Recently, the popular film and television drama "Hundred Refining into Steel" on the Internet has aroused heated discussion among netizens, and this drama depicting the struggle process of the Communist Party shows us the indomitable will and noble integrity of the revolutionary martyrs, which impresses us.
In the first chapter, the Internationale, the play tells the story of the early development of the Communist Party, in which Li Dazhao and other martyrs threw their heads for the revolutionary cause, and the plot of spilling blood made us even more moved.
And the scene of Li Dazhao singing the international song on the execution ground pushed the whole drama to the climax.
Li Dazhao
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="15" >, the northern leader of the Communist Party</h1>
Li Dazhao, a native of Laoting County, Hebei Province, was born in the turbulent years of the late Qing Dynasty.
His teenage experience was bumpy, his father died of illness before he was born, and his mother died when he was very young. However, his grandfather cared for this ill-fated grandson, which allowed him to grow up healthily.
Former residence of Li Dazhao
When Li Dazhao was young, the Qing government was carrying out a series of salvation campaigns, and a large number of new schools sprung up, so that Li Dazhao was able to learn advanced scientific and cultural knowledge in schools. Li Dazhao showed a good talent for learning in school, and he was successfully admitted to the Beiyang Law and Politics College with excellent results.
Here Li Dazhao learned a lot of knowledge related to politics and law, and he had a clearer understanding of the system of Western society, which also made him feel more and more about the shortcomings in the new Republic of China government. Li Dazhao believes that the country must make certain changes in order to get rid of the situation of poverty and weakness that began in the late Qing Dynasty.
In order to improve his ability, Li Dazhao went to Japan to study at Waseda University after graduating from the school.
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During his studies in Japan, Li Dazhao saw the rapid development of his neighbors in the East, which made him firm in his ideal of devoting himself to the revolution. After returning to his homeland, he entered Peking University at the recommendation of his friends, which provided a good environment for him to study and propagate revolutionary ideas.
At that time, there were still many differences in the domestic ideological circles on the future development direction of China, among which the socialist trend also had a certain influence, but due to its lack of successful cases, it did not get too much support.
However, with the victory of the October Revolution in Russia, people's views on communist ideas in China began to change, and Li Dazhao was the most active one.
He began to study relevant books and wrote a number of articles on the ideas of the communist revolution, in which he proposed that the path of the communist revolution was not only feasible, but also very suitable for the Chinese society at that time, so communism was the only choice for China, and in these articles he also left the classic prophecy:
Try to see the future of the world, it will be the world of red flags!
While expressing his views, Li Dazhao also spared no effort to propagate communist ideas in society, and participated in the establishment of progressive publications such as "New Youth", which made Li Dazhao have a good reputation in society.
During the May Fourth Movement, Li Dazhao also played the role of an intellectual leader, playing a pivotal role in the student movement in Beijing. With the continuous deepening of revolutionary work, Li Dazhao profoundly realized the need to establish a brand-new political party and promote the proletarian revolution on this basis.
In March 1920, Vyginsky, director of the Far East Bureau of the Comintern, and others came to China.
As soon as they arrived in Beijing, they found Li Dazhao. In his exchanges with these people, Li Dazhao made clear his desire to start a political party, which was supported by Vyginsky. Later, he went south to meet Chen Duxiu on the recommendation of Li Dazhao.
The situation of "Southern Chen and Northern Li" was thus formed.
Chen Duxiu in his youth
Under the leadership of Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu, the First Congress of the Communist Party of China was successfully convened in 1921, and the founding of the Communist Party of China also announced that the proletarian revolution had entered a new chapter.
After the meeting, Li Dazhao guided the party's work in the north on behalf of the party Central Committee, and in his work he found it difficult to rely on the existing strength to make a big cause, so he began to contact the Kuomintang side and strive to promote cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.
In order to achieve this goal, he went to Guangdong many times to meet with Dr. Sun Yat-sen, who was very appreciative of Li Dazhao's ability and ambition, so the two hit it off immediately, and the situation of the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was officially formed. Under the guidance of Mr. Sun, Li Dazhao became a full member of the Kuomintang and a member of the presidium of the First Congress of the Kuomintang.
In the days that followed, Li Dazhao returned to Beijing to lead the affairs of the Kuomintang and the Communists in the north, making him a leading figure in the democratic revolution.
At the same time that the revolution was in full swing, the Beiyang warlords who controlled the north at that time began to be unable to sit still.
They did not want the revolutionaries to take away their vested interests, so they began to carry out large-scale arrests of progressives from both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. In order to protect Li Dazhao's safety after the March 18 Massacre, the party organization decided to move the leading organ in Beijing to the old Russian barracks in the west courtyard of the Soviet Embassy in Dongjiaomin Lane.
