Major General He Jinnian
preface
One day, Yang Zirong (played by Zhang Hanyu), a scout of the "Suppression of Bandits" squad, came to the cottage of a mountain sculpture.
Bandit: "Heavenly King Gaidi Tiger?" Yang Zirong: "Pagoda Town River Demon!" "..."Pheasant stuffy drill, how can you go up the Heavenly King Mountain?" "There's rice on the ground, hey, there's a root."
This black language between the bandits translates into something like this: Bandit: "How dare you, how dare you anger your ancestors?" Yang Zirong: "In that way, tell me to fall from the mountain and drown in the river!" "You're not a legitimate person, you're pretending, are you?" "Lao Tzu is genuine, old."
After listening for a while, the mountain eagle, as the big boss of the cottage, could not sit still, so he personally said: "What is blushing?" Yang Zirong: "Refreshed!" The mountain eagle asked again, "Why is it yellow again?" Yang Zirong: "Anti-cold, painted wax!" ”
The mountain eagle was still not at ease, so he asked, "Sunda Sunda (who pointed you out)?" Yang Zirong replied, "A Linglong Pagoda, facing Qingzhai with its back to the sand (it is a Taoist person)!" ”
Yang Zirong, played by Zhang Hanyu in "Wise Tiger Mountain"
In this way, Yang Zirong, a scout of the 203 detachment of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army, successfully blended into the bandits' den and began his secret reconnaissance work...
This is a scene in the movie "Outsmart the Tiger Mountain". However, in reality, due to the cunning of the bandits, the work of suppressing the bandits is also very difficult to do. The person who proposed the strategy of sending "small detachments to attack" was General He Jinnian.
Peng Dehuai: How can He Jinnian be a colonel?
In 1955, the People's Liberation Army implemented a rank system, and the preparation for the evaluation of titles was very cumbersome and complicated. This appraisal is mainly considered from three aspects, namely: seniority, military merit, and position before the title is awarded.
When he saw He Jinnian's appraisal materials, Marshal He Long remembered the figure who had worked together for four years, and thought that it was very inappropriate to give He Jinnian a senior colonel and should reflect it to the above.
Marshal Peng Dehuai
When Marshal Peng Dehuai learned of this incident, he also thought that it was very inappropriate to give Colonel He Jinnian, and he said: "How can it be okay to give Colonel He Jinnian an evaluation?" Marshal Peng Dehuai's words were selfless and well-founded.
First of all, let's talk about qualifications:
Born on October 1, 1910 in Zichang County, Shaanxi Province, he joined the Communist Party of China in 1928 and joined the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in 1930.
In northern Shaanxi, He Jinnian was one of the founders of the Red Army; during the period of the agrarian revolutionary war, he successively served as deputy commander of the cavalry brigade of the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrilla army, political commissar of a detachment, chief of staff and commander of the general headquarters, and regimental commander, division commander, and commander of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.
During this period, He Jinnian led his troops to participate in the first, second, and third anti-"encirclement and suppression" struggles in the revolutionary base areas in northern Shaanxi, and made very important contributions to opening up and consolidating the revolutionary base areas in northern Shaanxi and welcoming the arrival of the central Red Army in northern Shaanxi. In the summer of 1935, He Jinnian and Liu Zhidan liberated the entire territory of Ansai County, connecting the two base areas in northern Shaanxi and Gansu.
After the Arrival of the Central Red Army in Northern Shaanxi, Peng Dehuai, He Long, Zhu De, and Chairman Mao all knew this.
Chairman Mao was in northern Shaanxi
Just a month before Chairman Mao led the Central Red Army to northern Shaanxi, Xu Haidong and Cheng Zihua led the Red Twenty-fifth Army to northern Shaanxi and met the victorious division of the Shaanxi-Gansu Red Army led by Liu Zhidan. Subsequently, the two Red Armies were merged into the Red Fifteenth Army, with Xu Haidong as the commander of the regiment, Cheng Zihua as the political commissar, Liu Zhidan as the deputy commander, Zhou Shi as the chief of staff, and He Jinnian as the commander of the Eighty-first Division, one of the three main divisions.
