Retired Uncle Li recently had a new hobby – fish farming. To this end, he also bought a large fish tank and raised a variety of colorful fish. Looking at these baby fish, Uncle Li fed and cleaned up all kinds of fiddling every day, and had a lot of fun.
But one day, when Uncle was feeding the fish, his finger was accidentally bitten by the fish...
The wound was not large, and Uncle Li continued to be busy after simply rinsing the wound, and did not pay attention to it. After the family heard about this incident at dinner, they were very nervous and could not take care of eating, and immediately urged Uncle Li to get rabies vaccination.
Uncle Li wondered, he knew that if he was bitten by a kitten and a puppy, he might get rabies and need to be vaccinated, and if he was bitten by a fish, would he also need to be vaccinated?
What is rabies?
Rabies is an acute infectious disease caused by the rabies virus, and most of the clinical manifestations are specific phobia, water phobia, pharyngeal muscle spasm, progressive paralysis and other symptoms. Once rabies symptoms appear, the mortality rate is close to 100%.
How do people get rabies?
There are three main ways for people to be infected with rabies:
1. Bitten or scratched by rabies, suspected rabies or rabies host animals whose health cannot be determined;
2. Mucous membranes, broken skin or open wounds licked by rabies-stricken animals or contaminated with rabies virus;
3. Infection by transplanting organs or tissues from rabies patients.
At present, it is difficult to confirm in a timely manner whether the injury or mucous membrane is contaminated with rabies virus in clinical work, so whether post-exposure treatment is carried out requires a comprehensive assessment based on the results of local epidemiological surveys.
Theoretically, all mammals are at risk of rabies, and the continents are at high risk for rabies, so we will do so
Injured animals are divided into three categories: high risk, low risk and no risk of spreading rabies, according to which it is determined whether rabies vaccination and treatment measures are required after injury.
High risk: canines such as dogs, wolves, foxes, etc.; cats such as cats, leopards, lions, tigers, etc.; bats (contact is high risk), after being injured by high-risk animals must be treated after exposure.
Low risk: livestock such as cattle, sheep, horses and pigs; rodents such as rabbits and rats. Post-exposure treatment after injury to low-risk animals should be done according to local epidemic conditions and generally does not need to be carried out.
If a low-risk animal is found to have died of unknown causes, or a low-risk animal is found to have rabies, or if it is extremely anxious, it is recommended to treat it as post-exposure.
No risk: All animals other than mammals do not transmit rabies, such as turtles, fish, snakes, birds, etc.
Exception: A person who is injured by a rabies patient should be treated as a high-risk exposure.
Treatment of different wounds after exposure
To sum up: if you are bitten by a fish, you do not need to be vaccinated against rabies. Just disinfect and bandage according to the wound situation. However, if you are scratched or bitten by a high-risk animal, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible for treatment, and get rabies vaccine on time according to the doctor's arrangement.
How are wounds treated after being bitten?
The earlier the wound is treated, the better. You can first wash thoroughly with soapy and running water and rinse all bites and scratches for at least 15 minutes. Go to the hospital as soon as possible for treatment, and the doctor will evaluate the wound, determine the level of exposure, and treat it accordingly.
Rabies vaccine, how should I get it?
At present, the post-exposure immunization program for rabies approved by the mainland is 5-stitch method and "2-1-1" method. 5-dose method: 1 dose of vaccine on the first, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 28th days, a total of 5 doses;
5 stitch method
"2-1-1" method: 1 dose of vaccine on the left and right arms on the first day, 1 dose of vaccine on the 7th and 21st days, a total of 4 doses.
2-1-1 law
The 5-dose method is suitable for all vaccines and is the most widely used in the mainland; the "2-1-1" method only applies to rabies vaccine products that have been approved to use the procedure in the mainland.
Can pregnant women get rabies vaccine?
All rabies vaccines used in mainland China are inactivated vaccines, inactivated vaccines are completely inactivated viruses, there is no live virus in the vaccine, it has been highly purified, and it is safe for the health of pregnant women and the growth and development of the fetus.
summary:
1. Bitten by chickens, fish, turtles, snakes, etc. is not rabies.
2. Dogs, cats, bats, etc. are the most important rabies virus susceptible animals, and the vast majority of people are infected by these animals after biting and scratching.
3. Pregnant women can also be vaccinated against rabies.
4. Once injured by a high-risk animal, go to the hospital for treatment in a timely and early manner.
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