It is said that Russia is a fighting nation, and the war is fierce and fierce, but in fact, the Russians are vying for power and profit within themselves, and they are "fiercer and more fierce" in killing each other: when the new ruler comes to power, he will definitely cut the grass and root out the previous ruler, and the entire family group will be destroyed.
The history of Russia is not long, and can be roughly divided into four stages: 862 AD to 1598 AD, the "Rurik Dynasty" period; 1613 AD to 1917 AD, the "Romanov Dynasty"; the Romanov Dynasty was overthrown in 1917, the Soviet Union was founded in 1918, and the Soviet Union disintegrated in December 1991, which is the third period; the current Russian Federation is the fourth period, which continues.
The transition from the Rurik dynasty to the Romanov dynasty was bloody and crowded. As soon as those in power lose power, they immediately extinguish the door. Today I will talk about how the Rurik dynasty was destroyed, how the Romanov dynasty came to power, and how several aristocratic families were "extinct" during this period. Yeltsin wants Putin to give him a "pardon order."
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="17" > Ivan the Terrible killed his eldest son and shattered the Rurik dynasty</h1>
Ivan the Terrible was ivan iv of the Rurik dynasty in Russian history, who was crowned tsar in January 1547 and died of a stroke in March 1584; his mother, Yelena, was a descendant of the Great Khan of the Golden Horde of Mongolia, so his body flowed with Mongol blood.
Ivan the Terrible occupied a very special and important position in the history of Tsarist Russia, and made important contributions to the expansion of Russia's territory, exchanges with Europe, and the establishment of institutions. But he was also a particularly ruthless man, who exploded at the slightest point and was easily agitated; particularly cruel and murderous at every turn. He had married eight wives in all, and let's see what happened to these eight poor women.
The first wife, Antasia Romanovna, died in the second year of Ivan the Terrible's coronation as Tsar, supposedly poisoned;
The second wife, Maria Tymrugovna, was treated coldly after marriage and soon disappeared inexplicably;
The third wife, Marfa Sobagina, was as beautiful as a heavenly immortal, but she died after two weeks of marriage, and she was also poisoned;
The fourth wife, Anna Kortovskaya, ran away from home shortly after marriage, supposedly becoming a monk;
The fifth wife, Maria Dolgojukaya, died on the night of her wedding day, and is said to have died with a large depression in her skull;
The sixth and seventh wives were killed.
The eighth wife, Maria Nagaya, died shortly after their marriage, and she survived.
In 1581, Ivan the Terrible was fifty-one years old, and only three sons survived, and the crown prince was Prince Ivan; once, Ivan the Terrible found in the palace that Crown Prince Ivan's pregnant wife was dressed in a manner that did not conform to the rules of etiquette, and could not help but be furious, and went forward to beat his daughter-in-law and beat his daughter-in-law to miscarriage; Crown Prince Ivan just came back to see that he came forward to protect his wife, and suddenly Made Ivan the Terrible furious, and he used his scepter to fight the crown prince's face, and as a result, the crown prince was beaten to death.
After killing Ivan, Ivan the Terrible was dumbfounded, he had only three sons, Ivan died, leaving only a mentally unsound and frail son Fyodor, and a son Dmitry, who had just been born to his last wife, Maria Nagaya, but the child was also too young and still infancy. After the eldest son was killed, Ivan the Terrible was heartbroken and died three years later.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="114" > a man named "Boris" turned out</h1>
At this time, a man named Boris appeared. He was a Russian nobleman who was loyal to Ivan the Terrible, and ivan the Terrible trusted him; he assisted Ivan when Ivan was not killed; after Ivan's death, Ivan the Terrible asked him to assist his mentally handicapped son Fiordo.
Boris also saw that the situation was different, and he laid out in advance and married his beautiful sister to Fiordo; after Ivan the Terrible's death, he assisted Fiordo, who could not even count, to ascend the throne, and all the power was of course in his own hands. So he exiled Ivan the Terrible's youngest son, Dmitry, who was only five years old, to a remote, cold place; sure enough, it wasn't long before Dmitry died.
