As we all know, Peter the Great was a violent temper. He was most criticized for his brutal flogging that led to his death after his eldest son, Alexei Petrovich, fled Russia and was captured. In fact, this is also premised, Alexei's mother, Roputina, represents the russian conservative nobles, and Peter the Great's political views are completely opposite. Alexei himself was raised by his mother, close to his mother, and his political views were the opposite of his father, Peter the Great. And because of his mother's depose, he resented his father, and there was evidence that he might have been involved in a plot to overthrow Peter the Great, and fled abroad after the defeat. Treating political enemies as ruthlessly as an autumn wind sweeping away leaves is all too common in political struggles, and the fate of all those who lose political struggles is the same in every country. Even if it is a biological son, in China's feudal society, there are many people who are exiled to death, not only Peter the Great.
Peter the Great
However, in the longer history, there is another tsar, who was violent, directly killed his son, and married 8 wives, 6 of whom died, and it has to be said that the position of Russian queen is even more dangerous than that of the president of South Korea. Today we will start with this extremely hot-tempered Ivan the Terrible.
Ivan IV Vasilyevich, historically known as Ivan IV or simply Ivan the Terrible Ivan the Terrible. He was the son of Grand Duke Vasily III of Moscow and his second wife, Yelena Grimskaya, and the first Tsar of the Rurik dynasty.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > start with mom</h1>
Ivan IV's mother's full name was Yelena Vasilyevna Gryskaya, but in fact their clan was not Russian, but a descendant of the Mongol Mamai, a member of the Golden Family. The Mamai family, once a powerful family of the Golden Horde, later changed their surname to Glinsky and received the title of duke.
At the family gathering of the Duke of Glinsky, the invited Vasily III was conquered by the beauty of Yelena Grimskaya and immediately fell under her pomegranate skirt. When he returned home, he divorced his first wife, Solomonia Yuriyevna Sabrova, on the grounds of childlessness, and proposed to Yelena.
Elena Vasilyevna Grinskaya
Yelena thus became vasily III's second wife and bore him two sons: Ivan IV Vasilievich and Yuri Vasilievich. Vasily III was obedient to his young and beautiful wife, who did not like beards, and the Grand Duke shaved off his face full of hair.
Vasily III
Unfortunately, only 7 years after the good times, Vasily III died of illness, and his eldest son Ivan was 3 years old and succeeded to the throne under the regency of his mother Yelena. Before his death, Vasily III appointed 7 nobles to form a regency to assist the young Ivan IV. But the political struggle was so complicated that no one expected the beautiful Elena to be even more fierce, first purging the regency, forcing Vasily III's two younger brothers to die, and then throwing several other regents into prison to monopolize power. Unfortunately, because her methods were too absolute, it caused dissatisfaction among other nobles, and legend has it that her political enemies poisoned her, resulting in the sudden violent death of the powerful queen 5 years later.
At this time, Ivan was only 8 years old.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Ivan's bloody reign</h1>
Why is Ivan IV called The Thunder Emperor? Apparently not because he possesses Thor's Hammer... One theory is that Ivan was born just when the thunder was rolling, and the loud noise resounded through the clouds, so he was called Ivan the Terrible. But a more reliable theory is that this terrible name comes from the shocking and frightening purges after his pro-government, thunderous means, cruel and crazy.
Ivan the Terrible
What was Ivan's main policy after coming to power? He implemented his original "special jurisdiction" in the country. That is to say, the territory of the country was divided into two parts, one was a special jurisdiction, the territorial area was the heart of Russia, ruled by the special army appointed by the Tsar; and then the remote and backward areas were divided into ordinary areas, which were administered by noble lords. After this division, he moved the great nobles out, of course, nominally by letting them go to his own territory, which greatly weakened the power of the nobles.
Do you think he is ready to boil frogs in warm water, to wear down the strength of the nobles step by step? In the second step, Ivan the Terrible formed a special army that was absolutely loyal to the Tsar and ruthless and arbitrary to his subjects. The special army is a bit like the Ming Dynasty's Jinyi guards + army model, they uniformly wear black clothing, carry brooms and dog heads, patrol around, closely monitor all the people and report everything to the Tsar.
Special Forces
Then he began the carnage.
Before the nobles could react, he sent an army to massacre the princes and nobles. Of course, the massacre was mainly against the feudal princes and nobles who had the strength to resist the Tsar, and about 4,000 great nobles were killed in 7 years. If this series of acts of his can be explained by strengthening the centralization system, then his slaughter of some small principalities or regions can only be described as brutal.
Ivan the Terrible captured Kazan Khan
After seven years of massacres, only nine of the ancient lords' families survived, and even in these nine families, most of the land was confiscated, but it was only to maintain the title of nobility. The Bishop of Moscow, Philippe, was strangled to death by his men for publicly condemning ivan IV's tyranny.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Ivan killed</h1>
And among his atrocious acts, the most direct and bizarre thing is that Ivan killed his own son Ivan Ivanovich, not to punish him as Peter did, but to kill the crown prince with his own staff.
