Some people, who seem to be in good health, are suddenly diagnosed with cancer, which makes people sigh. So many people wonder, how can cancer come and go, without a hint of warning? In fact, cancer does not appear overnight, it will go through a process from quantitative change to qualitative change. Among them, cancerous lesions are an important node in the development of cancer. Precancerous lesions are controllable and reversible, and if they can be detected and actively intervened in time, the risk of cancer can be greatly reduced.
So, what are the corresponding precancerous lesions of different cancer types? Let's hear what the doctors have to say today.
1. Chronic atrophic gastritis
Chronic atrophic gastritis is a precancerous lesion of gastric cancer, Pan Zhanhe, deputy chief physician of the Department of Oncology of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, once pointed out that from ordinary gastritis to terrible stomach cancer, it generally goes through four steps, namely "superficial gastritis→ atrophic gastritis→ intestinal metaplasia → stomach cancer".
Superficial gastritis stage, the situation is not too serious, although the gastric mucosa is damaged, but the deep glands do not appear obvious lesions, gastric mucosa also has the ability to repair itself, as long as the timely adjustment of diet, most can be cured, do not need special treatment.
If superficial gastritis is not cured for a long time and has been repeatedly, it is necessary to pay attention to it, and it may develop into atrophic gastritis. Chronic atrophic gastritis is not easy to recover, and as the inflammatory response becomes more and more severe, the deep glands will decrease or disappear, further aggravating the lesion and may turn into intestinal metaplasia. Intestinal metaplasia refers to the mucosal structure that should have grown on the small intestine or colon, which appeared on the gastric mucosa and belonged to dysplasia.
When gastritis develops into intestinal metaplasia, leading to dysplasia and intraepithelial neoplasia, it means that true precancerous lesions are produced. The probability of severe dysplasia progressing to stomach cancer is very high, and it should be very vigilant, timely intervention and treatment.
However, although chronic atrophic gastritis is a precancerous lesion of gastric cancer, only a few chronic atrophic gastritis can become cancerous, and the cancer rate does not exceed 3%. The more dangerous situation is atypical hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa, which may progress to early gastric cancer in a short period of time.
Therefore, if you want to stop cancer, you must actively treat atrophic gastritis. For example, eradicate Helicobacter pylori infection and adjust living habits; under the guidance of doctors, use antacids, H2 receptor blockers, etc. for acid suppression or antacid therapy; use gastric mucosal protectors, gastrointestinal motility drugs, antispasmodic drugs, digestive aids, etc., to improve adverse symptoms. Another important point is monitoring and follow-up, regular endoscopic and pathological reviews.
2. Adenomatous intestinal polyps
With the change of lifestyle, more and more people are detected with intestinal polyps during physical examinations. According to statistics, in people aged 35-49 years, the detection rate of intestinal polyps is 10%-30%. In people over 50 years of age, the detection rate of intestinal polyps is 30% to 67%.
Wang Yuanzhao, chief doctor of the Department of Proctology of Nanjing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, said that hypertrophic intestinal polyps and adenomatous intestinal polyps are closely related to bowel cancer. In particular, adenomatous intestinal polyps are "time bombs" that require prompt surgical removal.
Clinically, intestinal polyps can be divided into non-tumor polyps and non-tumor polyps.
Non-tumor polyps mainly have inflammatory polyps, proliferative polyps, juvenile polyps, etc., although the probability of cancer is very low, but it is not 100% will not become cancerous, such as larger, longer time polyps, it is likely to develop into tumor polyps, but also be vigilant.
Tumor polyps mainly include adenomatous polyps and polyposis, as long as there is enough time to develop, almost all of them will become cancerous.
Among them, the cancer rate of tubular adenoma is the lowest, not more than 5%,; the cancer rate of tubular villous adenoma is 23%; and the cancer rate of chorionic adenoma is 30%-70%. Familial polyposis has the highest rate of cancer, with bowel cancer almost always developing before the age of 40.