In December, during the Wa Yao Fort Conference, He Jinnian commanded the Red Eighty-first Division, besieging parts of the 129th and 110th Divisions of the Northeast Army at Ganquan. Later, in order to win the Northeast Army against Japan, under the orders of Chairman Mao, He Jinnian led the 81st Division to leave Ganquan and garrison Ganquanyi, east of Yan'an.
In February 1936, He Jinnian was ordered to lead the Red 81st Division to Yuanjiagou in Qingjian County. Chairman Mao, who was near Yuanjiagou, learned of He Jinnian's arrival and informed him to come and talk.
When He Jinnian arrived at Chairman Mao's residence, he saw Chairman Mao wearing a blue cotton coat and leaning over to study the map.
After seeing He Jin, Chairman Mao beckoned him to sit down, lit a cigarette, and said: "In Wa Yao Fort, I have seen several letters you have written, and you don't want to do it in the army, do you?" ”
Chairman Mao
Listening to Chairman Mao's words, He Jinnian remembered this incident. At that time, when he heard that the Red Fifteenth Army was going to transfer him from the commander of the Eighty-first Division to the Seventy-fifth Division as the deputy commander, this made him feel a little unwilling, so he wrote several letters to the Shaanxi-Gansu-Jin Provincial Party Committee to reflect his ideas and put forward the idea of leaving the army and going to the localities.
Seeing that He Jinnian did not take a stand on this matter, Chairman Mao said: "We should not talk about this matter, there is no such thing as demotion." Still your division commander, you still have to go on the Crusade, and your Eighty-first Division is directly commanded by the headquarters. After listening to Chairman Mao's words, He Jinnian felt a lot more relieved.
Subsequently, He Jinnian led the 81st Division on the Eastern Expedition and participated in many battles such as Laoyaguan, Duijiuyu, Zhao Cheng, Quwo, and the Great Buddha Temple, all of which were victorious. After returning to northern Shaanxi, He Jinnian entered the Red Army University and studied.
In December, He Jinnian and Wang Ping received orders to go to Bao'an County to meet Chairman Mao.
After meeting Chairman Mao, He Jinnian found that Chairman Mao at this time was much thinner than when he last saw him, and his spirit seemed a little tired.
Skinny Chairman Mao
After a brief greeting, Chairman Mao said:
The Central Military Commission restored the Eighty-first Division to the Twenty-seventh Army, with He Jinnian and Wang Ming (Wang Ping) as commanders and political commissars respectively. The Eighty-first Division is a unit born and raised in northern Shaanxi, has won many battles, and is a good unit. Whether it is the Red Army in northern Shaanxi or the Central Red Army from the Long March, they are all party ranks, do not divide between each other, it is better to do the revolution or have more people. ”
Listening to Chairman Mao's words, He Jinnian and Wang Ping were very happy. Just as the conversation was about to end, Chairman Mao seemed to remember something and said humorously: "Well, I will write you an order, or I will not have no basis for it!" Hearing that he wanted to write an order, Wang Ping suddenly stood up and said, "Chairman, I want to change my name." ”
Chairman Mao, who was just about to write the order, heard Wang Ping say this and asked, "Isn't your name Wang Ming?" Why change it? Wang Ping said, "Don't we still have a man named Wang Ming?" I don't want to share his name. ”
Chairman Mao listened, seemed to know some clues, thought for a moment, and said, "Yes, we also have a man named Wang Ming." So what name are you going to change? Wang Ping had already thought about this matter many times, so he blurted out: "Just call Wang Ping!" ”
Chairman Mao and Wang Ping were talking
After listening to Wang Ping's words, Chairman Mao said in a loud voice that the change was good, and he wrote down with a pen:
"Appoint: He Jinnian as the commander of the Red Twenty-seventh Army, and Wang Ping as the political commissar of the Red Twenty-seventh Army." Mao Zedong"
By 1937, in the Red Twenty-seventh Army, He Jinnian was the commander, Wang Ping was the political commissar, Li Shouxuan was the chief of staff, and Li Zhimin was the director of the political department.
In the same year, the two parties reached an agreement for the purpose of the anti-Japanese plan, the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army, and the Eighth Route Army Left Behind Corps was established, with Xiao Jinguang as the commander and political commissar of the Left Guard Corps, and He Jinnian as the commander of the First Garrison Regiment and the commander of the Trilateral Garrison Region.
