At 15:00 p.m. on November 13, 1935, in the Gushilinli Buddhist Hall in Tianjin, Sun Chuanfang, former commander-in-chief of the Beiyang warlord's Five Provinces Coalition Army, was shot three times in a row by a woman named Shi Jianqiao, and died on the spot.
At 18:00 on the same day, the news was first published in the "New Tianjin Daily", with the headline "Sun Chuanfang was stabbed to death, miss Shi avenged her father's revenge."
When the Supreme Court of the Nationalist Government made a judgment, taking into account that Shi Jianqiao had surrendered herself and was in the name of "avenging her father", it only sentenced her to seven years in prison.
Shi Jianqiao
However, when the verdict came out, the Jiangning, Yangzhou, and Jiangdu Women's Associations, the Anhui Society in Beijing, the Huizhou Academy, and other groups sent telegrams calling for the Supreme Court of the National Government to grant amnesty to Shi Jianqiao.
In the second trial of Shi Jianqiao, in the face of the pressure exerted by Sun Chuanfang's remnants on the court, Feng Yuxiang, then vice chairman of the Kuomintang Military Commission, stepped forward.
Although Feng Yuxiang and Shi Jianqiao have never met, they are old acquaintances with her uncle Shi Congyun (also known as her biological father).
When Feng Yuxiang learned of this incident, he was touched by this woman who avenged her father and eliminated harm for the people, and he immediately joined forces with the Kuomintang elders Li Liejun, Zhang Ji, and others to ask the Nanjing government to pardon Shi Jianqiao.
For this matter, Feng Yuxiang also personally consulted with Chiang Kai-shek in person, and eventually Chiang Kai-shek acquitted Shi Jianqiao in the name of the Nanjing government.
In the whole process of Shi Jianqiao's pardon, Feng Yuxiang played the most crucial role in it. So, why did Feng Yuxiang help Shi Jianqiao?
If you want to figure this out, you must start from the relationship between Feng Yuxiang and Shi Congyun.
As early as 1911, Shi Congyun served as the pipe belt of the 79th standard 2nd battalion of the newly organized army of the Qing government, Wang Jinming served as the pipe belt of the 79th standard 1st battalion, and Feng Yuxiang served as the pipe belt of the 83rd standard 3rd battalion.
On October 10 of that year, the Qing government decided to hold a third military exercise in Zhili (present-day Hebei). The purpose of the military exercises is to show that "the Manchus are strong and the Han are weak" and to maintain the rule of the autocratic imperial power.
Among them, Wu Luzhen, commander of the sixth town of the Eastern Army, Zhang Shaozeng, commander of the twentieth town, and Lan Tianwei, commander of the Second Mixed Formation Association, who participated in the military exercise, began to conspire, planning to launch an attack on the Western Army, which also participated in the military exercise, and then attack the capital at the beginning of the exercise. At the same time, it was also secretly agreed that the Wuhan side would also raise troops to revolt at the same time, forcing the Qing government not to take care of each other.
Shi Jianqiao was pardoned
However, things did not go as they had originally planned.
After the success of the Wuchang Uprising, the rebel army soon occupied the three towns of Wuhan (Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang) and established the military government of the Republic of China in Hubei, and Li Yuanhong was elected as the governor of Dadu.
At this time, the Qing government urgently ordered the Eastern and Western armies to stop military exercises and mobilize troops to Wuhan to suppress the rebels.
At this time, the Eastern Army's plan to plot an uprising was exposed, and Wang Jinming, Shi Congyun, and Feng Yuxiang tried their best to persuade Zhang Shaozeng, the commander of the Twentieth Town, to actively respond to the rebel army in the south, and intercepted the munitions shipped by the Qing government to the south to suppress the rebels in Luanzhou.
After intercepting the Qing army's ammunition, Zhang Shaozeng and Wu Luzhen immediately joined forces against the Qing government, and they sent a report to the Qing government: "Abolish the cabinet, quickly open the National Assembly, implement the constitution, and implement the reform "Twelve Political Platforms" that we proposed." ”
At that time, the new army in Luanzhou also established the Northern Military Government of the Republic of China, and the three main leaders, Wang Jinming, Shi Congyun and Feng Yuxiang, served as the metropolitan governor, commander-in-chief and chief of the general staff of the northern military government respectively.
Feng Yuxiang
On the same day that the Luanzhou Mutiny was launched, the Shanxi peasant army killed Lu Zhongqi, the governor of Shanxi, and declared the official independence of Shanxi, which posed a great threat to the Qing government.