From intestinal polyps to bowel cancer, it often takes 5-15 years, so we must get rid of the intestinal polyp before it becomes cancerous to minimize the risk of bowel cancer. The best way to detect and remove intestinal polyps is to do a colonoscopy.
Colonoscopy is the "gold standard" for intestinal tumor screening, which can not only completely and clearly observe the inside of the intestine, but also remove the tissue of the suspicious part for pathological examination and timely find intestinal abnormalities.
Therefore, regardless of whether there are symptoms of suspected bowel cancer, it is recommended that you do at least one colonoscopy before the age of 40. If you have a family history of bowel cancer, obesity, or bad habits such as being sedentary, eating greasy foods frequently, smoking, and drinking heavily, colonoscopy should be examined in advance until about 30 years old.
Third, atypical hyperplasia of the breast
Breast hyperplasia is more common in women, which is pathological hyperplasia, which is caused by hormonal imbalance in women due to work pressure, lack of exercise, emotional tension, etc., which further causes uneven degree of hyperplasia in various parts of the breast, which is manifested as diffuse thickening of breasts, breast swelling and pain.
Breast hyperplasia has a variety of pathological manifestations such as cysts, breast duct dilation and papillary hyperplasia, lobular milk duct and acinar epithelial hyperplasia. Professor Lin Ying, Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, pointed out that breast hyperplasia is not a disease, and if there is no obvious discomfort and no impact on life, there is no need for treatment. What needs to be vigilant is malignant hyperplasia, that is, atypical hyperplasia and intraductal papilloma, which has a certain risk of cancer and should be further examined.
So, how can women prevent breast hyperplasia? In fact, the method is very simple. In daily life, develop a healthy lifestyle, eat less fried barbecue foods, desserts, fast food, etc., eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, and supplement vitamins and dietary fiber.
Of course, keep your mouth shut and open your legs, adhere to appropriate physical exercise, reasonably control your weight, and avoid overweight and obesity. In addition, it is also necessary to maintain a pleasant mood and learn to vent bad emotions appropriately.
When performing breast health care, do not take medicine indiscriminately, do not massage indiscriminately, learn to self-check breast health, and regularly go to the hospital for breast health examination.
4. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is a precancerous lesion of cervical cancer, which refers to the atypical changes of cervical epithelial cells. From cervical intraepithelial neoplasia to cervical cancer, it usually takes 5-10 years, as long as timely intervention, blocking the process of cancer, you can avoid cancer to the greatest extent.
Clinically, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia can be divided into three levels, namely mild (CIN1), moderate (CIN2), and severe (CIN3). The higher the level, the greater the chance of becoming cancerous.
In general, 60% of CIN1 can resolve naturally, and the cancer rate is only 0.3%. If it persists for more than 2 years, treatment should be given accordingly. The cancerous rate of CIN2 and CIN3 is relatively high, 1.5% and 14%, respectively, and surgery should be performed as soon as possible.
So, what if cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is prevented from developing into cervical cancer? Here are some things to keep in mind:
- Timely injection of HPV vaccine;
- Develop good hygiene habits and learn to clean and care for private parts;
- Do not change sexual partners frequently or have multiple sexual partners at the same time;
- Maintain a good attitude and learn to reduce stress for yourself;
- Exercise appropriately to enhance physical fitness and improve disease resistance.
Summary: Precancerous lesions are controllable and reversible. Most types of cancer, from precancerous lesions to cancer, need a long period of time, as long as timely detection and intervention, there is a great opportunity to prevent cancer from occurring, to avoid a lot of trouble in the future, the key is how to "brake". #Rumor Zero Project ##健康过大年 #
Resources:
[1] Does chronic gastritis develop into stomach cancer? The gastroenterologist interprets "Precancerous Diseases/Lesions" for you. Gastrointestinal diseases.2020-05-12
[2] "There will be "precancerous lesions" before cancer comes!" Many people don't pay attention! 》. People's Daily.2019-05-28
[3] How far is breast hyperplasia and breast nodules from "breast cancer"? 》. Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University.2018-08-24
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