In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, for Liu Beixing's lofty ambition to restore the Han Room, Mr. Shui Jing once said during a discussion with him, "Wolong Phoenix, the two get one, can be safe in the world." So Uncle Liu Huang "searched for sages from all over the world." ”
And under the recommendation of Xu Shu, "Three Gu Maolu" sought the help of Zhuge Liang, the great talent of the heavens and the earth, and Liu Bei established the Shu Han foundation of "one of the three worlds" with his help.
The beginning of the Northern Expedition
Before Zhuge Liang left the mountain, he talked with Liu Bei in Longzhong for several days, during which he made a plan for Liu Bei to "cross Jingyi, and Sun Quan, and then Tu Zhongyuan", and then personally went out to the mountain to help. In the early stage, it was strictly implemented according to the plan, and the eastern Wu defeated Cao Cao, but who expected changes in the middle.
During the battle for Jingzhou, Eastern Wu killed Liu Bei's second brother Guan Yu, and Liu Bei was furious, that is, after the throne, he did not listen to the generals to persuade the Xing army to cut down Wu, and then because of the fiasco of Wu "Lu Xun" in the Middle East, he retreated to the White Emperor's City, Liu Bei saw that the accumulation of his life was almost destroyed, and his illness was even more serious, and he knew that he might die soon, so he ordered Zhuge Liang to come to the orphan.
The simple summary is to say that regret should not listen to Zhuge Liang's words, destroyed the original plan, only to have this defeat, incomparably repentant, of course, he is the emperor, put down his body to apologize to Kong Ming, Zhuge Liang did not have much to say, only to be more comforted, and then followed by Liu Bei told him that he had the news that his life was imminent and the fact that he was about to die.
Subsequently, Liu Bei also told Zhuge Liang that "if the heir can be assisted, then it will be supplemented, if he is not talented, Jun can establish himself as the lord of Chengdu" As soon as this remark came out, although it was to buy people's hearts, Zhuge Liang was also frightened, not only prostrated his head, but also wet his back, so when he returned to the court, he had to assist Liu Chan well.
After Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang did not break his oath, worked hard to govern, reconciled with Eastern Wu and married, and led an army to the south at the time of the barbarian rebellion, after Zhuge Liang's once operation, although Jingzhou and Jingzhou in Jingyi had been lost, the south was still determined, and the armor was sufficient.
Zhuge Liang felt that the time for the Northern Expedition was ripe at this time, and it was time to "set the Central Plains in the North and revive the Han Dynasty", so he presented a report of the division to invite the Later Lord to send troops to wei, and after receiving the permission of the Later Lord Liu Chan, he led the army out of Chengdu and into the Central Plains, and the curtain of the Northern Expedition was opened, and the Six QiShan Mountains also began from here, what exactly was Qishan, and why did it have to go from here?
Road choices
Just as the so-called soldiers, the devious way is also about a surprise attack, but Zhuge Liang, who knows this truth well, must choose the same place many times as the only way for the Northern Expedition?
Moreover, the ultimate purpose of the Northern Expedition was to overcome the Central Plains, that is, to take Chang'an, and if you want to drive straight into the Chang'an area, the first road needs to cross the Qinling Mountains, cross Mei County, and then take the Central Plains, such a natural barrier in addition to its own natural dangers plus the Wei army's guard can be described as easy to defend and difficult to attack.
If you choose this road, with the marching ability at that time, the danger of Qinling will be able to make the combat effectiveness of the entire army decline not small, and still face the heavy guarding of the Wei state, even if you cross the Qinling Mountains and break through the guard, the price paid is not small, and the next continuous combat conquest can no longer continue. Therefore, Zhuge Liang gave up this road.
In addition, Zhuge Liang used his troops cautiously, liked to fight steadily and steadily, and did not like to take risks, so he did not choose from Hanzhong to Chang'an, this line is the entire line of the current "Xicheng High-speed Railway", starting from Chengdu, bypassing the danger of Qinling, taking hanzhong road into Guanzhong, and finally pointing directly to Chang'an, the whole journey is only three hours. It can be described as the most convenient way out of the river into Qin.
