In the twenty-eighth year of the Duke of Qin Huan (577 BC), duke Huan of Qin died and was succeeded by duke Jing of Qin.
In the thirteenth year of the Duke of Qin Jing (564 BC), the Duke of Qin Jing sent Shi Wei to the State of Chu to request reinforcements to attack the State of Jin, and Zi Nan persuaded the King of Chu not to send troops on the grounds that Jin was strong and Qin was weak, but the King of Chu did not listen. In the autumn of the same year, the King of Chu garrisoned troops at Wucheng (武城, in present-day northern Nanyang, Henan Province) as reinforcements for the State of Qin, which then attacked the State of Jin, which was suffering from famine and unable to fight back. In retaliation, the Duke of Jin sent Xun Yan to attack the State of Qin the following year.
In the fifteenth year of Qin Jinggong (562 BC), the King of Chu led an army to attack the State of Zheng and sent zi nang to ask for help from the State of Qin, and Qin Jinggong sent the Right Master Zhan to lead the army to rescue. Zheng Jiangong turned his back on his alliance with the Jin state and allied with the State of Chu. In the same year, the State of Chu and the State of Zheng sent troops to attack the Jin ally of the State of Song, and the State of Jin led a coalition of princes to rescue the State of Song. Qin Jinggong sent Shu Changbao and Shu Changwu to lead troops to rescue Zheng Guo. Shu Chang Bao entered the border of the Jin state first, and the Jin army defenders let down their vigilance because of the small number of Qin soldiers. Shu Changwu crossed the Yellow River from Fushi (in present-day Dali County, Shaanxi Province) and attacked the Jin army with Shu Changbao, and the Qin army engaged the Jin army at Lidi (栎地, southwest of present-day Yongji, Shanxi), and the Jin army was defeated.
In the sixteenth year of the Duke of Qin Jing (561 BC), in retaliation for the Jin state to attack the State of Zheng, the State of Chu sent Zi Nang, and the State of Qin sent Shu Changdi to meet at Yang Liang (present-day southeast of Shangqiu City, Henan Province) to attack the State of Song. In the same year, the King of Chu sent Sima Zigeng to the State of Qin to thank Duke Jing of Qin for marrying his daughter to the State of Chu.
In the eighteenth year of the Duke of Qin Jing (559 BC), in order to avenge the defeat at the Battle of Oak, the Duke of Jin sent Xun Yan to lead the Lu state uncle Sun Bao, the Qi state Cui Zhu, the Song state Huayue, Zhongjiang, the Weiguo Beigong Kuo, the Zheng state Gongsun Ju, the Cao state, the Ju state, the State of Qi, the teng state, the Xue state, the Qi state, and the state of Qi to attack the state of Qin, and the princes allied forces to the Jing River but refused to cross the river, and after Shu Xiang met with his uncle Sun Bao, the state of Lu and the state of Ju first led an army to cross the river. Under the persuasion of Gongsun Yu and Beigong Kuo, the combined forces of the princes were stationed after crossing the Jing River. The Qin people placed poison in the upper reaches of the Jing River, and the combined forces of the princes suffered heavy casualties. Encouraged by Gongsun Qi, the Jin general Xun Yan ordered the wells for water to be filled in, the stoves for cooking were demolished, and the combined forces of the princes reached Tanglin (棫林, in present-day eastern Hua County, Shaanxi Province) and withdrew. The Jin generals Luan Needle and Shi Martin rushed into the Qin army camp, Luan Needle was killed in battle, Luan Di was angry with Shi Martin because of the death of his brother Luan Needle, and Shi Martin was forced to leave the Qin State.
Qin Jinggong asked Shi Martin who would perish first, and Shi Martin replied that it was the Luan clan. Qin Jinggong said, "Is it because of Luan Di's arrogance?" Shi Martin replied, "Yes, Luan Di is too arrogant, but I am afraid that the evil will fall on Luan Ying." Qin Jinggong asked him why, and Shi Martin replied: "Luan Shu's kindness still remains among the people, and Luan Di has accumulated too much resentment. By the Luan Ying generation, Luan Ying's Ende had not yet been accumulated, and the Ender of the Luan Shu generation had long been consumed, so the demise of the Luan clan should be in the Luan Ying generation. Qin Jinggong thought that what ShiMartin said was very insightful, so he asked ShiMartin to return to the Jin Kingdom and asked the Duke of Jin to restore him to his original position.
In the twenty-eighth year of the Duke of Qin Jing (549 BC), after the death of the Duke of Jin, both Qin and Jin wanted to end the war, so they began peace talks. The Duke of Jinping sent Han to form an alliance with the State of Qin, and the Duke of Qin Jing also sent his son to the State of Jin to form an alliance, but there were differences between the two sides, and only agreed to strike a truce but not an alliance.
In the thirtieth year of the Duke of Qin Jing (547 BC), the State of Qin sent houzi to the State of Jin to re-ally. In the summer of the same year, the State of Chu and the State of Qin jointly attacked the State of Wu and reached Yanlou (雩娄, northeast of present-day Shangcheng County, Henan Province), where they learned that the State of Wu had long been prepared to retreat. The Combined Forces of Qin and Chu took the opportunity to attack Zheng Guo, defeating Zheng Guo's army and fighting all the way to Chenglu. The State of Chu captured Emperor Jie and Father Yin, and the State of Chu escorted Emperor Jie back to China and handed over Father Yin to the Qin army. According to the instructions of the son, the son redeemed the father of yin with gifts.