After another six or seven years, all the innings were laid out, and Fiordo had just died, without a single descendant. In this way, niu X's "Rurik" family waved their hands after eight hundred years of crossing the Russian land, and disappeared without leaving a descendant; there was no emperor in the great country, what to do? The ministers agreed to make Boris Tsar. Boris sternly refused, because the ministers did not fully calculate, and they also wanted the nobles to ask for more, so as to have face and be very stable in the future.
So the nobles met again to elect them, and of course only Boris was suitable. In this way, under the unanimous recommendation and common pleading of the ministers and nobles, Boris reluctantly ascended the throne and was crowned, becoming the first tsar who was not the Rurik family. Not only did he not have the blood of the Nordic Rurik family in his veins, but he also had nothing to do with the Tatars.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="115" > Boris's ideas and practices are not wrong</h1>
Boris was a man of great brains, and he had seen clearly the future of Russia in Europe; he also saw that Germany was growing in power. How can Russia be made to increase its strength to deal with the increasingly complex surrounding situation? One is to strengthen the country and the other is to centralize power. To be strong is to increase the income of the state; to centralize power is to be supported by the nobility and the big landowners. So Boris issued a decree stipulating that the people of Russia are not allowed to move at will.
The peasants must remain in the land where they are now living; the land certainly has masters, who are either nobles or large landowners, so that every little grass, every tree, and the peasants who live here on this land are the private property of the owners of the land, the nobles and the landlords. This was the beginning of "serfdom" in Russia, which lasted until 1861.
Why was "serfdom" introduced? Because when there is no land, the Russian peasants often migrate everywhere and find a good place to live; when it becomes bad, they move away, anyway, the place is big enough, do not worry about finding a good place. It was precisely because the peasants were running everywhere, the nobles and landlords who owned the land could not get the labor power, and there was no income in the land, that the order to prohibit migration was unanimously supported by the nobles and landlords.
The serfs could not be fixed in one place at will, but they were not slaves, but they relied on the serf owners on the land, and they had to pay enough rent after harvesting grain every year. The peasants felt that this system was not good, and they used to be able to run around, take root wherever they were good, and there was no claim that what they planted was given to others. Now it is good, you can't go anywhere, and the harvest in the field must be handed in.
The enthusiasm of the peasants has been hit as never before, and on a national scale, it is reflected in the utilization rate of arable land and the wealth and income of the state and landlords. The peasants have no enthusiasm, a large number of land is deserted, the landlord's income is of course reduced, and the state has no tax revenue. All the root causes are this "no peasant migration" order, poor peasants, barren landlords, income-reducing aristocrats, all complained about Boris, and dissatisfaction spread everywhere in the upper class.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="117" > chaos is difficult to end as long as it starts</h1>
Chaos began, and the chaos was not rational at all, as if to get Boris to step down. A rumor began to circulate in society that Ivan the Terrible's youngest son, Dmitry, did not die, but lived in Poland. This fundamentally shook Boris's legitimacy, and in 1604 a Poleman claiming to be Ivan the Terrible's younger son, Dmitry, came to Russia. Just then, Boris died.
Immediately, all the men fell into a frenzy to greet the "true monarch" Dmitry, who shoved the scepter into the hands of the impostor and put the crown involuntarily on his head. In order to reassure "Dmitry", the nobles also sent people to strangle Boris's wife and son, and to wipe out Boris's entire family to avoid any trouble.
But this fake Dmitry was a fool who didn't know how to unite the Russians; and his wife, a Polish Catholic, brought a large number of Polish Catholics to Russia, which made the Russian church angry. The key to the emergence of such rulers in a country that regards "Orthodoxy" as the religion of the state is that they are so blatant and so contemptuous of The Orthodox Church.
In less than five years, the fake "Dmitry" was assassinated, his body mutilated; the angry people went around wiping out everything about him, and it was another extermination. And the Russians also saw that this deception was related to the chaos in his own country, to the Polish king, who wanted to mess up Russia, take the opportunity to annex Russia, and establish a Great Slavic state.
The attempt of the Polish king was discovered, the fake "Dmitry" was eliminated, and a common national crisis led to the unification of the Russian nobility and peasantry: a new suitable tsar. But the Rurik dynasty was gone, and no one qualified to take the throne had it.
On February 21, 1613, the "All-Russian Council of Gentry" was held, which was attended by either nobles or landlords, and the assembly unanimously elected the 16-year-old Mikhail Romanov as Tsar, and this young Tsar was the grandfather of "Peter the Great".
