introduction
Regarding tunnel warfare, I believe that everyone must have heard of it, whether it is film and television works, or newspaper digests, the record of tunnel warfare is very detailed. The tense and exciting plot of tunnel warfare is also deeply loved by people. So who invented such an intelligent tactic? What kind of story does tunnel warfare tactics have in real history? Today I will talk to you about the story of General Kuang Fu Zhao and tunnel warfare.
In a hurry
In 1940, the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army ordered an all-out offensive against the Japanese army in north China. The famous Hundred Regiments War was launched, and the Japanese army paid a heavy price for it. According to the "Summary of the Achievements of the Hundred Regiments War", "In the Hundred Regiments War, the enemy who successively participated in the battle against us included all the 100th Division and the 25th Division, the 26th Division, plus the pseudo-military garrison, the security army, and so on. Our side eliminated its living forces, killed a total of 20,840 captured Japanese troops, killed 5,112 puppet troops, and uprooted 2,993 strongholds. ”
The Japanese army, which had suffered heavy losses, realized that the strength of the Eighth Route Army was very strong. He changed his strategy and began to focus on eliminating the Eighth Route Army. Beginning in late 1940, the Japanese army strengthened the implementation of the cage policy in North China, sending heavy troops to surround the troops of the Eighth Route Army several times.
The situation of the Eighth Route Army was critical, and the headquarters ordered the Eighth Route Army in the base area to be reduced to pieces and prepared to deal with the enemy's sweep. At this time, Kuang Fuzhao was the political commissar of the Tenth Military Sub-district, and upon receiving orders from the headquarters, Kuangfuzhao began to systematically dismantle the troops of the military sub-district.
Danger always came quickly, according to General Kuang Fuzhao: "In the autumn of 1942, when he led a squad of fighters to Yangzhuang to do mass work, he was besieged in the village by the sweeping Japanese army. Seeing that the Japanese army was about to enter the village, he ordered the soldiers to prepare for battle. At this time, a fellow villager stood up and led them to his home. The warriors were hidden in the caves under the fire, under the firewood, and in the dark holes throughout the home.
Relying on the tunnel, they successfully evaded the Japanese search. Afterwards, Kuang Fuzhao became interested in the caves of these ordinary people's homes.
The Eighth Route Army will be invisible
After the danger of Yangzhuang, Kuang Fuzhao led a team of people and horses to The Village of Minan to do the pilot work of tunnel warfare.
When digging the tunnels, General Kuang Fuzhao made adjustments to the tunnels according to the feedback of the masses and the actual situation. According to the article "Tunnel Warfare Method", "The tunnel is composed of countless dark holes and ditches, and the solidity of the land determines the size of the tunnel." The size of each pothole can accommodate up to 2 to 3 people, ventilation, drainage can not stand people. The central point of the tunnel should be chosen outdoors. ”
The construction of the tunnel is in full swing. During the construction of the tunnels, the Eighth Route Army also created new tactics and fortifications. They used the eaves and doors to lay grenade traps for the enemy, used wells to set false tunnel entrances for the enemy, and even chicken nests and pig pens were used to become shooting channels for the bunker. The Eighth Route Army's famous "curtain tactics" were also invented at this time.
The whole village was laid with a net of heaven and earth, waiting for the Japanese army to come and test it. In July 1943, a large group of Japanese troops and puppet troops came to the village of Minan to sweep. According to General Kuang Fuzhao' recollection: "When the Japanese army entered the village, they began to shoot and set fire to the village, and searched door to door. "The Eighth Route Army used the hidden shooting hole to shoot the enemy from the horse shed, and the Japanese army looked around, but they couldn't find where the eighth road was, so they set fire to the house, and it took half a day's effort, and none of the eight roads were found, and many people were killed or wounded. According to the "Kuangfu Zhao's Journey Collection", "the militia used tunnels to kill 50 Japanese puppet troops. The militia of Misizhuang killed 30 Japanese puppet troops through traps and caves. And none of the militiamen in the tunnels of these two villages suffered any casualties. ”
The impact of tunnel warfare
The achievements of tunnel warfare are very remarkable in the history of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. Since the implementation of the tunnel warfare method in the military sub-district in 1943, in 2 years, the length of tunnels in various counties in Central Hebei has reached 12,000 kilometers, and the construction of tunnel facilities is very perfect. The promotion of tunnel warfare dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese sweeping offensive. Although the number of Japanese troops killed by authentic methods is not clearly documented. However, according to the "Baoding Local Chronicle", "Ran Zhuang fought against the enemy 65 times during the period of tunnel warfare, annihilated 1968 Japanese troops, and the militia suffered no casualties." ”
The tactics of tunnel warfare are recorded not only in the history of our army, but also in the military history of the Japanese army. In February 1945, the Battle of Iwo Jima broke out, by which time the Japanese army was at the end of the crossbow. On a small island with an area of only 21 square kilometers, the Japanese dug tunnels and bunkers. As a result, the U.S. army lost 6,821 people in the battle and more than 20,000 were wounded.
The method of warfare of our army was used by Vietnamese guerrillas during the Vietnam War. In order to stop the American attack, the Vietnamese army built the famous Cu Chi Tunnel and successfully stopped the attack of 20,000 American troops.
According to the general's recollection, "Tunnel warfare was carried out very quickly in the base areas, and within 3 months, the comrades of the entire military sub-district behind the enemy lines were mobilized to dig tunnels, and the Japanese refused to even go out of the city and go to the countryside to sweep up in the late stage of the War of Resistance." ”
Tunnel warfare is a historical witness to the unity of the military and the people of our country and the common resistance to Japan. Today, the sites of tunnel warfare are still preserved in the Hebei region, and these sites are our wake-up call, always reminding us in peacetime today to remember history and not let the tragedy repeat itself.