Sorry, Zhimei is late!
In today's comprehensive cooling and Guangdong people are going to be frozen and crying, Zhimei sent out this "ultra-full frostbite prevention and control strategy".
(Source: Weibo @ Sina Guangdong)
Frostbite is not only itchy and uncomfortable, but may also leave scars.
Severe frostbite may cause blisters, which form erosions and ulcers that do not heal easily after the blisters rupture.
Although the broken skin heals slowly, it leaves behind pigmentation and atrophic scarring [1].
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Many people think that the colder the place, the easier it is to grow frostbite, but it is not.
The main cause of frostbite is cold + humidity.
For example, in the north, even if the temperature is below 0 degrees, but the air is relatively dry, such cold is a "physical attack", relatively easy to make people frostbite, but not so easy to grow frostbite.
Winter temperatures in the southern region are generally 0 to 10 degrees Celsius, and although there is no cold in the north at first glance, the relative humidity in the south is higher, and a wet and cold "magic attack" will be formed.
In this way, on the one hand, it is easy to make local skin blood vessels contract, causing tissue cell ischemia and hypoxia (people cannot survive without oxygen, and the cells are the same); on the other hand, plasma exudation leads to local edema, and the viscosity of the blood increases, resulting in frostbite [2,3].
Exposed parts of the body are more likely to grow frostbite, such as the face, ears, hands, feet, etc. And as soon as frostbite grows, it is easy to repeat the attack, which is really very uncomfortable!
1. Children: Children have low resistance to cold; blood vessels are abundant, and the vasoconstriction caused by cold stimulation is more intense than that of adults. Moreover, children are energetic, even in winter, they like outdoor activities, and they are more likely to grow frostbite without cold protection measures.
2. The pursuit of beautiful "urban beauty": beautiful women should be graceful and not warm, wear thin, can not help but be cold; in addition, they also like to wear tight and thin clothes and pants, which is not conducive to blood circulation.
3. People who regularly use cold water to do housework.
4. People who have been outdoors for a long time, such as traffic police, cleaners, armed police soldiers, etc.
5. People with poor peripheral blood circulation, such as diabetics, people with anemia, hypotension, etc., originally have less peripheral blood supply to the limbs than normal people, and the vasoconstriction after cold is even worse than that of "families that are not rich".
(Source: The author himself took it)
1. Wear more
Cover exposed hands, feet, face, and ears, wear hats, masks, gloves, and warm boots.
2. Wear loose points
In winter, try not to wear tight tops, tight pants and boots, etc., otherwise local blood circulation is not good and easy to grow frostbite, it is best to wear loose, skin-friendly and warm clothes.
3. Multi-move point
When you feel cold, you can rub your hands, stomp your feet, and jump in place a few times to let the blood circulate. Exercising regularly can also help promote blood circulation and improve the body's tolerance to cold.
4. Go out less
If you can, try to avoid staying in a low temperature environment for a long time, if you really want to go out, please refer to Article 1 and 2 to do a good job of keeping warm.
1. Rewarming
If you have frostbite on your hands and feet, you can soak them in warm water of about 40 ° C for 20 minutes a day and dry the water stains with a towel.
But be careful, can not be "hot and cold", all at once put the cold hand into the hot water, it is best to step by step, slowly heating.
2. Apply the drug
If there is no skin break in the place where frostbite grows, you can try external frostbite cream, vitamin E ointment, polysulfonic acid mucopolysaccharide cream, etc.;
If there is already a broken skin, you can apply some fusidic acid cream to fight infection (prescription drugs, need to be prescribed by a doctor), or you can apply growth factor gels alternately to promote healing.
3. Suction blisters
If there are blisters, you can remove the blisters after disinfection, but to keep the vesicle wall intact, it is best not to use scissors scissors, fire and other ways to break the blisters. Therefore, if blisters appear, it is recommended to go to the hospital for treatment.
4. Physical therapy
Under the guidance of a doctor, irradiating the local skin with ultraviolet or infrared rays can promote local blood circulation and make frostbite recover quickly.
5. Take medication
If frostbite is severe or is really uncomfortable, oral vasodilators may also be required under the guidance of a specialist.
Finally, I would like to remind you: do not use "frostbite home remedies"!
Using knives to cut, bite with teeth, pinch with hands and other methods to replace itching with pain, the symptoms are not cured, and it is easier to secondary infection after accidentally breaking the skin.
Using hot compresses or hot bubbles with various "ingredients" such as peppers, ginger, salt, etc., is actually "replacing itching with scalding", which not only does not alleviate symptoms, but also may burn the skin, and the gain is not worth the loss.
I hope to see you here, starting this winter, and every year after that, you will be able to get away from frostbite.
Reviewer
Wei Guo | Chief Physician of the Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University
bibliography
[1] Gao Y , Wang F , Zhou W , et al. Research progress in the pathogenic mechanisms and imaging of severe frostbite[J]. European Journal of Radiology, 2021, 137(2):109605.
Xiao Qi. Observation on the efficacy of racemic scopolamine hydrochloride injection with vitamin E cream in the treatment of frostbite[J]. Journal of Rational Clinical Use of Drugs, 2020, 13(17):2.
[3] Zhang Yonghu,Song Jintong,Huang Guobao. Comprehensive Treatment of Single Finger Frostbite : A Case Study. [J]. Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association,2020,42(3): 555-559.
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