With the beginning of the Northern Expedition, the contradictions between warlords and revolutionary progressives became deeper and deeper, and Li Dazhao's comrades-in-arms were also transferred to the south to support the war.
Although Li Dazhao's work became more and more arduous, he still completed the task brilliantly, and as the Northern Expeditionary Army marched forward, the revolutionary pioneer also saw the dawn of victory.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="22" > Second, Li Dazhao was arrested and imprisoned</h1>
Just as the night before dawn was the coldest, on the eve of the victory of the Northern Expedition Revolution, Li Dazhao also suffered the greatest crisis of his life.
In the course of the Northern Expeditionary Army's battles.
The threatened northern warlords are also looking for ways to enrich themselves, and the most active of them is the Fengzhi warlord Zhang Zuolin. In the 1920s, he chose to defect to the Japanese, thus gaining Japanese military support, which quickly developed into a military force in northern China.
The warlord Zhang Zuolin
After the start of the Northern Expedition in 1926, the Feng clan, whose base camp was located in the northeast, was the least affected party.
As Sun Chuanfang was defeated by the Northern Expeditionary Army and defected to the Feng clan, Zhang Zuolin's power in the north reached its peak, and he not only formed the "An Guo Army", but was also promoted by the fifteen provinces to be the commander-in-chief, claiming to fight against the National Revolutionary Army in the south and northwest.
Because the Japanese forces behind Zhang Zuolin were also very jealous of the Communist Party's threat, they understood that these people would be an important obstacle to their future interference in China's affairs, so they also issued orders to Zhang Zuolin to hunt down Communists.
Therefore, after Zhang Zuolin's troops entered Beijing, the work of arresting Communists began rapidly, and Li Dazhao had paid great attention to concealing his whereabouts, so that he was not too threatened for the time being.
However, as some progressives were successively mutilated by Zhang Zuolin, the Communists in the capital began to become self-endangered, and some of the party members who were not determined began to change in their hearts.
One day in September 1926, Wu Yuwen, head of the Investigation Division of the Beijing Police Department, received an order to try a communist-related case.
When he arrived at the police station, he saw the policeman on duty torturing a young man who looked like a peddler, while he was being arrested and distributing leaflets on the street.
Wu Yuwen carefully examined the prisoner in front of him, and from his eyes Wu Yuwen keenly captured his timidity and panic, which was different from the Communists they had captured before. Wu Yuwen realized that this was a good opportunity to get key information, so he asked his subordinates to intensify the interrogation.
At the same time as the punishment was used, Wu Yuwen and others constantly "persuaded" the prisoners to submit to themselves in the ears of the prisoners, and under the coercion and inducement, the young man finally gave in to them.
He said his true identity was that of an underground communist party member named Li Bohai.
In order to show his sincerity, he not only handed over a list of Communist Party members to Wu Yuwen, but also confessed Li Dazhao's hiding place in Dongjiaomin Lane.
However, at that time, Zhang Zuolin did not have the power to enter the embassy area of Dongjiaomin Lane, so he only stepped up patrols near the Russian embassy, but never arrested Li Dazhao.
In fact, there was another layer of reason for this, that is, Zhang Zuolin knew that the strength of the Feng clan at that time was not enough to make enemies with the menacing Northern Expeditionary Army, so he began to contact the Kuomintang high-level at an early stage, hoping to make peace with them and avoid losing his own strength.
At that time, Dr. Sun Yat-sen had passed away, and Chiang Kai-shek became the real head of the Northern Expeditionary Army.
He did not have the same firm revolutionary ideals as Dr. Sun Yat-sen, he valued his own position and interests more, so he and Zhang Zuolin quickly reached a consensus, and the two privately became an alliance of cooperation.
It is reasonable to say that such a situation is very favorable to Li Dazhao.
In addition to his status as the founder of the Communist Party, he was also a senior elder of the Kuomintang. However, Chiang Kai-shek was quite jealous of the development of the Communist Party, and he was worried that this new political party would break the monopoly of the Kuomintang, so he began to plot to persecute Communists, and Li Dazhao was naturally on the key list.
On the eve of the April 12 coup d'état in 1927, Zhang Zuolin had already learned in advance of Chiang Kai-shek's intention to tear up the cooperation agreement between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and in order to hand over a qualified letter of submission, he finally made up his mind to arrest Li Dazhao, who was hiding in Dongjiaomin Lane.
Li Dazhao after his arrest
In the early morning of April 6, 1927, Wu Yuwen led a large number of military police into Dongjiaomin Lane and came to the Russian Embassy, where he let ten strong men hug each other and slammed open the closed gate. The Russian embassy staff rushed to expel them and even fired warning shots into the sky, but the intruding military police quickly brought them under control, and this time they were clearly well prepared.
