At the beginning of March 2021, the spring is cold, Longquan Village, Dawukou District, Shizuishan City, Ningxia is very lively, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Culture, Science and Technology health "three to the countryside" activities are in full swing, issuing books, hanging charts, sending grass seeds, experts and technicians from the National Animal Husbandry Station to carry out animal husbandry technology consulting services on the spot, face-to-face answers to farmers and herdsmen's questions, publicize animal husbandry industry policies, popularize dairy cattle, beef cattle, meat and sheep breeding knowledge, promote the whole plant of corn planting and processing and utilization and other technologies, by farmers and herdsmen warmly welcomed.
Plan offline and online multi-theme training, hold multi-industry development situation seminars, take the lead in organizing a census of livestock and poultry genetic resources, compile and organize the implementation of a new round of national livestock and poultry genetic improvement plans, promote the formulation of dairy and forage industry development plans and more than 100 national standards and industry standards, carry out the integration and demonstration promotion of key technologies for corn and soybean meal reduction and substitution, and form Shannan, Nagqu and Ali animal husbandry technical service groups.
In 2021, as the "national team" for the promotion of animal husbandry technology, the national "think tank" of animal husbandry management, the National Animal Husbandry Station will lead the four-level animal husbandry technology promotion agencies at the provincial, municipal, county and township (town) levels, focus on the stable production and supply of livestock and poultry products, make efforts to strengthen the "chip" of livestock and poultry breeding industry, accelerate the high-quality development of modern animal husbandry, do a good job in technical support and service guarantee, be a staff assistant of the industry administrative department, and demonstrate and promote advanced applicable technologies and innovative models. It has made an important contribution to the sustainable and stable development of animal husbandry.
In 2021, the recovery target of pig production was completed ahead of schedule, the output of beef and mutton, poultry meat and milk reached a record high, and the "14th Five-Year Plan" of animal husbandry made a good start.
"The National Animal Husbandry Station has always taken the 'meat, eggs and milk' supply and stable price as the most important thing to grasp, and has made every effort to promote the stable development of livestock and poultry production such as pigs, with monitoring, research and judgment, countermeasures, and planning, providing strong support for strengthening the macro management of the industry." Wang Zongli, director of the National Animal Husbandry Station, said.
The terminus has continuously improved the "farm direct connection direct reporting information platform", supporting the development of mobile phone handheld muyun and WeChat mini program reporting functions, and achieved full coverage and full caliber monitoring of nearly 180,000 pig farms nationwide, with 748 monitoring indicators. Combined with the monitoring of free-range farmers in 400 fixed-point monitoring counties, the inventory and price changes of pigs and fertile sows are closely monitored, and the monthly collection and processing data volume reaches 3 million. At the same time, the price information of livestock products and feed is released every week to guide farms (households) to arrange production reasonably, better adapt to changes in the market situation, and prevent the industry from fluctuating. In addition, a monthly production situation meeting is held to timely consult and interpret the production and marketing situation to provide reference for decision-making.
At the same time, we will promote the implementation of relevant policies in the pig industry, cooperate with the formulation of the "Five-year Action Plan for Promoting the Production and Development of Beef Beef and Sheep", and promote the implementation of the incremental quality improvement action of beef and sheep. Assist in the preparation of the "Dairy Revitalization Project Construction Plan (2021-2025)", promote the implementation of the "four major improvement actions" of dairy production capacity, dairy farmers' integration, fresh milk quality inspection and testing capabilities, and diversified and localized consumption of dairy products, and increase policy support for the dairy industry. In 2021, 193 standardized livestock and poultry farms will be selected and recommended, leading the improvement of standardized production levels. Organize the production performance measurement of 1.47 million dairy cows in 1307 farms across the country, and continue to carry out fixed-point monitoring services for 100 farms. Carry out research on the practice and exploration of dairy farmers' development of dairy processing policies, and compile and print "Cases of Dairy Farming Saving and Efficiency Enhancement" and "Sheep Cheese Production and Tasting".
"In 2021, the third national census of livestock and poultry genetic resources was basically completed, major breakthroughs were made in the genetic improvement of livestock and poultry, and the protection of livestock and grass genetic resources stepped onto a new level, laying a solid foundation for the revitalization of the '14th Five-Year Plan' seed industry." Shi Jianzhong, secretary of the Party Committee of the National Animal Husbandry Station and director of the Third National Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Census Office, said.
The main station took the lead in organizing the third national census of livestock and poultry genetic resources, established a national resource census technical expert group, adhered to the "one map operation", formed a six-level census team of more than 300,000 people in the provinces, cities, counties and rural areas of the ministry, developed the national livestock and poultry genetic resources census information system, supported the research and development of digital varieties directory, and accumulated more than 3 million offline teaching and online training. Up to now, the census rate of 624,900 administrative villages in the country has reached 99.7%, achieving full regional coverage and full coverage of livestock breeds, and basically finding out the status and regional distribution of varieties. Launched a key survey of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region, excavated and identified 18 precious and rare new resources such as Chawula yak and Awang sheep, and rediscovered 3 species of Shanghai buffalo and Zhongshan ma duck that were not found in the previous two surveys.
At the end of 2021, the good news came that the main station actively promoted the approval of three fast and large white feather broiler breeds such as "Shengze 901" independently bred by the mainland, and made a major breakthrough in the technical research of the "card neck" of the breeding source. This is based on the main station to organize the preparation of a new round of national livestock and poultry genetic improvement plan and organize the implementation, formulate 8 supporting regulations such as the "Measures for the Implementation and Management of the National Livestock and Poultry Genetic Improvement Plan", form an advisory committee and 6 livestock breed expert committees, organize large-scale livestock and poultry production performance measurement and genetic assessment work, and start a new batch of national core breeding farm (station) selection work.
