Ten minutes a day, know a historical story.
Today I would like to introduce you to Ivan IV, the first Tsar of Russia.
Ivan IV' full name was Ivan IV Vasilyevich, born in Moscow in 1530, the child of Grand Duke Vasily III of Moscow and his second wife, Elena. When Ivan the Younger was three years old, his father died of illness, and since Vasily III had only one son, the three-year-old Ivan the Younger succeeded his father to the Grand Dukedom of Moscow, and when Ivan the Younger ascended the throne, because Ivan the Younger was only three years old at this time, his mother Elena took charge of the affairs of the country, and his mother promoted seven great nobles to jointly administer the country in order to consolidate the rule of the country. But as the power of these great nobles grew, and the common interests became more and more seriously threatened the dominance of Ivan IV and his mother, his mother took a series of measures to begin to persecute these great nobles who threatened her rule. However, Elena did not rule for several years before her mysterious death in 1538. According to later suspicions, too many people suspected that she had offended her, suspecting that she had been poisoned to death.
It can be said that Ivan the Younger grew up step by step in such an environment full of killing and power struggles, which had a profound impact on his later tyrannical, cold and suspicious personality, and in 1547, at the age of 14, Ivan IV was crowned Tsar.
First, to eliminate the opponents and to unify Russia
After Elena's death, the uncle of Elena's brother Ivan had been in charge of state affairs, but in the same year that he ascended to the throne, his uncle was burned alive by the rebellious militia. Later, after consolidating his position, Ivan also ordered the execution of the great nobles who had assisted him to hold power in his hands, and he vigorously reformed the military system, vigorously reorganized the Russian army and began to continue to expand abroad. He conquered a large area of Siberia and once wanted to conquer the Baltic states, but was opposed by Poland, Lithuania and other countries at that time and had to give up. But through Ivan IV's perennial conquests, the territory of modern Russia was basically determined.
Itedori IV Images
Second, kill the beloved son by mistake and slaughter the great nobles
The most obvious thing about Ivan the Terrible's tyrannical and cruel character is that he killed his own son with his own hands, and at a court banquet Ivan IV was beaten by Ivan IV because he saw that his daughter-in-law did not dress according to his requirements, resulting in the miscarriage of his daughter-in-law. His son went up to stop his father and tried to reason with him, but Ivan IV, in a fit of rage, threw his crutch at him, and coincidentally hit his son in the head, causing him to bleed on the spot. Later, a famous Russian painter Repin painted the "Ivan the Terrible Killing Son" picture, the old man in the picture whose eyes were full of fear and fear was the famous Ivan the Terrible, but at the moment in his eyes he could not see the usual tyranny and coldness, and there was only regret and pain.
Ivan the Terrible Kills
In the winter of 1564 Ivan IV chose to flee Moscow on the grounds that he could not bear the betrayal because there were too many traitors around him, which caused panic among the inhabitants of Moscow at the time, and he returned to Moscow with the permission of the archbishop at the time to punish any traitor. The introduction of the "special system" completely transformed Russia into a centralized state from top to bottom by the tsarist autocracy, killing all kinds of great nobles for various reasons that he felt might betray him. In seven years he killed about 4,000 nobles, eliminating the dangers of Russia's division.
Third, the cause of death is a mystery
At three o'clock in the morning on the day of Ivan IV's death, Ivan the Terrible ordered his guards to make a bath for him, and it took about four hours to write his will while taking a bath, and it took two hours to write the will.
After taking a bath, Ivan the Terrible said that he wanted to play chess, and playing chess in normal times was one of Ivan The Terrible's favorite game activities, but unexpectedly, when Ivan the Terrible had just placed the king in place, his hand seemed to not listen to the call and seemed to be unable to move even the chess pieces, and then he fell on his back, at the age of 54, and died of a stroke.
However, this is only the official Russian statement, and the real cause of death remained an unsolved mystery until 1963, when the Soviet Union opened Ivan the Terrible's mausoleum and tested the chemical composition of his body and found that there was a large amount of mercury in it. In the end, the forensic doctor believed that the possibility of someone chronically poisoning him could not be ruled out.
Ivan the Terrible died
Iv. Evaluate Ivan the Terrible
Ivan the Terrible can be said to be somewhat similar to our qin shi huang, who swept away the divisions and established a unified Russian state. It had a great influence on the formation of the basic territory of Russia.
However, his excessively tyrannical and cruel behavior may also be greatly influenced by the many court battles he witnessed in his childhood, and there is a great reason why later generations gave him the title of Ivan the "Thunder" Emperor.
Moreover, Ivan the Terrible was also a literary scholar, and he was deeply fond of writing articles in literary attainments, and he had a certain literary foundation, if he said that the second was that no one dared to say the first. Perhaps this is the charm of himself, he is both a cruel tyrant and a literary man.