In fact, the Romanov family and the former Rurik family are inextricably linked; after the fall of the Rurik dynasty, Russia is in a mess, and many families will fall to boris's side and the false "Dmitry" for their own interests, and only the Romanov family adheres to its own principles and refuses to cooperate.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="119" > Mikhail Romanov reluctantly became tsar and began the three-hundred-year-old Romanov dynasty</h1>
Mikhail was chosen, and he was reluctant to ascend the throne as Tsar of Russia on July 11, 1613, on his 17th birthday. And not wanting to be tsar was really their family's idea, because being a tsar was simply too dangerous.
First of all, many families in the country are secretly making bad, and there are Polish kings abroad who are constantly sending assassination missions to prevent Russia from calming down. And the Tsar was overthrown, not one person was killed, but the whole family was wiped out, the Rurik family was gone, the Boris family was not left, and the fake "Dmitry" was also wiped out in five years.
Second, in the north of Russia, Sweden occupied seven Russian cities headed by Novgorod, not to mention Poland, which wanted to annex Russia; in the south of Russia, the Tartar cavalry of the Crimean Khanate had always used the Russian hinterland as their own warehouse, and they would come to grab it when they had nothing to do. The country was full of bandits who wanted to be a tsar.
Mikhail Romanov was a weak young man with neither the experience nor the ability to govern, and the power was in the hands of his mother and the noble courtiers around him. But that wasn't a bad thing, because Russia at the time really had to get rid of the problem so that it could move forward lightly.
For Sweden in the north, it is a concession, Russia ceded five cities in one go, even the mouth of the Baltic Sea was ceded to Sweden, until more than sixty years later, it was won back by Peter the Great through the northern war; for Poland, it was while fighting and talking, and in the end, Russia also ceded a large amount of land to Poland in order to seek peace on the border; but Poland also did not have much to do, and after a few years it was in turmoil in its own country, and since then it has been devastated and divided up by Russia over and over again.
The Romanov family showed no mercy for internal counterinsurgency. In 1614, the rebels led by Zarutsky and Marina Mnitsek were defeated, and in order to kill a hundred and never have a problem, the Russian nobles ordered the Tsar to have Zarutsky beheaded and Marina Mnitsek imprisoned until his death; especially cruelly, they also hanged Marina's four-year-old son on the gate of the fortress.
This cruel practice disgusted the common people, and they spread a rumor that Marina was a witch with boundless magic power, and that the hanging of children by the Tsarist family would be punished. Three hundred years later, the entire family of the last Tsar was wiped out, and I don't know if it was this retribution.
In June 1645, Mikhail Romanov died and was succeeded by his son Alexei; Russia, although still in chaos, was much better than it had been during the vacant period, at least the Tsarist family was stable, and the Romanov dynasty was officially established after thirty years of trial operation. As for internal and external contradictions, take your time, which era does not have such contradictions, which country does not?
The Romanov dynasty lasted for three hundred years until its demise in 1917. In 1917, the First World War was being fought, there were problems within Russia, the February Revolution broke out, the workers revolted, the army sent to suppress the riots turned against the enemy and joined the side of the revolution, the last Tsar Nicholas II suddenly lost his army, and then he announced his abdication.
But abdicating is not enough, and the "fighting trait" of the Russians is to do nothing without leaving any trouble. On July 17, 1918, Tsar Nicholas II's entire family was shot along with other royal families, even the beautiful, innocent, harmless little princess.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="122" > Yeltsin saw history clearly, so he had to have a "death-free gold medal"</h1>
In 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed and an era came to an end. But Boris Yeltsin, who dismantled the Soviet Union and became the first president of Russia, was worried about how much he resembled the Boris after the fall of the Rurik dynasty.
On December 31, 1999, on the last day of the twentieth century, Yeltsin resigned and elected Putin as his successor. As soon as Putin took office, he immediately announced a pardon: amnesty for the Yeltsin family so it may be prosecuted. That is to say, from now on, no problem with the Yeltsin family can be pursued.
This is to give Yeltsin a "gold medal for avoiding death", which is exactly what Yeltsin wants: because in Russian history, as long as there is a change of dynasties, the key figures are "extinct".