In May 1942, in order to adapt to the development of the current situation, the Central Military Commission believed that it was necessary to unify the command of the troops of the five provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia and to strengthen the defensive forces of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, and decided to establish the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Jinsui Joint Defense Army.
General He Long
After the establishment of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia-Jinsui Joint Defense Force, He Long was appointed commander, Guan Xiangying as political commissar, and He Jinnian as commander of the Third Garrison Brigade and commander of the Trilateral Military Subdistrict. After that, He Long and He Jinnian worked together for four years.
He Jinnian: Lend Me Tan Youlin as well
And then there are the battle achievements:
In August 1946, He Jinnian was appointed commander of the Hejiang Military Region and took up his post at Jiamusi.
On August 15, He Jinnian, political commissar Zhang Wentian, and others held a public trial meeting in Jiamusi for Japanese war criminals Takeuchi Ando Okada, as well as The traitors and Wang Guodong, director of the People's Livelihood Department of the puppet Sanjiang Province, and others.
At first, the order at the public trial assembly was very good. However, just as the public trial meeting was about to end, someone suddenly opened fire on the rostrum where He Jinnian, Zhang Wentian and others were sitting, causing a guard to be seriously injured on the spot.
Later, from Zhang Wentian's mouth, He Jinnian learned that the person who fired the gun was the local bandit behavior. In the whole of northern Manchuria, the Hejiang region has the largest number of bandits, the largest leaders, and the most rampant activities. Among these bandits, there are the "four flagpoles": Yi Wendong, Li Huatang, Zhang Yuchun, and Sun Rongjiu.
brigand
These bandits, who did no evil in their daily lives, often participated in political activities, and some defected to the Japanese invaders, and were veritable political bandits.
Just as He Jinnian was dealing with the matter, more than 500 bandits, led by their leader Liu Dongshan, sneaked into the county seat of Fengxiang County, and the county government personnel and two cavalry companies were beaten to the point where only more than 20 people remained. These bandits actually took these more than 20 staff members to the wilderness with wire strings and shot them en masse.
Another even more angry thing was that Yang Qinghai, deputy commander of the Fifth Detachment of the Hejiang Military Region, actually defected to Li Huatang, the leader of the most powerful bandits.
In order to solve these local bandits, He Jinnian went to the 359th Brigade of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army, told the brigade commander Liu Zhuanlian and political commissar Yan Fusheng about these things, and explained to them the intention of borrowing troops to suppress the bandits.
Listening to He Jinnian's words, Liu Zhuanlian and Yan Fusheng did not hesitate to borrow a cavalry regiment and an infantry regiment to suppress the bandits for him. Considering that he was not familiar with these soldiers, He Jinnian proposed that Deputy Brigade Commander Tan Youlin go with him to suppress the bandits. Liu Zhuanlian and Yan Fusheng agreed with He Jinnian's opinion.
In November 1946, when it was reported that Li Huatang was still entrenched in the Area of the Darien River west of Ilan City, He Jinnian immediately decided to let Tan Youlin lead the cavalry regiment of the 359th Brigade and the Eighth Regiment of Infantry to suppress the bandits. On the other hand, He Jinnian personally crossed the Mudanjiang River with his cavalry brigade and the Yilan Independent Regiment.
He Jinnian spoke at the mobilization meeting for suppressing bandits
After arriving at Lianhe, He Jinnian found that there was no shadow of Li Huatang here; later, when he learned that Li Huatang had led the bandits to other places, He Jinnian decided to pursue them; after arriving, he still did not find this bandit. After investigation, Li Huatang went to the black blind kiln ditch again.
He Jinnian believed that just going around with bandits like this was not the way to go. Therefore, He Jinnian carefully analyzed Li Huatang's habits. Considering that the bandits all have a fixed territory and will not easily leave the nest, the black blind kiln ditch to the west, that is, Laoye Ridge, this cunning bandit wants to introduce the bandit troops into the black blind kiln ditch to go around in circles, and when the bandit troops are tired, and then return to the old nest, He Jinnian immediately decided to plan against these bandits.
Therefore, He Jinnian let the Yilan Independent Regiment continue to stay here, and sent a small number of troops into the Black Blind Kiln Ditch to clear the bandits in the Black Blind Kiln Ditch, while the others blocked the passage for Li Huatang's bandits to return. He Jinnian himself personally led a cavalry brigade and marched south along the west bank of the Mudanjiang River to reach Sidaohezi.