As a result, the Qing government had to temporarily agree to the "Twelve-Point Political Platform", and also released the imprisoned political prisoners, abolished the imperial cabinet, and implemented a constitution. Based on the Twelve-Point Political Platform, a constitution was drafted, known as the Nineteen Articles of Major Creed.
However, the Qing government did not really want to compromise, and they pretended to flatter the rebel army while secretly planning to suppress the rebel army.
First of all, the Qing government appointed Zhang Shaozeng as the "Minister of Xuanfu", transferred him away from Luanzhou, disguised his military power, and reduced the strength of the twentieth town to zero, and finally escaped the fate of being killed. Subsequently, another major general involved in planning the uprising, Wu Luzhen, the ruler of the Sixth Town, was also assassinated by the Qing government in Shijiazhuang.
Zhang Shaozeng's subordinates Wang Jinming and Shi Congyun were also arrested by the Qing army and shot one after another, and as feng Yuxiang, chief of staff of the northern military government of the Republic of China, he had a very good relationship with Lu Jianzhang, a general under Yuan Shikai, and even married Lu Jianzhang's niece.
In this way, under the protection of Lu Jianzhang, Feng Yuxiang was lucky to pick up a life.
The Luanzhou uprising eventually ended in failure, and perhaps Feng Yuxiang was grateful to Wang Jinming and Shi Congyun, who had fought alongside him, so he took extra care of their families.
In 1930, after the end of the Central Plains War, Feng Yuxiang was defeated and went to the wilderness, and has been living a secluded life in Taishan ever since.
Until November 1935, because the Japanese were making a lot of noise in North China at that time, Chiang Kai-shek urgently needed to unite the various forces in the country, so he invited Feng Yuxiang down from Mount Tai.
After Feng Yuxiang returned to Nanjing, Chiang Kai-shek discussed issues with him almost every day and appointed him as vice chairman of the National Government, and his status suddenly rose to the height of "one person below, above ten thousand people".
Shortly after Feng Yuxiang arrived in Nanjing, there was an incident in which "Shi Jianqiao assassinated Sun Chuanfang", Shi Jianqiao was Shi Congyun's niece, and her father Shi Congbin was killed by Sun Chuanfang.
Shi Jianqiao (rear) and brother-in-law
Feng Yuxiang wrote in his diary on November 30, 1935: "Brothers With Shi Zefan and Shi Zhongda II, I went to see Jiao Yitang and Mr. Ju Juesheng specifically for the purpose of amnesty for Ms. Shi Jianqiao. ”
Jiao Yitang was the president of the Supreme Court of the Nationalist Government at that time, and Ju Juesheng was the president of the Judicial Yuan, and under the circumstance that "the rule of man is greater than the rule of law" at that time, Shi Jianqiao was sentenced to seven years in prison.
When the second trial of the "Shi Jianqiao Assassination of Sun Chuanfang Case" was held, Feng Yuxiang wandered around again, interceding for her, and even directly found Chiang Kai-shek. Chiang Kai-shek also gave Feng Yuxiang a lot of face, and then ordered Lin Sen, chairman of the Nationalist government, to issue a pardon for Shi Jianqiao.
Just after Shi Jianqiao was acquitted, there was a lot of discussion throughout the country, and many people said: "Shi Jianqiao can successfully assassinate Sun Chuanfang, but she certainly can't do it with her own ability, and there must be someone else behind the scenes." ”
Sun Chuanfang
What's more, people pointed directly at the Kuomintang's Blue Jacket Society.
Speculation about the Blue Jacket Society is not unreasonable, because the pistol used in Shi Jianqiao's assassination of Sun Chuanfang was a Browning M1900 automatic pistol produced by the Belgian FN company. One of the great characteristics of this gun is that it is small in size and light in weight, which is easy to hide on the body and is not easy to be found.
According to Shi Jianqiao's confession, the pistol was bought by her from a retired soldier, which was obviously wrong. Because in the troops at that time, no one used the Browning M1900 automatic pistol at all, only within the National Government.
The Blue Jacket Society was an internal organization established by the Kuomintang in 1930, also known as the "Lixing Society", with the purpose of overcoming the crisis of japanese invasion and stopping the corruption and degeneration within the Kuomintang. Later, the Blue Jacket Society was used by the dictatorship and authoritarianism of the National Government and became a sharp weapon for the Kuomintang to fight against the different parties, and its leader was the notorious military command secret agent Dai Kasa.
In the case of Shi Jianqiao's assassination of Sun Chuanfang, if it was really the Blue Clothing Society that was manipulating it behind its back, then why did the Blue Clothing Society use Shi Jianqiao to kill Sun Chuanfang?
