In 1976, archaeologists, guided by local villagers in Fengxiang County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, came to a piece of farmland. The farmland is very strange, no matter how much rain it rains, the crops here are not growing well, and the villagers have become accustomed to this, but the archaeologists have felt a little unusual.
Archaeologists have used the Luoyang shovel to detect that the soil layer here has been artificially turned over, which means that there are indeed traces of human life underneath.
Here to say more, the original soil layer is called "raw soil", these soils basically have no objects left over from human life, the soil is relatively clean, and the structure is relatively uniform.
"Mature soil" refers to the artificially turned soil, which is relatively chaotic and relatively loose, and there is a big difference between the soil structure and the surrounding raw soil. It is precisely because of this that both tomb robbers and archaeologists will use the Luoyang shovel to detect the situation inside the soil layer, and once the "mature soil" is found, it means that there may be traces of human life here, such as: tombs, or buried capitals.
Among them, the backfill soil of the tomb will also go through ramming, there are rammed layers and rammers, and the soil layer brought back from the Luoyang shovel can analyze whether the bottom is an ancient tomb or a buried capital city, and after analysis, it is believed that this farmland is an ancient tomb underground.
Archaeologists use the Luoyang shovel to make an eye probe every 1 meter at the site to form a grid, so that the edge of the tomb, the shape of the tomb, the size of the area of the tomb, the depth of the burial chamber, the structure of the backfill soil, etc. can be determined. Help archaeologists better understand the characteristics of ancient tombs.
Through detection, it was found that the ancient tomb has two tomb passages, in the shape of a "medium" glyph, and the "middle" glyph is the tomb regulation of the princes in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, and the higher rank will use the "sub" shaped tomb specifications, such as: Zhou Tianzi. Secondly, the area of the tomb is very large, reaching more than 5,000 square meters.
The specifications are so high and the area is so large, which also means that the owner of this main tomb must be very high, and the higher the identity of the tomb owner, the more funerary products there are, and archaeologists hope that this ancient tomb can unearth a large number of cultural relics with writing, trying to unlock the history that has been hidden underground for hundreds of years or even thousands of years.
However, in the process of archaeology, experts began to worry about the tomb, because there were 247 robbery holes in this ancient tomb, of which there were more than 60 robbery holes on the third step, and even there were more than 10 robbery holes on the main coffin. Judging from the items left in the cave, the tomb was stolen at different times, including the Song Dynasty.
Although the appearance of the cave has worried archaeologists, excavations continue, and as the backfill soil is cleared, experts have found that the tomb has three steps and is inverted pyramid-shaped.
At the base of the second floor of the tomb, experts found a disturbing scene, where 20 human remains, large and small, were found, none of which were coffins, the vast majority of which were incomplete and some of which had heads separate from their limbs.
In the soil layer below these remains, experts excavated more than 160 remains, which are relatively complete in limbs and have independent coffins, which are divided into box martyrdom and box martyrdom according to different grades.
Experts believe that the 20 human remains found at the beginning should be "human animals", these people may be prisoners or slaves, they are used for sacrifice like cattle.
The skeletons of more than 160 remains had arsenic on them, which is the main ingredient of arsenic, and these people are likely to be buried with them, and it is impossible to know whether they were voluntarily or forced.
In fact, the system of martyrdom has a long history, including the Book of Poetry. "Yellow Bird" describes the martyrdom of Qin Mugong: handing over the yellow bird, ending with thorns. Who is from Mugong?
Although Qin Mugong has a clear record of martyrdom, the number of martyrs of Qin Mugong is 177, while the number of martyrs in this ancient tomb has reached 186, which is obviously inconsistent.
The artifacts that can uncover the mystery of the owner of this ancient tomb may be hidden in the main coffin. However, the main coffin will continue to dig downwards, and after digging into the main coffin, the experts are once again stunned, because this coffin uses the legendary "yellow intestine inscription".
(Yellow intestine puzzle model figure)
"Yellow intestine" is the cypress wood of the yellow heart, and "inscription" is the form and structure of the wood placement. "Yellow intestine inscription" refers to: a thick wooden wall stacked in a centripetal manner with yellow heart cypress wood.
The reason why the yellow intestine question shocked the experts was not that the experts were lonely and unheard, but that the yellow intestine question was a funeral specification that zhou Tianzi could only use, and even the Qin Dynasty monarch could not use such a high-standard funeral specification.
So who is the owner of this ancient tomb?
Unfortunately, despite the yellow intestine inscription, the main tomb was still stolen, and there were more than 10 stolen caves, and the bronzes, ceremonial tools and other cultural relics that should have appeared in the ancient tomb have disappeared. Archaeologists are very sorry for this, the remains are not valuable bronze stolen, but the bronze is likely to be engraved with inscriptions, writing is the best way to record history, no cultural relics with writing have been found, making the ownership of this ancient tomb a problem. However, this does not mean that there are no cultural relics unearthed here, experts have found a total of 3500 cultural relics here.
Very fortunately, in one of the robbery caves, archaeologists found a stone rock broken into several pieces, there are inscriptions on the rock, archaeologists pieced together a complete whole of the broken stone rock, found that it was engraved with more than 180 large characters, and these words just recorded the information of the owner of the tomb: Qin Jinggong.
Qin Jinggong was a descendant of The Duke of Qin Huan, during the Qin Jinggong period, although the national strength of the Qin Dynasty was not as strong as that of the later period, but the national strength also increased, coupled with the decline of Zhou Tianzi's strength at this time, the princes gradually transgressed in the ceremonial system, so that Qin Jinggong dared to use the "yellow intestine inscription" that Zhou Tianzi could use. It can be said that the Ambition of the Qin Dynasty to take the place of Zhou Tianzi could not be hidden for a long time, and qin Jinggong dared to use the etiquette system of Zhou Tianzi during the Qin Jinggong period.
On the other hand, there are a lot of funeraries in the Qinjing Cemetery burial, and these funerals may not have a low status, may be close ministers or concubines, which is also a great blow to the country's talents. Therefore, in the subsequent development process of the Qin Dynasty, the burial of living people was gradually eliminated, and the way of terracotta warriors was adopted instead.
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