In Sidaohezi, He Jinnian found a band of bandits. After deployment, the bandits were eliminated in one fell swoop. After interrogation, it was found that this band of bandits was not Li Huatang's department, but Du Fangting's department. Therefore, He Jinnian decided to let the troops stop suppressing the bandits, first improve the plan for suppressing the bandits, and then purposefully clean them up one by one.
After overall consideration, He Jinnian decided to first clean up Xie Wendong, the head of the "four flagpoles". Before advancing and suppressing bandits, He Jinnian summed up some shortcomings of the previous large-scale troops in suppressing bandits and put forward the strategy of "small detachments advancing and suppressing bandits." This strategy is the prototype of the "squad" in "Wise Tiger Mountain".
Bandits who were put on trial
After deployment, a group of capable "squads" were sent to Laoye Ridge to carry out various crackdowns on the target bandits. In the course of the battle, the "squads" adopted the tactics of "wedges", "nails", and "awls":
The northeast part of Laoye Ridge was divided into 6 precincts, and each precinct was inserted with a battalion of "wedges"; each precinct sent small detachments to camp down at the intersection where bandits often appeared, nailed "nails", formed a long snake array echoing from end to end, and sent heavy troops to guard the various ferries of mudanjiang; and then sent a number of elite detachments to plunge into Laoye Ridge like "awls", braving the wind and snow, "piercing" straight "cones", discovering bandits, and swooping down and fighting fast. ”
Under the flexible tactics of the various "squads", the supplies of the various bandits were cut off and their intersections were blocked. In addition, He Jinnian also demanded that the "detachment" carry forward the fine traditions of our party, let go and mobilize the masses, let them provide clues and intelligence on the bandits, find the place where the bandits hid their grain, and break through each one. Soon, the bandits ran out of ammunition and eventually surrendered in panic.
In the process of suppressing the bandits, He Jinnian also personally led a small detachment, like the soldiers, carrying large cakes and pickles in his arms, over the mountains and mountains, and chased and suppressed the bandits.
During a crossing of the Mudanjiang River to suppress bandits, He Jinnian's mount was overworked and fell into the ice cave with him, and under the timely rescue of the guards, He Jinnian was rescued, but the mount was swept away by the cold river.
A squad in Outsmart Tiger Mountain
Due to the cold, He Jinnian developed a high fever, and the guards offered to send him back to Jiamusi for treatment, but he refused. He said, "If we want the bandits to lie on the ground so tired, we must have the spirit of not being afraid of vomiting blood when we are tired!" ”
Just as He Jinnian said, under the pursuit of the bandit troops, the bandits were so tired that they lay on the ground and gasped for breath, and they really couldn't run, so they had to surrender. At the time of surrender, these bandits did not even have the strength to raise their hands.
On November 20, Xie Wendong, who had no way to escape, was captured alive by the bandit squad. Later, as soon as the Hejiang bandits heard the words "He Jinnian," they fled in the wind. Soon after, under the meticulous arrangement of He Jinnian, Li Huatang, Zhang Yuxin, and Sun Rongjiu were all captured. The "four flagpoles" that had been rampant for a long time were uprooted, and the bandits in Hejiang were completely eliminated.
Knowing that the bandits in Hejiang had been completely eliminated, the headquarters of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army sent a telegram to He Jinnian and Tan Youlin as a reward:
"Under the personal command of Commander He of the Military Region and Deputy Brigade Commander Tan, a part of our Hejiang Democratic United Army, entered a place inaccessible in the dense forests of the deep mountains of Yilan, pursued and suppressed them in an exhaustive manner, and dealt a heavy blow to the stubborn bandits Xie Wendong, Li Huatang, and Yang Qinghai. Commendations are hereby issued. It is hoped that efforts will be continued to be carried forward in this arduous fighting style in order to completely annihilate the remnants of the bandits. ”
In May 1947, the cavalry column of the Northeast Field Army was established, and He Jinnian was appointed commander. Later, the cavalry column was abolished, the Western Manchurian Column was renamed the Seventh Column of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army, and He Jinnian was replaced by the deputy commander of the Seventh Column.