In 1933, after the end of the Great Wall War of Resistance, the Nationalist Government in Nanjing signed the Tanggu Armistice Agreement with the Japanese army, and the Japanese army continued to infiltrate into north China.
Two years later, He Yingqin, a member of the National Government in Nanjing, signed the "He Mei Agreement" with Umezu Mijiro, commander of the Japanese Tianjin Garrison, which mainly said: "Abolish the Kuomintang organizations in Hebei, withdraw the central army in Hebei, and ban all anti-Japanese groups and anti-Japanese activities." ”
Subsequently, the Japanese invaders and traitors began to vigorously promote the autonomy of the five provinces of North China (Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Chahar and Suiyuan).
Under these circumstances, the National Government in Nanjing sent the Blue Jacket Society to carry out an assassination operation in North China, also known as the "Northern Country Hoe Rape" operation, which was mainly aimed at the leaders of the Traitors, and this kind of assassination operation with political overtones was also extremely risky.
The Great Wall Resistance
Chiang Kai-shek's "hoeing and rape in the northern country" actually touched the interests of the Japanese.
On the one hand, the Japanese protested to the Nanjing government, and on the other hand, they sent Kenji Toihara, the head of the Japanese secret service, to Baoding, Taiyuan, Jinan, Tianjin, and other places in an attempt to take advantage of Song Zheyuan in the Pingjin region of Jicha, Yan Xishan in Shanxi, Han Fuyu in Shandong, and Shang Zhen in Hebei to achieve "autonomy in the five provinces of North China."
Kenji Toihara used all the resources available to him to woo all the forces that could be wooed, and Sun Chuanfang, who was living in seclusion in Tianjin at this time, was naturally within his scope of co-optation.
Kenji Doihara has been engaged in espionage in China for a long time, can speak fluent Mandarin, and is a well-known "China Pass" in the Japanese Army's secret service system.
Kenji Toihara visited Sun Chuanfang several times and persuaded sun Chuanfang to cooperate with the Japanese, but to no avail. So he thought of an old acquaintance of Sun Chuanfang, who was in Japan at the time
Director of the 2nd Department of the Army General Staff Headquarters
Okamura Ningji planned to let Okamura Ningji persuade Sun Chuanfang.
Kenji Toihara
Watching the Japanese visit Sun Chuanfang repeatedly and endlessly, it naturally aroused Chiang Kai-shek's suspicion. Chiang Kai-shek thought to himself that once Sun Chuanfang cooperated with the Japanese, it would be very unfavorable to the Nationalist government in Nanjing and the north China region, and it was necessary to find a way to get rid of Sun Chuanfang.
As Hu Enbo, director of the pro-Japanese traitor Tianjin Guoquan Bao, and Bai Yuehuan, president of tianjin Zhen Bao and president of the pseudo-"Manchukuo Central News Agency," were assassinated in the Japanese concession one after another, Takashi Sakai, who was then chief of staff of the North China Garrison, let out a message: "The two of them were killed by the Kuomintang Blue Jacket Society. ”
For a time, this incident aroused strong protests from the Japanese side, and even threatened war, demanding that the Nationalist government withdraw all the Blue Jackets, military and political institutions, and gendarmerie corps from the north.
Chiang Kai-shek believed that if Sun Chuanfang was killed directly through the Blue Jacket Society, once he was caught by the Japanese army, it was likely to bring unnecessary trouble, so he had the idea of "killing people with a knife".
It is said that Chiang Kai-shek wanted to kill Sun Chuanfang not only because of his close ties with the Japanese, but also for another important reason. That is, after Sun Chuanfang went to the wilderness, he has been secretly engaged in some secret activities that are unfavorable to Chiang Kai-shek.
Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek, through Shi Zhongcheng, the division commander of Chen Tiaoyuan's troops, instigated Shi Jianqiao to stab Sun Chuanfang to death in the name of "avenging his father".
Shi Jianqiao's father, Shi Congbin, was beheaded and killed by Sun Chuanfang in 1926 on the south side of Bengbu Station. On the one hand, Shi Jianqiao was willing to avenge his father's hatred; on the other hand, Chiang Kai-shek also wanted to use Shi Jianqiao's hand to get rid of Sun Chuanfang.
With the secret help of the Blue Jacket Society, Shi Jianqiao was provided with a timetable for the travel of pistols and Sun Chuanfang. It was agreed that after the assassination was successful, Feng Yuxiang would vouch for her release from prison, and under a series of favorable conditions, Shi Jianqiao finally decided to start the action.