Tian Yuanwailang Zhang Jun" (written by Wang An guo Xining in the eighth year), Wang Anshi's "The Envoy's Propaganda and Questioning and Giving Soup Medicine and Comforting an Guo's Brother's Death Thank you Table", Zeng Gong's "Sacrifice to Wang Pingfu Wen" and other historical materials to determine that An Guo's death year was in The Tenth Year of Xining. The double evidence method combined with newly excavated documents and heirloom historical materials is solid and credible, and the original examination can be determined, and this new compilation has added the Huang Tingjian school language on the "Linchuan Collection" of the Song Dynasty of the Song Dynasty, which can be called a solid and thorough, huge and detailed relic.
Full punctuation, informative
Such examples of such practical and doubt-dispelling are found in the manuscript, such as the twenty-one-volume poem "Sending Yu Wenqing" poem "Alone Over Ji Shan Forging Tree Yin", the "Complete Works" edition: "Alone over Ji Shan Forging Tree Yin", and the next school record: "'稽', 'Quan Song Poems' was revised to 'Ji'. "This new compilation of this work: "Alone over the Ji Mountain forging tree yin", the next school record: "The base book is '稽', and now according to the Yuan Dade ben reform." According to the press, JiShan, in the southwest of present-day Su County, Anhui, is said to have lived here for wrought iron. Jishan Mountain, or HuijiShan, was southeast of present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang, and had nothing to do with Ji Kang. ”
Third, the new collated edition has achieved remarkable results in the compilation and identification of Wang Anshi's works. The collection of 87 foreign texts and 81 poems, especially the final part of "Doubts and Falsification", has verified the authenticity of as many as 51 works. Under each work, not only the source and similarities and differences are detailed, but also the relevant historical materials and ancient commentaries are widely listed. If the literature is insufficient, there are two things to be doubted, and if there is a gap and a spider silk, it is criticized and distorted, in a word.
For example, in the article "Except for Han Qi Jing Zhaoyin's Re-Appointment of the Daimyo Fu System", the Yongle Canon belongs to Wang Anshi's name, and the Fudan "Complete Works" edition is included in the anointing text, and the note reads: "The Imperial Dynasty Wenjian and the Selected Articles of Discernment are all Yuan Dai. However, whether the author is Wang Weiyuan or Wang, he failed to judge. Professor Liu argued: "According to the "Continuation of the Zhizhi Tongjian Long Compilation" and others, Han Qi again sentenced the Daimyo mansion to be in the three or four years of The Xining Dynasty, at that time Wang Anshi had already worshipped the chancellor and did not control the internal and external systems, and Yuan Dai knew the system with the Hanlin scholar. This article is of course a meta-work. "Just one sentence and one sentence, you can see the essence of the examination history."
"Continued Zizhi TongJianchang Compilation", [Song] Li Tao, Shanghai Normal University Ancient Books Collation Research Institute, East China Normal University Ancient Books Research Institute
In addition, for example, in the "Hui Emperor's Relative Xie and Di Qi", it is said: "Qi Yue 'a certain limit column of the Court', but Wang Anshi did not serve as a Counselor in his lifetime. This is not the work of Wang Anshi. In November of the eighth year of Xi Ning's "(Jingding) Health Chronicle", Wang Anshi's "Begging to Abolish Xuanwu Lake as Tian Shu" said: "This article is definitely not written by Wang Anshi. In November of the eighth year of Xi Ning, Wang Anshi had returned to his appearance. "It may be judged by the past official, or by the age, but in fact, there are complex investigations behind it." For example, Professor Liu Chengguo of "Hui Huang Qin Xie and Di Qi" once examined the historical materials of the Song Dynasty and deduced that the emperor of this text may be Zhao Shu'an of the clan room, and the author is Zhang Xuan. In April of the second year of Yuan Feng, Zhang Xuan went to the Examination Hall of the Secret Cabinet as a zhizhi ( 知制诰 ) ; in May , he also served as a member of the Zhizhi Yuan. It is exactly the words in the text that "the list of the court is limited, and the palace screen is mo". In addition to the time discrepancy with Wang Anshi's judgment on Jiangning, the phrase "car driving patrol hunting" in the text is also quite abrupt, the Shenzong Dynasty never patrolled or discussed and patrolled Jiangning, and Professor Liu judged that this article was written on the occasion of Emperor Huizong and Emperor Qinzong or during the Gaozong Dynasty. Many of the final references written in the words are often only the key words that point directly to Ken Qi, and this weightless conciseness is really reminiscent of Jing Gong's sentence "It seems to be the most ordinary and strange, but it is easy but difficult".
All of the above, in the show that the new finishing book is a masterpiece of excellence and later refinement. Such achievements, of course, stem from the author's profound academic accomplishment. From the earlier "Jinggong New Study Research" to the "Long Compilation of Wang Anshi's Chronology" published a few years ago, Professor Liu Chengguo has been committed to the relevant research of Wang Anshi, and has a clear understanding of Wang Anshi's life and various historical documents.
"Wang Anshi Chronicle Long Compilation", by Liu Chengguo
Of course, it is difficult to have a perfect ancient book in the world, and the new edition of the "Collected Works of Wang Anshi" is also the same. On the one hand, Wang Anshi's life is full of controversy and entanglement, the authenticity of historical documents is mixed, and the edition of the anthology is even more complicated and chaotic. Although Professor Liu Chengguo has made a more detailed examination and new identification of the Version of Wang Ji this time, there is still room for deep drilling and further progress. On the other hand, there are many books in the Wang Collection, and it is inevitable that when proofreading, it is inevitable that the eyes will be tired and tired, and there will be minor negligence. For example, the "Great Brahma" in page 31 of the new edition of the Anthology, "Gift to Li Shiyun", and "Longshan" in page 90 of "Peng Li", seem to have missed the proper name line. On page 109 of the "Xi Ri", "Three thousand people at that time, Qi Song Chu Chen Zhou" sentence, the word "Zhou" and the names of the first four countries are added to the proper name line. Considering that there were no famous people among Confucius's disciples, and Confucius traveled around the world and did not enter the week, the word "zhou" may be used as a meaning of traveling and circumnavigating without drawing lines. In addition, on page 76 of the "Hejian" collation record, Li Bi is quoted as saying: "Emperor Wu established three kings, all of whom were registered. "冇" means not, and according to the meaning of the text and the "Biography of the Five Sons of Hanshu Wuzi", it is said that the word "have" is mistaken for "冇" due to the rambling of the book. However, the achievements of the new edition of the anthology are enormous, and it is the most sophisticated version today.
As we all know, the collation of ancient books is both "technical work" and "conscience work". Although many experts and scholars are willing to engage in this work of harvesting hundreds of flowers and making honey with enthusiasm and dedication, in today's college work, they have to spend a huge amount of time and energy on many administrative tasks and daily chores, and finally they are difficult to be thorough due to lack of skills. Nowadays, Professor Liu Chengguo, with his specialized education and proficiency in Wang Xue, has been engaged in the work of trivializing the worm fish of "Erya" without hesitation, and has re-washed wang Jinggong's eyebrows after a thousand years, and even more praised Xuelin, which is really admirable.
(This article was originally published in the 9th edition of China Reading News on January 26, 2022, author affilications: Advanced Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, Chongqing University)