Group photo of General He Jinnian and his comrades-in-arms
In 1948, the 11th Column of the Northeast Field Army was established, and He Jinnian was appointed commander of the 11th Column.
On September 14, He Jinnian was ordered to lead the 11th Column to take Changli City in one fell swoop, cutting off the Bac Ninh Line. Subsequently, He Jinnian and the eleventh column occupied the Changluan section of the Beining Line, cutting off the passage for the Nationalist army in North China to reinforce the northeast, and making an important contribution to the victory of the Liaoshen Campaign.
Later, under the orders of the Northeast Field Army, He Jinnian led his troops to participate in the campaign against Jinzhou.
In November, the 11th Column of the Northeast Field Army was reorganized into the 48th Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and He Jinnian was appointed as the first commander of the 48th Army, leading the troops to fight south.
Chairman Mao: At the very least, he is also a major general
Finally, the position before the title is awarded:
In January 1950, He Jinnian was appointed first deputy commander of the Jiangxi Military Region and commander of the Forty-eighth Army; in May, He Jinnian was transferred to the northeast military region as deputy commander and chief of staff. From December 1950 to August 1954, he was the commander of the motorcycle armored corps of the Northeast Military Region.
He Jinnian inspected the work
During the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, He Jinnian concurrently served as commander of the Sino-DPRK Joint Railway Transport Command and participated in organizing the rear support work for the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. As a result, He Jinnian was awarded the Order of the National Flag of the Democratic Republic of Korea, Second Class.
In February 1955, the Northeast Military Region was renamed the Shenyang Military Region. He Jinnian also concurrently served as the commander of the air defense unit of the Shenyang Military Region.
At the time of the appraisal, Wang Ping, the political commissar of the Red 27 Army at the time, was a general; Li Shouxuan, chief of staff, and Li Zhimin, director of the political department, were lieutenant generals; Tan Youlin was a major general; and he Jinnian, the commander of the army, was only rated as a colonel.
After Marshal He Long saw He Jinnian's appraisal materials, he thought of the figure who had worked together for four years and thought that it was somewhat inappropriate, so he reflected He Jinnian's situation to the above. When Marshal Peng Dehuai learned of this incident, he exchanged views with Marshal Zhu De on this matter, and Marshal Zhu De went to Chairman Mao on purpose to reflect on this matter.
After reading He Jinnian's materials, Chairman Mao said, "How can He Jinnian be a colonel?" At the very least, he is a major general! ”
In the end, under chairman Mao's interrogation, He Jinnian was awarded the rank of major general.
Chairman Mao conferred titles on the marshals
In September 1957, He Jinnian was appointed deputy commander of the armored corps of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, in charge of scientific research, production and logistics and technical work.
In February 1979, He Jinnian also served as the secretary of the Armored Corps Discipline Inspection Committee. In 1982, at the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, He Jinnian was elected a member of the Central Advisory Committee.
On May 11, 2003, the elderly general He Jin died in Beijing at the age of 93 due to ineffective medical treatment.
It is worth mentioning that when He Jinnian was in his 70s, he began to study painting again. The bamboo he painted was so vivid that he received a special inscription from Deng Xiaoping: "Painting a bamboo inscription for Comrade He Jinnian."
In March 1989 and October 1990, General He Jinnian also held a personal bamboo painting exhibition in Macao and Hong Kong respectively, which won a lot of praise.
After returning to Beijing from Hong Kong, on the eightieth birthday of General He Jinnian, General Chi Haotian, chief of the general staff of the People's Liberation Army, went to He Jinnian's home to congratulate him:
"Congratulations on the success of your exhibition! You have won glory for the old comrades of the army, and let the Hong Kong compatriots see that our generals can not only lead the troops to fight, but also sprinkle Danqing and paint paintings, and are cultured and literate. I wish you eternal youth like 'General Bamboo'! ”
He Jinnian was painting bamboo
Since then, the bamboo painted by He Jinnian has been called "General Bamboo". When his personal album was published, the old general He Jinnian also named the album "General Bamboo".
The life of General He Jinnian was a life of revolution, a life of fighting, and a brilliant life. He devoted his life's energies to the cause of independence of the Chinese nation and the cause of the people's liberation, to the cause of socialist construction, and to the revolutionary, modernization, and regularization of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. His selfless and fearless spirit is remembered!