In the thirty-first year of the Duke of Qin Jing (546 BC), the Grand Master of the State of Song summoned the princes to hold an alliance of soldiers and sent emissaries to inform the State of Qin, but the State of Qin did not send emissaries to participate in the alliance.
In the thirty-sixth year of qin jinggong (541 BC), Qin Jinggong's half-brother Houzi Ji was afraid of being killed because someone had said bad things about him, so he fled to the Jin dynasty, and fled with a thousand heavy trucks. Jin Pinggong said, "You are so rich, why do you want to flee?" Hou Zi Needle replied, "Qin Jun has no way, I am afraid of being killed, and I want to wait until his heir succeeds to the throne." ”
In the 40th year of the Duke of Qin Jing (537 BC), Duke Jing of Qin died and was buried in QiuLinan, where he was succeeded by his son Duke Ai of Qin. In the same year, Houzi returned to the Qin Kingdom.
After the Qin state dominated the Spring and Autumn Period, several of his successors did not do much, and in nearly 40 years, he successively served three rulers, the first Qin Kanggong engaged in nephew diplomacy with the Jin state, and as a result, the relationship changed, the good of Qin and Jin became the enemy of Qin and Jin, and the strategic key place in Hexi was lost. The second Qin Gonggong ruled without doing anything, brushed his sense of existence once in five years, and could not be closed. The third Duke Huan of Qin was self-conscious, not to mention his own strength, and had to prove to the Jin State that he was better than others, and as a result, in the Battle of Ma Tunnel, he was defeated by the Jin forces and fled.
After Qin Jinggong succeeded to the throne, he sat alone for forty years, catching up with the sum of the previous three terms. After he took office, he was a little slippery, and seeing that the strength of the Jin state was really too strong, he adopted a roundabout strategy, uniting the strong Chu to attack the Jin state at both ends, which had the advantage of forcing the Jin state to deal with it, and the younger brothers of the Jin state also defected to Qin and Chu.
In his lifetime, Qin Jinggong can be said to have done two great things, one was to constantly provoke a struggle with the Jin State. One is to build the "Tomb no. 1 of the Duke of Qin".
Let's first look at the first thing, how Qin Jinggong fought with the Jin Dynasty. Before Qin Jinggong succeeded to the throne, the State of Qin was basically in a position of being bullied by the State of Jin for a long time, and its strength was inferior. However, after he took office, he not only fought with the Jin state himself, but also provoked other princely states to unite and fight together. Therefore, the Battle of Oak and the Battle of Qianyan against the Jin State during his term of office eventually ended in the victory of the Qin State. Of course, in the Battle of Qianyan, the Qin army used a disgraceful drug into the water, but it greatly weakened the effective strength of the Jin army.
Although Qin Jinggong fought two major battles during his forty years of reign and won both, people did not buy his account, on the contrary, for his strong character, his brother only used the four words "Qin Jun Wudao" to describe, indicating that Qin Jinggong was still unpopular in some aspects. At this point, we can see from the second big thing he did.
The second thing, how Qin Jinggong built the "Tomb no. 1 of Qin Gong". In fact, before Qin Jinggong died, he had already found a place for his own cemetery, that is to say, the "Tomb No. 1 of Qin Gong" excavated by Fengxiang County was designed and built by Qin Jinggong himself. As for the scale of the 186 people who were buried with him, it is unprecedented, indicating that he was also accompanied by name before his death. From this point of view, Qin Jinggong deliberately compared himself with his ancestor Qin Mugong, and only 177 people were martyred when Qin Mugong died. Let's take a look at how large this "Tomb No. 1 of the Duke of Qin" really is, and why does it attract so much attention from the world?
There is a folk legend that before the discovery of the "Tomb no. 1 of the Duke of Qin", the people in Shaanxi met with each other, and if they said to each other that there was no broken copper and iron under their houses and fields, it would simply make people laugh, because the princes who fought in the Spring and Autumn And Warring States periods, Shaanxi was an ancient battlefield. Therefore, when in the 1970s, a villager went to work in his own field and found that this corn field was not fertilized for a long time every year, and he wanted to replace some new soil with all his life, but he did not expect that the soil dug out was completely different from the surrounding area, and the soil was not only mixed with tiles, but also yellow and green, not like natural loess.
After the news reached an archaeological team, the experts immediately realized that this may be an ancient tomb, because before this, Fengxiang had found a number of Spring and Autumn Warring States sites, after excavation, experts were surprised to find that this is a huge imperial mausoleum, and the tomb robbers have visited hundreds of times. After further investigation, the experts still mentioned more than 3,000 precious cultural relics from the tomb. What is particularly surprising is that the tomb has also found written records showing the owner of the tomb.
On April 18, 2019, a number of media broadcast the excavation site of the "Tomb no. 1 of The Duke of Qin", summarizing it as the best of five: the largest royal tomb in the Qin Kingdom, the tomb with the largest number of martyrs, the highest grade "yellow intestine inscription" of the Spring and Autumn Warring States, the earliest well-preserved tombstone object, and the earliest stone chime with inscriptions.