At the same time, we will improve the construction of the national livestock and poultry genetic resources protection system, re-examine and register 205 national livestock and poultry breeding farms, protected areas and gene banks, organize the collection and protection of livestock and poultry genetic resources, and collect and preserve 207,800 copies of genetic materials from 26 livestock breeds, of which 50,000 copies of genetic materials have been saved for rescue collection. At present, the national livestock gene bank has more than 1.2 million genetic materials for 371 varieties, and the total amount of preservation has jumped to the first place in the world. In terms of the protection of forage germplasm resources, 63,000 copies of forage germplasm resources have been preserved, ranking second in the world in terms of total retention.
How to "high" quality: corn and soybean meal reduction, stop resistance substitution, forage standardization and high quality, manure resource utilization
"In the process of formulating the "Alternative Technical Plan for Reducing the Amount of Corn and Soybean Meal for Pig and Chicken Feed", the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of the Ministry of Cooperation of the Main Station has widely solicited the opinions of enterprises, and everyone generally believes that the main points of the technical plan are clear, the measures are effective, and there is a strong guidance for enterprises." Yang Jinsong, deputy director of the main station, introduced. After the release of the technical plan, the main station carried out the integration and demonstration promotion of key technologies for corn and soybean meal reduction and substitution, and trained nearly 500,000 people online. In addition, the integrated stop resistance substitution comprehensive technology, the development of feed stop resistance substitution quality improvement and efficiency comprehensive technical program. It also organized the formulation of national standards such as "piglets, growing and fattening pig compound feed" and "layer-laying chicken and broiler compound feed". In 2021, the review passed 3 new feed additives and the first new feed raw materials, and added and expanded 3 feed and feed additive varieties into the catalog, effectively promoting the development and utilization of new feed resources and technological innovation in the industry.
Deputy director of the station, Yan Xujiang, introduced that the station also undertakes the work of the two secretariats of the National Animal Husbandry Standard Committee and the National Feed Industry Standard Committee, and organizes the formulation of a total of 1255 national standards and industry standards, including 681 animal husbandry standards and 574 feed industry standards, closely focusing on the central tasks of agricultural structure adjustment, livestock and poultry waste utilization, the construction of a strong seed industry and feed prohibition and resistance reduction.
In addition, the main station also organized the investigation of the operation of centralized livestock and poultry manure treatment facilities, formulated the "Technical Guiding Opinions on Standardizing the Treatment of Livestock and Poultry Manure and Reducing Nutrient Loss", and refined and promoted 18 typical cases of livestock and poultry manure returning to the field. Cooperate with the drafting of the third round of grassland ecological compensation policy implementation guidelines and promote the implementation; Actively promote the formulation of the "National Modern Forage Industry Development Plan (2021-2030)", carry out the action of "grain feeding - high-quality silage", summarize and promote the typical experience of grain feeding, and issue an annual corn silage quality and safety report.
"Through the above work, we will lead cost saving and green development, and promote animal husbandry to move in the direction of 'resource conservation and environmental friendliness'." Nie Shanming, deputy secretary of the party committee of the main station, said.
"These trainings are very targeted and can be reviewed at any time, which is very practical!" A practitioner from Kashgar, Xinjiang, said. Closely following the stabilization of pig production, promoting the development of cattle and sheep and characteristic industries, providing guidance services for small and medium-sized farmers, the main station held a series of practical technology "cloud classrooms" for animal husbandry and breeding, and trained 420,000 professionals online. Comments such as "very practical", "not addictive", and "looking forward to the next issue" have appeared in the student comment area many times.
As the "bellwether" of industry development, the terminus actively leverages and leads the resources of animal husbandry technology promotion institutions at all levels, agricultural scientific research colleges and universities and leading enterprises, carries out in-depth technical guidance, strengthens support services, and works together to solve the bottleneck of industrial development in the support areas, and promote the sustained and stable increase in income of farmers and herdsmen.
Su Hongtian, chief pastor of the station, introduced that, especially in the work of aiding Tibet, a work mechanism for aiding Tibet has been built in which the leading group of the station has taken the lead in setting an example, the cadres who have aided Tibet have fully devoted themselves, and the departments have actively participated, starting from the "four focuses" of characteristic resources, industrial transformation, talent assistance to Tibet, and scientific and technological assistance, taking the lead in setting up shannan, Naqu, and Ali animal husbandry technical service groups, based on local development needs and precise policies, innovating assistance measures and increasing the intensity of assistance in terms of talent team construction, grassland ecological supplements, and livestock and poultry resource census. Promote the development of animal husbandry with special characteristics of the Tibetan plateau.
Wrought iron must also be its own. The main station activates the "inner brain" with the help of the "external brain" and guides the construction of the animal husbandry promotion system. With more than 1.4 million yuan of "real money and silver", the Main Station Animal Husbandry Economic Research Fund and the "Youth Fund" were created respectively, giving full play to the role of "think tanks" and "external brains" to promote the accelerated growth of young cadres into talents. And held the first "looking for the most beautiful pastoral technicians" activities, the first national animal husbandry statistical monitoring business "big competition" and "looking for the most beautiful statisticians" activities, to guide animal husbandry promotion agencies at all levels to work hard, take the initiative to enter the position, for administrative management and production and operation of the main body to do a good job of technical support and services.
"In the next step, the National Animal Husbandry Station will continue to implement the relevant spirit of industry development, optimize supply, develop the seed industry, promote transformation, and strengthen security, strengthen policy support and guidance, give play to the role of animal husbandry think tanks, focus on improving quality, efficiency and competitiveness, and promote the construction of modern animal husbandry to a new level." Wang Zongli said.
Farmers Daily, China Rural Network reporters Liu Yiming and Yang Hui