| Editor/Curator: Ya Yun Editor:Yellow & Fanny
Review: Li Yun
Students Happy New Year ~ I don't know if you are busy visiting relatives and friends, going out to travel?
These days, the emergency department of the hospital is also very busy. Every year during the Chinese New Year, it is a time of high incidence of accidental injuries.
If you accidentally "overdo it", your vigilance will decrease, and accidents will easily come.
Scalded by hydrothermal fluids...
Scratched by a cat or dog...
Injured by fireworks...
Fish bones stuck in the throat, foreign bodies choked...
And if the accident is not handled properly, it will not only aggravate the situation, but also endanger life!
Image source Weibo
Today I will talk about the correct way to deal with several common accidents. (Worth forwarding to favorite)
scald
Playing the side stove is an indispensable feast for the family during the New Year. Although the hot pot is fragrant, it is easy to be burned by the hot soup if you are not careful.
In the face of burns, many people's first reaction is to use "folk remedies", such as applying toothpaste, soy sauce, sauce, soap...
Stop, stop! These methods are tantamount to sprinkling salt on the wound, not only can not relieve pain, but also the unpasteurized items can cause infection, damage, and even leave scars and pigmentation on the wound.
The correct treatment after burns is:
1. Quickly rinse the burned area with flowing cold water for 15-20 minutes to quickly cool down and reduce pain.
2. If the burned part is covered with clothing, it can be slowly cut with scissors, and do not forcibly peel it off.
3. If it is only local skin redness and there is no major damage, you can choose cold compresses.
4. When the blisters are small and small, in order to avoid infection, do not puncture the blisters with your hands, and wait for it to absorb on its own.
5. When the blisters are so large that they may cause friction pain, you can go to the hospital to extract the blister fluid and bandage it.
6. If the burn area is large or more serious, it is recommended to go to a regular medical institution as soon as possible to deal with it.
Blown wounds
Firecrackers are a must-have entertainment for many children during the New Year.
If it is not properly operated, it is very prone to danger, and every year there are cases of "bear children" throwing firecrackers into the manhole cover and being injured.
The best way to avoid such a situation is not to put it, if you really want to put it, parents must take good care of it, and stay away from crowds, manhole covers, flammables, etc.
If you are accidentally injured, you must deal with it correctly and in time:
1, first of all, immediately away from the source of the explosion, quickly take off the clothes on fire.
2, do not wipe anything, may aggravate the infection, but also not conducive to medical staff to observe your wound.
3. If a foreign body flies into the eye and cannot be discharged temporarily, it should not be pressed or rubbed to avoid the tissue in the eye from coming out. Also do not rinse with water, as water easily reacts with chemicals in explosives, causing acid-base burns to the eyes. The correct way is to have the injured person lie flat and cover his eyes with clean gauze.
4. The hands and feet should be quickly stuck with both hands above the bleeding site, if the bleeding does not stop, the amount of blood is large, then use a rubber band or coarse cloth to tie the upper 5-10cm above the bleeding site, raise the affected limb, and rush to the hospital for debridement treatment. During the medical evacuation process, the strap should be loosened every 60 minutes or so to prevent ischemia.
Cats and dogs and other animals scratch and bite
Even domestic pets, bitten and scratched skin, there is a certain risk of infection and rabies, can not be taken lightly, should be dealt with and treated in time.
According to the technical guidelines for rabies prevention and control, rabies exposure grading is divided into I, II, and III exposures.
● Class I refers to contact, feeding of animals, and intact skin being licked by them, etc., without special treatment;
● Class II refers to being bitten, scratched, rubbed but not visibly bleeding;
● Class III refers to bites, significant bleeding after scratches, and broken skin being licked and exposed to bats.
For grade II and III exposures, thorough wound management is important.
Standardized wound management, including thorough rinsing, disinfection and subsequent treatment of the wound inside, can help prevent rabies, avoid secondary bacterial infection, and promote wound healing and functional recovery.
1. Wound irrigation: Alternately wash each wound of bites and scratches with soapy water (or other weak alkaline cleaning agent) and flowing water for at least 15 minutes.
2. Disinfection treatment: after thoroughly rinsing the wound, rub or disinfect the inside of the wound with dilute iodine (0.025% to 0.05%), benzalkonium chloride (0.005% to 0.01%).
3. Vaccination: After rinsing and disinfection, immediately go to the hospital to inject rabies vaccine, and use rabies passive immunization preparations as needed.
Fish bones stuck in the throat
When encountering fish bones with stuck throats, many people like to swallow the fish bones directly by drinking vinegar and eating a large mouthful of rice.
In fact, these movements are very dangerous, easy to make the fish spines deeper, and may also scratch, or even pierce the esophagus, into the neck and chest cavity deep, resulting in fatal bleeding.
Correct treatment of fish bones and throats:
1. When the fish spines are stuck in the throat, you should immediately stop eating and relax the throat to minimize the swallowing action.
2. If it is a small fish bone, you can try to bow your head and bend down to cough hard, the fish bone may rush out with the air flow.
3. If the position of the card is shallow, others can see, you can use a spoon to press the front of the tongue, and use tweezers to clamp it gently.
4. If you can't see the fish bones, the position of the fish bones is deep, and you should seek medical treatment as soon as possible, so that the doctor can use professional instruments to remove the fish bones.
The foreign body choked
Airway foreign body obstruction is a common accident in life.
Elderly people who are too eager or laughing loudly during meals, who have coughing and swallowing dysfunction, and children who play and play with foreign bodies in their mouths are prone to foreign bodies entering the airway, blocking breathing, and rapidly progressing to suffocation, coma, and cardiac arrest.
In this case, be sure to use the Heimlich First Aid Method in time.
Graph source network
How to do it:
1. The rescuer stands behind the patient and wraps his arms around his waist;
2. Hold a fist in one hand and place the thumb side of the fist on the abdomen under the thoracic cage and on the umbilicus of the patient;
3. Grasp the fist with the other hand and quickly hit the patient's abdomen upwards;
4. Repeat the above techniques until the foreign body is discharged.
Of course, the best way to stop an accident is to prevent it.
If there are elderly and children in the home, be sure to take good care of them, stay away from heat sources, flammable substances, and improve safety awareness.
Stay away from the unexpected from the roots and have a happy holiday.
Hands-on click in the watch + forward, so that more people know the correct handling of unexpected situations.