Since Wu Yuwen and the others had already made many exploration points before, they quickly ran towards the old military camp where Li Dazhao was located after entering. At that time, Li Dazhao was playing with his daughter, and after hearing the enemy's approaching footsteps, Li Dazhao did not panic.
He took his daughter, frightened by the sound of gunfire, in his arms to soothe her emotions, and calmly waited for the enemy to arrive.
After the military police found Li Dazhao, they pushed Yan Zhenshan, a Communist Party member who had been arrested earlier, in front of him and asked Yan Zhenshan if he recognized this person, and Yan Zhenshan said that he had never seen this person.
But Wu Yuwen said, "You don't know? I know. He is Li Dazhao! ”
After saying that, Li Dazhao and more than thirty other comrades were arrested, and even Mr. Li Dazhao's wife, Zhao Shulan, and their young daughter could not escape.
Stills of Zhao Shulan
After his arrest, Zhang Zuolin and others began to interrogate Li Dazhao, hoping to get from him a list of personnel and the deployment of the Northern Bureau of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. During the interrogation, Li Dazhao was silent about the layout of the work in the north.
Whenever I was asked, I prevaricated with "I don't know, I don't know."
As for the development of the Kuomintang in various parts of the south, Li Dazhao actually said something, which was actually to put pressure on Zhang Zuolin and let him know that it was not a wise choice to oppose the Kuomintang now.
Crucially, from the moment Li Dazhao was arrested, he never mentioned anything related to the Communist Party, which saved the party organizations in the northern region.
After Li Dazhao's arrest, progressives in Beijing also came to support Li Dazhao in prison, demanding that Zhang Zuolin try him fairly and reduce his sentence as appropriate. This put Zhang Zuolin under tremendous pressure, and he did not know how to treat Li Dazhao for a while, but at this time Chiang Kai-shek sent a death order.
Asking him to execute Communists, including Li Dazhao, as soon as possible, made Zhang Zuolin firm in his murderous heart.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="24" > third, Li Dazhao suffered "three strands"</h1>
After receiving Chiang Kai-shek's order, Zhang Zuolin informed Li Dazhao of the order to execute him. At this time, he also hoped that Li Dazhao would change his attitude and cooperate with him and chiang Kai-shek's government.
However, Li Dazhao was unmoved by this, and he believed that death was not worth fearing, because:
The purpose of life is to develop one's own life, but there are also times when one must sacrifice one's life in order to develop one's life, because ordinary development is sometimes not as good as heroic sacrifice enough to prolong the sound and brilliance of life. Noble life, often in the midst of heroic sacrifice. ——Excerpt from Li Dazhao's "Sacrifice"
However, he felt that the young comrades who were arrested with him should not end their lives like this, and he repeatedly blamed all the faults on himself, hoping that Zhang Zuolin's authorities would release others, but his efforts did not bear fruit, which made Li Dazhao extremely sad.
Hang Li Dazhao's gallows
At this time, Li Dazhao put forward a condition, that is, he did not want to die under the muzzle of the gun, and he hoped to hang himself. Zhang Zuolin did not think that this was a difficult request, so he specially bought a gallows from abroad to prepare for the subsequent execution.
On April 28, Li Dazhao was tried by a special court composed of the warlord An Guojun General Headquarters and was sentenced to death by hanging.
He and other revolutionary comrades were sent to the gallows that afternoon.
Because Li Dazhao's prestige was extremely high, the execution was a secret operation, and the Military Police department also specially blocked the surrounding roads.
At that time, there were twenty people who needed to be hanged, and Li Dazhao was selected as the first person to be tortured. Since the gallows had only just arrived, the soldiers responsible for carrying out the execution were not very skilled in how they were used, and at the behest of the officials at the scene, the executioners were allowed to "practice" a few times first.
Therefore, during the first two hangings, Li Dazhao was hung for a while and then put down, his face turned bruised due to lack of oxygen, but his eyes were still firm.
The officials overseeing the execution would give Li Dazhao a break after he landed, and then ask him if he had changed his mind and was willing to reveal Communist intelligence so that his life could be spared.
Although Li Dazhao had just returned from the ghost gate, his will still did not waver in the slightest, and every time he used firm words to refuse the temptation of the enemy.
After Li Dazhao refused for the second time, the enemy decided to kill him, so Li Dazhao was hanged three times, which lasted for twenty-eight minutes.
Li Dazhao Memorial Hall
In "A Hundred Refining into Steel", Li Dazhao sang a passionate international song on the hanging ground, but this is obviously an artistic adaptation of the film and television drama, and it is extremely difficult for people after hanging to speak out even if they are not dead.
Although Li Dazhao did not say a word at the execution ground, his indomitable spirit and courage to die generously have actually set an example for the comrades in the field, which is actually the high melody he played with his own life, which is still lingering in our hearts for a long time.