However, at that time, this road could not work, there was no so-called high-speed railway, all rely on manpower to pass, according to the level of security at that time, if the army wanted to reach Guanzhong as soon as possible, it had to pass through the thousands of ravines in front of it, the abyss, and in the end, Zhuge Liang, who was safe, still did not choose this road out of the river.
Therefore, Zhuge Liang chose this last third road, into Gansu, take Qishan, and thus enter Shaanxi directly to Guanzhong, this road has neither the danger of Qinling Nor the danger of Hanzhong, so the road of Qishan has become the best choice for Zhuge Liang.
Although this road has advantages and disadvantages, it is undoubtedly the most favorable for Zhuge Liang, among the three kingdoms, the strength is led by Great Wei, followed by Eastern Wu, and the weakest in Shu Han. Zhuge Liang had established a prestige in the south since before the Northern Expedition, and if he took this route, the ethnic minorities and barbarian forces along the way could recruit security to replenish the source of troops.
In addition, the high and low terrain is also just the right to build a lookout to pay attention to the enemy's movements, the only drawback is that the battle line is too long, the transportation of grain and grass is too slow, and it can only be quickly decided, and it is precisely this that led to the final failure of Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition.
Six Northern Expeditions
After choosing the road to march, Zhuge Liang waved his northern expedition, personally led a large army straight out of Qishan Avenue, took a foothold in Longxi, took the road from Chen Cang (present-day Baoji), occupied the street pavilion, and attacked and defended the situation to go straight to Chang'an, which was a perfect plan, and as a result, zhuge liang's own improper use of personnel led to a total loss.
Zhuge Liang did not use Wei Yan when guarding the street pavilion, and misused the exaggerated "Ma Mo", as a result, Ma Mo did not follow Zhuge Liang's instructions at the Wulu General Entrance, and was cut off by Zhang Gao with the big words of "putting it to death and being born later", and finally suffered a big defeat, and the street pavilion was lost and had to withdraw its troops.
The following year, Zhuge Liang took advantage of Cao Ruixing's army to cut down Wu, led a large army to disperse the pass, took the Chen Cang Ancient Road, besieged Chen Cang, the Wei army knew that its grain and grass transportation was inconvenient and it was winter, so it could not hold out and finally did not achieve obvious results, due to grain and grass and environmental problems, and finally the Second Northern Expedition was also lost.
In the third Northern Expedition to Longnan, Zhuge Liang personally led the army to meet the enemy and captured wudu and Yinping, as a follow-up grain and grass supply office, which can be said to be a preliminary victory, and Zhuge Liang was reinstated after "tearfully cutting off horses".
The Fourth Northern Expedition extended the road of the First Northern Expedition, this time facing the old rival Sima Yi, in view of the inferiority of the Shu army, Sima Yi insisted on retreating and truce behind closed doors. After a few days of consumption, there was a shortage of grain and grass in Shuzhong, and sima Yi had no choice but to retreat, sima Yi took the meaning of the enemy advancing and retreating, the enemy retreating and chasing after me, if you retreat, I will attack, and if you turn back, I will collect troops and hold firm.
This caused the Wei army to resist emotionally, collectively requesting to fight, helplessly sending troops to meet the enemy was defeated by Zhuge Liang, and when Zhuge Liang was exhausted, Zhang Gao did not know the height of the sky and gave the order to pursue, and finally the Zhongshu army ambushed and died in the chaos of arrows.
In the Fifth Northern Expedition, in order to solve the grain and grass problem, Zhuge Liang used wooden cattle and flowing horses, but Sima Yi still could not hold out, even if Zhuge Liang sent women's clothes to mock him, he did not go out to meet the enemy.
During the last Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang tun soldiers zhou to the county, and then tun grain in Weinan, obviously a plan for a protracted war, but on the way, the autumn wind and stars fell to Wuzhangyuan, and finally did not complete the great cause of reunification, and finally Zhuge Liang returned to the queen of heaven, and the Shu army returned to Hanzhong.
It can be seen that Zhuge Liang's superiority over Qishan's superiority is also defeated by the inadequacy of Qishan, and if the grain and grass problem is solved, the fate of Shu Han may not be able to take a turn.