Factors affecting the survival of kiwifruit and countermeasures

Factors affecting the survival of kiwifruit and countermeasures

Xing Bo

In recent years, the northern region has also introduced kiwifruit planting, but the kiwi tree species and the northern fruit tree species are very different, indiscriminately according to other fruit tree species for planting management, there will be a particularly low survival rate phenomenon, individual farmers have not mastered the relevant planting technology, planting a few years later, dead seedlings are serious, have to give up. The factors affecting the survival of kiwifruit and the relevant planting experience are summarized as follows, in order to provide reference for the majority of growers.

1 Planting time is late

Kiwi fruit has poor cold resistance, especially red heart and yellow meat, which are even less resistant to cold. In order to prevent the saplings from freezing to death, the purchase time of seedlings is late, and some even buy seedlings after the Qingming Dynasty, at this time the kiwi seedlings have sprouted and flowered, and the root system has long grown small white roots, which are easy to destroy the root system when transplanting, affecting the water absorption of the root system, if the management is extensive, it will lead to the death of the seedlings. Kiwi fruit planted when it was not frozen years ago, water 1 time, use soil to pile seedlings before freezing, the soil pile is about 25 cm high, basically bury all the seedlings, and then remove the soil when the seedlings sprout the next year. Planted the following year, the soil can be planted after thawing, without piling up soil, watering once.

2 The seedlings are too shallow

Kiwifruit grafting seedlings are mostly split, and the distance between the grafting interface and the rooting place is only about 3 cm. Growers are accustomed to planting the graft above the ground, but for kiwi seedlings, it is shallow, the rain in the north is less than in the south, the climate is dry, the watering is not timely, and it is easy to cause the death of seedlings. Moreover, the northern winter permafrost layer is more than 10 cm thick, and the shallow kiwi seedlings are planted, and the root system is easily frozen to cause dead seedlings. Therefore, when planting kiwifruit, the soil should be buried 20 cm above the rooting, regardless of whether the graft interface is in the soil. In addition, if the aboveground branches die, the branches emitted from the ground are also grafted varieties and do not need to be grafted.

3 Fertilizer is placed indiscriminately in the planting pit

In order to make the kiwi tree grow rapidly, some farmers arbitrarily put uncorried organic fertilizer and excessive chemical fertilizer in the planting pit, and the fertilizer is not mixed with the soil, which is easy to burn the roots, causing the death of the kiwi tree. When planting, it is best to put in completely decomposed organic fertilizer or bacterial fertilizer, use less chemical fertilizer, and mix well with the soil.

4 Topdressing is too early and excessive

After the kiwi tree germinates, individual farmers are anxious to topdress, at this time the root system of the seedlings is particularly tender, the topdressing is too early, too much and the fertilization pit is too close to the main trunk of the seedling tree, the number is small, and it is particularly easy to cause root burning. If the bottom fertilizer has been applied at the time of planting, the first year can not be topdressed, and the bottom fertilizer should be topdressed after mid-July, with a small amount of topdressing, multiple times, and the fertilization pit should be greater than 20 cm from the dry seedlings. It is best to spread fertilizer in combination with watering so that the root system is not harmed.

5 Watering is not timely and the amount is too small

Kiwi fruit leaves are large, water dispersion loss is also very large, saplings are very susceptible to water loss and wilting, watering is not timely easy to cause leaf fall, and even death. In general, the leaves of kiwi trees show slight wilting when the temperature is high at noon, and it is normal to alleviate it in the evening. If the leaves wilt shortly after the sun rises, it means that there is a serious shortage of water and must be watered immediately. In order to reduce water dispersion loss, it is possible to lay black mulch film without weeding. Garden planting, the pot is about 1 m2, generally 7 d watering once, each watering in 20 ~ 30 kg. There is too little watering, and the roots of the kiwi fruit seedlings cannot absorb water and die of lack of water. Planted in the field, watered 1 time in 15 days. If the buds have germinated at the time of planting, they should be watered once a day, continuously for 4 to 5 days, and then gradually reduce the number of watering, and then return to normal management. Autumn is prone to drought, coupled with the harvest busy watering, but also easy to cause drought dead seedlings, you can observe whether the kiwi leaves appear scorched edge phenomenon to judge whether the lack of water.

6 High temperatures

In the first year of planting, when the summer temperature is too high, it is easy to cause the kiwi leaves to scorch and die, which can cover the shade net. If planted in the field, a small amount of corn can also be planted on the south or west side of the seedling to shield the noon heat.

7 Low temperatures in winter

Kiwifruit is afraid of freezing, especially red heart and yellow meat varieties, and it is difficult for kiwi fruit seedlings to overwinter safely in the Yantai area. Before the soil is frozen, a mound of soil with a height of about 30 cm or more can be piled around the trunk of the kiwi seedling, and the main trunk is whitened or tied with corn stalks or non-woven fabrics for the first 3 years, without the use of plastic paper.

8 When planting large seedlings, the seedlings are too dry

In order to make the kiwi fruit bear fruit early, individual growers spend a lot of money to buy large seedlings, the seedling height is more than 2 m, and there is no pruning after planting, and there are many branches and leaves that germinate, resulting in an uncoordinated proportion between the branches and roots, excessive consumption of nutrients, resulting in poor growth, and even final death. Plant large seedlings up to 1 m tall, seedlings generally leave 2 full buds above the grafting interface, and the rest are cut off. After germination, leave 1 strong branch as the main branch and tie it with a bamboo pole to prevent breaking.

9 Trim too late

After pruning, kiwi fruit is prone to injury flow, the pruning period is not appropriate, the amount of pruning is large, and it is easy to cause too much injury flow and die seedlings. Generally, the pruning time is more appropriate between wax and 29, and it can also be pruned after the leaves have grown. Newly colonized kiwi seedlings can be pruned as soon as they are planted, so that there is less injury and no great impact on the tree body.