Ivan IV
The story goes like this: Ivan IV accidentally discovered crown prince Ivan's wife, her daughter-in-law, dressed in a manner inconsistent with etiquette in Aleksandrov's palace. It is almost the rule that you must wear 3 pieces of clothing, and as a result, you wear one, still hanging out in the palace, and you can't help but get angry, and go forward to beat up your daughter-in-law. At this time, the daughter-in-law was pregnant, and when Ivan IV beat his daughter-in-law, Crown Prince Ivan arrived and tried to protect his wife, only to be hit on the head by Ivan IV with the scepter in his hand, and his head was broken and bleeding. His wife then miscarried.
Ivan the Terrible killed his son
The famous Russian painter Ilya Repin once created a classic work based on this historical scene, called "Ivan the Terrible Kills the Son".
Of course, I also saw another version of the story. In this version, Crown Prince Ivan inherits Ivan IV's violent temper and ambitions. By this time Ivan IV was older, less grumpy, and more peacefully lost his initiative. The restless Ivan and Ivan the Terrible quarreled more than once about the expedition to Poland, but because of the empty treasury caused by years of military use, Ivan the Terrible did not agree with his son's idea. That night, Ivan rushed into his father's palace after drinking too much and scolded Ivan the Terrible, who, although he was old, was scolded by his son and lost his temper, so he picked up the wat stick in his hand and beat it, and the result was just hit on the temple, and Crown Prince Ivan died.
Of course, there is also the wild history of Ivan the Terrible and his daughter-in-law climbing ash and being bumped into by his son, and then killing his son by mistake, and everyone laughed and laughed.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Ivan's eight wives</h1>
The first was called Anastasia Romanovna, and she was rumored to be of good character enough to use all the Russian words to describe female virtues to describe her. Of course, pretty is standard, not to mention her beauty. She is said to be Ivan's true love, and the two have lived together for 13 years, and she will gently persuade Ivan's violent temper, but unfortunately she is poisoned by the enemy. Since her death, Ivan has begun a brutal slaughter.
The second was Maria Tymrugovna, who was dismissed as illiterate shortly after marrying Ivan and forced into leaving the family.
The third Marfa Sobagina, who was poisoned two weeks after the wedding, is now unclear, there is a saying that her mother gave her a fertility medicine, but this medicine is poisonous, so she died of poisoning shortly after marriage.
The reason for the forced ordination of the fourth Anna Kortovskaya was that she could not have children.
The fifth term was very straightforward, Maria Dolgojukaya died on the wedding night, supposedly due to the collapse of the skull in later studies... The legendary reason is that Ivan discovered on his wedding night that she was not a virgin, so...
The reason for the sixth Anna Vasirshkova was the same as that of the other Anna, who was forced out of the house because she could not give birth to children and then died.
The seventh Vasilisha Merenteva was forced to become a monk, and according to legend, she died of death, and there are also legends that she died.
The eighth Maria Nagaya, the woman worked very hard to give birth to her son Dmitry, but during confinement Ivan IV intended to depose her and marry a relative of Queen Elizabeth I. Fortunately, the plan did not succeed, and although the last queen was not mentioned in the Tsar's will, she at least lived to the end of her life.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > restore a real Ivan the Terrible</h1>
We have been saying that he is violent and extreme in his rule, but do you dare to believe that he is the most educated grand duke and tsar of all Russia. As loud as his reputation for cruelty to small animals from childhood is his penchant for reading, good at writing, and a high level of proficiency in The Russian language. Although the extant works are mainly related to politics, the level of his word-making is the highest level of the Tsar who has never been seen before or since. In addition, he was a very good orator, linguist, and attached great importance to the development of Russian culture.
Crown of Monomacher (Ivan the Terrible took it to complete his coronation ceremony as Tsar)
In addition, Ivan IV was fond of the occult, such as alchemy and astrology. He raised many astrologers and magicians in the palace, and predicted for him conquests, reforms, or "personnel movements" according to the stars according to ivan the rex.'s wishes. Chess was also a hobby of Ivan IV, the kind that liked to kill two games when he had nothing to do.
It is difficult to say whether Ivan's character was due to inheriting the naturally warlike blood of the Mongol Golden Horde, or because the little boy lost his parents at the age of 8 and struggled alone in the cannibalistic palace. But what is certain is that Ivan is talented but very suspicious, and he does not hesitate to speculate with the greatest malice, although most of these speculations will eventually become true. Moreover, because of their positions, European commentators always trumpet Ivan's irritability and his atrocities, while avoiding his policies and good deeds, and some of them are suspected of passing on the negative image of Ivan IV. On the contrary, the Russian subjects tended to have a positive evaluation of Ivan IV, the dictator, preferring to call him Emperor.
Ivan the Terrible's killing of his son was the loss of an heir to the Rurik dynasty, while another Fyodor I Ivanovich was mentally handicapped, and after his coronation, power soon fell into the hands of the powerful minister Godonov. The Tsar left no heirs, so the All-Russian Council of Gentry elected Godunov as the Tsar of Russia, and the Rurik dynasty died three generations later.